Deck 13: C: Social Psychology

Question 1

________ occurs when an individual,who is part of a larger group,puts forth less effort than other group members.

A)Social facilitation
B)Social loafing
C)Groupthink
D)Discrimination

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The chameleon effect occurs when individuals

A)unconsciously copy the behaviour of those around them.
B)intentionally copy the behaviour of others to try to 'fit in.'
C)show an improvement in performance in the presence of others.
D)unquestioningly follow the demands of an authority figure.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Wilhelm doesn't follow sports,but he agrees to go to a football game with a friend.Because he is unfamiliar with the rules,Wilhelm watches the other spectators around him carefully to see when they clap,stand,cheer,and boo and then copies their behaviour.Which strategy is Wilhelm using?

A)groupthink
B)social facilitation
C)mimicry
D)obedience

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Imitating the behaviour of one individual is called _____________,whereas changing your behaviour to fit in with a group is called _____________.

A)mimicry;conformity
B)conformity;mimicry
C)obedience;conformity
D)conformity;obedience

Question 5

Social facilitation is most likely to occur when individuals

A)have had relatively little practice.
B)are engaging in complex tasks.
C)are learning a task for the first time.
D)have mastered the task they are performing.

Question 6

Taking on the behaviours,emotional displays,and facial expressions of others,is known as

A)mimicry.
B)obedience.
C)groupthink.
D)social facilitation.

Question 7

You and your group have had four weeks to complete a group project for your economics class.You are now four days away from the due date,and you and one other group member have been putting in all of the time and effort.The other two members come occasionally to group meetings and do the minimal work required.This unfortunate situation is known as

A)social facilitation.
B)groupthink.
C)social loafing.
D)the chameleon effect.

Question 8

Which of the following is true about conformity?

A)Conformity is often a conscious decision.
B)Conformity is always caused by the desire to be liked by others.
C)Conformity cannot be studied in the laboratory.
D)People tend to be less likely to conform when responses are made publicly.

Question 9

Which of the following is a decision-making process in which group members avoid arguments and strive for agreement?

A)deindividuation
B)social loafing
C)obedience
D)groupthink

Question 10

Ginger's new roommate tends to wink a lot at the end of sentences to indicate that she is joking.After living together for a few weeks,Ginger unconsciously begins to wink when she makes a joke.This is an example of

A)cognitive dissonance.
B)the chameleon effect.
C)social facilitation.
D)groupthink.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT likely to lead to social loafing?

A)knowing that the group's performance will be rewarded
B)taking on a complex or challenging task
C)feeling as though one's contributions will not help the group
D)feeling as though others in the group are not pulling their weight

Question 12

Doni enters an elevator and stands facing the back instead of turning around to face the elevator door.In this example,Doni is violating

A)the rules of conformity.
B)the mandates of authority.
C)a social norm.
D)a chameleon effect.

Question 13

________ can occur when individuals are more concerned with maintaining group harmony than expressing their true ideas.

A)Social facilitation
B)Groupthink
C)Social loafing
D)Bystander effect

Question 14

In general,if an individual mimics aspects of our behaviour,we tend to

A)like them less.
B)categorize them as belonging to an outgroup.
C)like them more.
D)become irritated.

Question 15

According to the textbook,one of the situations that produces more mimicry than others is when an individual

A)is hanging out with old friends.
B)is performing a familiar task.
C)dislikes the person with whom they are interacting.
D)wants to make a good impression.

Question 16

What is the term for an improvement in performance caused by the perception that others are watching?

A)groupthink
B)chameleon effect
C)social facilitation
D)bystander effect

Question 17

People tend to be more likely to conform when

A)the group is comprised only of males.
B)there are only strangers around.
C)the task is clear and simple.
D)there are friends of family nearby.

Question 18

The guidelines for how to behave in social contexts are called

A)group dynamics.
B)rules of conformity.
C)social norms.
D)mandates of authority.

