Deck 1: B: Introducing Psychological Science

Question 1

Freud's theories differed radically from the views of his predecessors because of

A)his extensive use of laboratory research to support his claims.
B)the emphasis he placed on Eastern philosophies and culture.
C)the emphasis he placed on unconscious processes.
D)his emphasis on environmental learning as the source of most personality characteristics.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Psychoanalysis was a therapy technique designed by

A)Fritz Perls.
B)Sigmund Freud.
C)Carl Rogers.
D)Alfred Adler.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A therapist is interested in interpreting dreams and in having clients relate their thoughts without modifying them.This therapist is most likely to be a

A)client-centred therapist.
B)psychoanalyst.
C)cognitive therapist.
D)behaviour therapist.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Dr.Martian claims that aliens are real and have been performing mind experiments on humans for years.Which principle of critical thinking is most important to consider when evaluating this claim?

A)being curious
B)avoiding emotional reasoning
C)examining the nature of the source of the evidence
D)tolerating ambiguity

Question 5

It is generally agreed that psychology was born in

A)1642.
B)1853.
C)1879.
D)1906.

Question 6

As a science,psychology is approximately how old?

A)50 years
B)100+ years
C)150 years
D)2500 years,since the field dates back to the ancient Greeks

Question 7

Psychologists use research techniques based on

A)inductive reasoning.
B)objective introspection.
C)deductive reasoning.
D)the scientific method.

Question 8

The belief that anxiety results from feelings and emotions repressed during childhood was proposed by

A)Perls.
B)Moniz.
C)Pinel.
D)Freud.

Question 9

Of the following,which type of therapist would be more interested in a client's past rather than their current situation?

A)psychoanalytic
B)rational-emotive
C)behavioural
D)Gestalt

Question 10

Structuralism emphasizes

A)individual differences.
B)the application of biological principles to the mind.
C)the influence of subconscious urges on conscious behaviour.
D)the basic units of experience and their combinations.

Question 11

Modern psychology is said to have begun when

A)Greek philosophers began studying the differences between people.
B)Wundt opened the first laboratory devoted to the scientific study of psychology.
C)Freud developed psychoanalytic theory and therapy.
D)it was discovered in the early 1900s that many illnesses have no medical basis.

Question 12

Freud was the founder of

A)existential psychology.
B)behavioural psychology.
C)psychoanalysis.
D)behaviourism.

Question 13

Titchener was a member of the ___________ school of thought.

A)structuralist
B)functionalist
C)behaviourist
D)reductionist

Question 14

Steve,a university student,is seeing a psychologist because of his intense fear of people.His counsellor feels that Steve's fear is a product of unresolved conflicts about his parents and his childhood experiences with them.Steve's therapist is most characteristic of which school of psychology?

A)behaviourism
B)psychoanalytic
C)humanistic
D)Gestalt

Question 15

Freud believed that many psychological problems were the result of

A)feelings and emotions repressed during childhood.
B)genetic factors.
C)organic disturbances.
D)the identity crises.

Question 16

The first psychology laboratory was founded by

A)Wundt.
B)James.
C)Titchener.
D)Watson.

Question 17

Which claim is falsifiable?

A)Men are more physically aggressive than women.
B)A weak superego is at the root of psychopathy.
C)Bad things happen to bad people because of karma.
D)Introspection is a valid approach to studying sensation.

Question 18

Proponents of speed-reading courses hold stubbornly to their beliefs,despite contradictory evidence.Which aspect of pseudoscience is being characterized?

A)intolerance of ambiguity
B)reliance on emotional evidence
C)lack of self-correction
D)absence of connectivity

Question 19

Which aspect of the mind held the greatest fascination for Freud?

A)the preconscious mind
B)the conscious area
C)suppressions
D)the unconscious

Question 20

Dr.Siela claims that all humans have invisible souls that guide their behaviour.Which principle of a good scientific theory is most important to consider when evaluating this claim?

A)replicability
B)Occam's razor
C)ruling out rival hypotheses
D)falsifiability

Question 21

Cognitive psychologists are a subgroup of experimental psychologists who are concerned primarily with

A)neurobiological events that underlie behaviour.
B)the function of age on behaviour.
C)mental events that intervene between stimuli and responses.
D)how people are affected by social situations.

Question 22

Psychologists stopped relying on the method of introspection as their primary research tool because

A)they wanted to study mental processes rather than observable behaviour.
B)results were inconsistent across labs.
C)laboratory research was replaced by field research.
D)the technique did not provide useful information for therapists.

Question 23

The __________ psychological school asks,"What are mental processes for?" rather than "What are mental processes?" .

A)structuralist
B)functionalist
C)humanist
D)Gestalt

Question 24

___________________ emphasizes that humans are positively motivated and progress toward higher levels of functioning.

A)Humanistic psychology
B)Psychoanalytic theory
C)Social learning theory
D)Trait theory

Question 25

Studying the elements of sensations,feelings,and images is most directly associated with which school of psychology?

A)structuralism
B)functionalism
C)behaviourism
D)humanism

Question 26

A psychologist bases their theories completely on measuring observable behaviours.This psychologist is probably a

A)humanist.
B)behaviourist.
C)structuralist.
D)functionalist.

Question 27

Which of the following approaches is based on the premise that people naturally strive to reach their potential and lead a fulfilling life?

A)psychoanalytic
B)behavioural
C)humanistic
D)biomedical

Question 28

__________ believed humans have a natural motivation to reach their highest potential.

A)Maslow
B)Skinner
C)Adler
D)Jung

Question 29

In Gestalt psychology,the focus is on

A)changing overt behaviour.
B)becoming more aware of the self.
C)resolving repressed conflicts.
D)fulfilling personal potential.

Question 30

Genuineness,empathy,unconditional positive regard,and self-growth are all associated with ________ therapy.

A)Gestalt
B)humanistic
C)cognitive
D)behavioural

Question 31

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow were

A)behaviourists.
B)psychoanalysts.
C)humanists.
D)cognitivists.

Question 32

The primary method of investigation used by structuralists was

A)natural observation.
B)dream interpretation.
C)introspection.
D)experimentation.

Question 33

Cognitive psychologists are concerned with the scientific study of

A)reinforcement.
B)alienation and apathy.
C)mental processes.
D)self-actualization.

Question 34

What word describes the method of investigation used by Wundt?

A)structuralism
B)psychoanalysis
C)functionalism
D)introspection

Question 35

Psychology is said to have begun when

A)medicine was seen to be ineffective in treating neurosis.
B)Wilhelm Wundt started the first psychological laboratory.
C)Sigmund Freud opened his private practice in Vienna.
D)it was discovered in the early 1900s that many illnesses have no medical basis.

Question 36

In the late 20th century,psychology

A)expanded dramatically.
B)stagnated.
C)contracted slightly.
D)contracted dramatically.