Question 19

Marco has been running each afternoon trying to beat his college's record for the 400-metre sprint.Despite all his practising,he hasn't been able to come in under his usual time.There's a big fan turnout for the track meet on Saturday against the rival school and Marco not only beats the old record,but surpasses it.Marco's behaviour illustrates

A)social facilitation.
B)groupthink.
C)social loafing.
D)the bystander effect.

Question 20

In the experiments conducted by Solomon Asch,what was the main task that subjects had to perform?

A)pretend they were prison guards
B)identify line lengths
C)help a stranger in distress
D)deliver electric shocks to 'learners'

Question 21

_______ found that normal people in normal times will often follow orders to hurt innocent people.

A)Solomon Asch
B)Kurt Lewin
C)Carolyn Sherif
D)Stanley Milgram

Question 22

A car crash woke John from his afternoon nap.When he looked out his apartment window,he saw several people milling around two smashed cars.He decided not to dial 911 because he assumed someone had already called.John's reaction is an example of

A)the bystander effect.
B)social loafing.
C)obedience to authority.
D)conformity to social norms.

Question 23

___________ is likely to lead to an actual change in beliefs,rather than simply acting a certain way but maintaining conflicting beliefs.

A)Groupthink
B)Normative influence
C)Social loafing
D)Informational influence

Question 24

Stanley Milgram conducted one of the most well-known studies on

A)conformity.
B)bystander apathy.
C)the effects of violent media.
D)obedience to authority.

Question 25

What does the Stanford Prison Study tell us about the relationship between social roles and behaviour?

A)People who are naturally aggressive and authoritarian seek out social roles that allow them to behave in this way.
B)"Good"people will refuse to behave according to the norms of a social role if they are required to be harsh or abusive to other people.
C)When people are placed in social roles with a lot of power,their behaviour often changes to fit their new role.
D)Inmates naturally take on different social roles in a prison,with some becoming aggressive and authoritarian,while others become passive and submissive.

Question 26

On a hot summer afternoon,Jamila and her friends are relaxing on her porch.Although Jamila would like to stay on the porch all afternoon,she thinks her friends might prefer to drive to the local waterpark.All of her friends would actually prefer to spend their afternoon on the porch,but each assumes that the others would prefer to go to the waterpark,so they all agree that they should go.This scenario demonstrates the concept of

A)social loafing.
B)pluralistic ignorance.
C)social facilitation.
D)diffusion of responsibility.

Question 27

___________ influence results from wanting to fit in,while _________ influence occurs when one feels as though the group is giving them useful guidance.

A)Informational;normative
B)Normative;groupthink
C)Normative;informational
D)Authoritarian;insightful

Question 28

Complying with instructions or orders from an individual who is in a position of authority is called

A)mimicry.
B)conformity.
C)groupthink.
D)obedience.

Question 29

The Stanford Prison Study demonstrates how a person's _______________ affect(s)their behaviour.

A)social role
B)moral values
C)implicit beliefs
D)explicit beliefs

Question 30

The _________ describes the phenomenon that occurs when people are less likely to aid a person in trouble if there are other people around.

A)bystander effect
B)social loafing effect
C)groupthink effect
D)apathy effect

Question 31

Lyndsey used to consume animal products like meat and cheese.However,after spending time with a local vegan activist group,she felt as though the information she was learning about the impact on the environment was too important to ignore.Eventually,Lyndsey fully adopted a vegan lifestyle.Lyndsey's change in behaviour is an example of

A)normative influence.
B)informational influence.
C)groupthink.
D)bystander effect.

Question 32

In the famous experiment conducted by Solomon Asch,the concept of _______ was explored.

A)diffusion of responsibility
B)social loafing
C)groupthink
D)conformity

Question 33

__________ describe the specific set of expectations placed on an individual in a specific position,such as 'doctor,' 'policeman,' or 'politician.'

A)Social norms
B)Explicit biases
C)Social roles
D)Implicit biases

Question 34

Talal disagrees with many of the policies of the Conservative Party;however,most of Talal's friends support the party.Talal wants to fit in so he attends rallies in support of the Conservatives and when in public,makes statements that align with their platform.Talal's behaviour demonstrates the effect of _________ on behaviour.

A)normative influence
B)informational influence
C)groupthink
D)bystander effect

Question 35

In the Stanford Prison Study,male college students agreed to participate in a two-week experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards.The researchers found that

A)both prisoners and guards quickly fell into their roles and behaved accordingly.
B)the majority of participants who were assigned to be prisoners,rebelled against the guards,refusing to follow their demands.
C)the majority of guards engaged in fair and ethical treatment of the prisoners.
D)when participants knew they were part of a study with no 'real-world' implications,they had difficulty taking on assigned roles.

Question 36

At a crowded park,Minera sees an old man clutching his heart and stumbling.Minera assumes that someone else will help the old man and walks past without helping.Minera's behaviour is an example of

A)normative influence.
B)social loafing.
C)diffusion of responsibility.
D)groupthink.

Question 37

If you're like ___ percent of participants in the original Asch study,you would conform to the incorrect norm at least once during testing.

A)45
B)55
C)65
D)75

Question 38

The majority of players on the men's varsity football team consider themselves feminists.However,when they joke around in the locker room many of them make crude or discriminatory comments about women because they think that their teammates find them funny.The players' behaviour in this situation is an example of

A)social loafing.
B)diffusion of responsibility.
C)social facilitation.
D)pluralistic ignorance.

Question 39

Nabila was at a busy grocery store when she and many others saw a woman being forced into a car in the parking lot.She stopped to stare,acknowledging that this woman needed to be helped.She assumed that she was not the only one who noticed this happening and that someone had likely already called the police to help the woman.Nabila's decision not to call for help can be best explained by

A)groupthink.
B)the diffusion of responsibility.
C)social facilitation.
D)the fundamental attribution error.

Question 40

The Kitty Genovese case is a famous example of

A)social loafing.
B)groupthink.
C)the bystander effect.
D)obedience to authority.

Question 41

Before Stanley Milgram conducted his study on obedience,he asked a number of psychiatrists and psychologists how many people would go all the way to the highest voltage under the instructions of the authority.Milgram found that

A)the experts accurately predicted that about 45 percent of the participants would inflict what they thought were dangerous amounts of shock.
B)the experts accurately predicted that about 65 percent of the participants would inflict what they thought were dangerous amounts of shock.
C)the experts greatly underestimated how many participants would inflict what they thought were dangerous amounts of shock.
D)the experts greatly overestimated how many participants would inflict what they thought were dangerous amounts of shock.

Question 42

Janis,an administrative assistant at a large firm,is trying to find reasons for her boss' hostile behaviour.She is likely to

A)underestimate her boss' personality traits and overestimate the influence of the situation.
B)assume that her boss' behaviour corresponds to work demands.
C)consider her boss' personality traits and the current situation.
D)overestimate her boss' personality traits and underestimate the influence of the situation.

Question 43

The fundamental attribution error refers to the tendency of people to

A)overestimate the role of situational factors in the behaviour of others.
B)overestimate the role of dispositional factors in the behaviour of others.
C)overestimate the role of situational factors in their own behaviour.
D)overestimate the role of dispositional factors in their own behaviour.

Question 44

__________ processes are unconscious,fast,and automatic,whereas_________ processes are slower,intentional and within our conscious awareness.

A)Explicit;implicit
B)Implicit;explicit
C)Conformity;obedience
D)Obedience;conformity

Question 45

In social psychology,the term "person perception" refers to

A)a set of beliefs about a group of people.
B)the emotional concern one individual has for another's well-being.
C)the act of attributing an individual's behaviour to some intrinsic quality or personality trait.
D)the processes by which individuals form judgments and categorize other people.

Question 46

William,a police officer,is instructed by a superior officer to physically harm a suspect in order to obtain a confession.According to research done on obedience,William is more likely to disobey this order if

A)the superior officer is in the room with William and the suspect.
B)another senior officer agrees that William should hurt the suspect.
C)the suspect asks William to stop.
D)William's partner refuses to physically harm the suspect.

Question 47

Assuming that others hold similar attitudes and opinions as our own,even if we know they are not popular,is known as

A)naïve realism.
B)person perception.
C)stereotyping.
D)the false consensus effect.

Question 48

Callie does poorly on an exam in one class but does very well on an exam in another class.She attributes her poor performance on the first exam to the fact that the professor is not a very good instructor.In contrast,she attributes her good performance on the second exam to the fact that she is a good student.This is most likely an example of

A)the self-serving bias.
B)stereotyping.
C)deliberative thought.
D)the fundamental attribution error.

Question 49

When Milgram and his team set up several variations of his original study,they found that people were more likely to disobey when

A)the experimenter wore a white lab coat instead of street clothes.
B)a confederate acting as another teacher refused to comply.
C)a second experimenter agreed the experiment should continue.
D)they were only asked to read the word-pairs,but someone else had to deliver the shocks.

Question 50

According to the self-serving bias concept,we tend to use ______________ attributions for ourselves when we do something well,and_______________ attributions when we fail or commit errors.

A)external;internal
B)internal;external
C)dispositional;internal
D)external;situational

Question 51

Thad believes Callum is a jerk,so Thad ignores Callum and does not invite him to any of his parties.Callum begins to be rude to Thad and talks about him behind his back.Assuming Callum's behaviour is only a reaction to how Thad treated him in the first place,this is an example of

A)external attribution.
B)a self-fulfilling prophecy.
C)stereotyping.
D)scapegoating.

Question 52

Which of the following is a valid conclusion from the studies discussed in your textbook that used the thin-slice of behaviour technique to investigate quick judgments about the personal qualities of others?

A)Quick judgments are generally more accurate than judgments based on more information.
B)Judgments based on a lot of information are generally more accurate than judgments based on "thin slices."
C)Quick judgments and those made with more information are remarkably similar.
D)Quick judgments tend to be more negative than judgments based on more information.

Question 53

Our impressions of people tend to be formed

A)within seconds of meeting them.
B)after approximately 30 minutes of interaction.
C)after at least three separate encounters.
D)very slowly over multiple interactions.

Question 54

The __________ is a phenomenon in which people make an attribution based on character,while simultaneously ignoring situational factors.

A)self-serving bias
B)naïve realism effect
C)false consensus error
D)fundamental attribution error

Question 55

When people are trying to find reasons for someone else's behaviour,they tend to

A)ignore dispositional attributions in favour of situational attributions.
B)assume that people's behaviour corresponds to the context.
C)think carefully about personality traits and the situation to derive an explanation.
D)overestimate personality traits and underestimate the influence of the situation.

Question 56

About ____ of all participants in Milgram's study administered the highest level of shock to the learner.

A)10%
B)25%
C)50%
D)65%

Question 57

Which statement best describes an important finding of Milgram's classic research?

A)Individuals easily conform to group norms.
B)The presence of other people makes aggression more likely.
C)People will easily obey an authority figure and do harm to others.
D)Agreeing to a small request makes it more likely you will agree to a big request.

Question 58

The tendency to give too much emphasis to personal factors when accounting for other people's actions is called

A)the self-serving bias.
B)false consensus error.
C)the fundamental attribution error.
D)naïve realism effect.

Question 59

When interpreting behaviour,if a social psychologist takes both conscious and unconscious processes into account,they are said to be using a(n)

A)dual-process model.
B)whole-person approach.
C)person-centred approach.
D)humanistic approach.

Question 60

Augustus believes that dogs are the best pet.Most of Augustus' friends also think that dogs are the best pet.In Augustus' opinion,people who think otherwise are deluded and wrong.Augustus' skewed perception of reality is known as

A)false consensus.
B)implicit bias.
C)naïve realism.
D)fundamental attribution error.

Question 61

Chang is watching television when an ad about climate change comes on.Normally,he doesn't pay much attention to these ads,but this time the ad features his home city of Victoria,BC.The ad's focus on Chang's city has a significant impact on him and he decides to sign up for his local environmental group to try and help out in any way he can.The idea that the ad impacted Chang due to its focus on something meaningful/close to him,is an example of the

A)identifiable victim effect.
B)peripheral route of persuasion.
C)indirect route of persuasion.
D)construal-level theory.

Question 62

Which of the following is a critique of the Implicit Associations Test (IAT)discussed in your textbook?

A)The IAT measures explicit prejudice,not implicit prejudice.
B)The IAT measures implicit discrimination,not implicit prejudice.
C)The IAT may measure familiarity with stereotypes,rather than prejudice.
D)The IAT does not produce reliable or consistent results.

Question 63

A belief about the characteristics of members of a group that are applied generally to most members of the group is known as a(n)

A)fundamental attribution error.
B)prejudice.
C)stereotype.
D)self-serving bias.

Question 64

Groups that we identify with and feel close to,are known as ________,while groups that we feel we have little in common with are considered _______.

A)ingroups;outgroups
B)outgroups;ingroups
C)explicit groups;implicit groups
D)implicit groups;explicit groups

Question 65

When trying to understand why some strategies,like the identifiable victim technique are effective at persuading individuals,psychologists often rely on dual-process models.One system,which relies on intuition and feeling,is known as the ________ system,while the other system,known as the _______ system is based on understanding and reasoning.

A)analytic;experiential
B)experiential;analytic
C)explicit;implicit
D)logical;emotional

Question 66

There are two alternative pathways to persuading others.One leads us to evaluate the merits of the persuasive arguments carefully and thoughtfully.This is known as the

A)central route.
B)peripheral route.
C)indirect route.
D)engaging route.

Question 67

There are two alternative pathways to persuading others.One leads us to respond to persuasive arguments on the basis of quick judgments.This is known as the

A)central route.
B)peripheral route.
C)direct route.
D)evidence-based route.

Question 68

Aleta is looking at a stack of applications for the open position she has at her bakery.She called all of the applicants to ask them 'follow-up' questions about their application.Aleta wasn't concerned with their responses to her questions,but instead wanted to know who had an accent so she could put those applications in the "no" pile.Aleta's behaviour is an example of

A)prejudice.
B)cognitive dissonance.
C)discrimination.
D)the fundamental attribution error.

Question 69

__________ describes a person's beliefs about a group of individuals,whereas ________ refers to the outward behaviour based on those beliefs.

A)Discrimination;aggression
B)Stereotypes;discrimination
C)Prejudice;discrimination
D)Discrimination;prejudice

Question 70

Interacting with members from outgroups is known to be a highly effective method for combatting prejudice.This concept is known as

A)person-centred therapy.
B)the contact hypothesis.
C)discrimination defence.
D)implicit bias reversal.

Question 71

Nabila can't decide whether to bother getting a flu shot.She doesn't like to wait in line and almost never gets the flu anyway.However,after reading a pamphlet outlining all the benefits,the decreased severity of symptoms,and the evidence in support of receiving a flu shot,Nabila decides it's a good idea and gets the vaccine.In this example,Nabila made her decision based on the __________ of persuasion.

A)central route
B)peripheral route
C)indirect route
D)engaging route

Question 72

Lucy is the hiring manager for a large company.She has never said anything negative about Hispanics,and honestly believes that everyone should be given an equal chance.Despite this,Lucy almost never hires Hispanics.Her behaviour might be explained by

A)implicit prejudice.
B)self-serving bias.
C)explicit prejudice.
D)naïve realism.

Question 73

Hank is a Toronto Maple Leafs fan.Although he doesn't realize it,Hank tends to assume other Leafs fans are generally good people.This is an example of

A)the fundamental attribution error.
B)self-serving bias.
C)discrimination.
D)ingroup bias.

Question 74

Malcom wants to raise as much money as possible to help the victims of a local town that was destroyed by wildfires.Which of the following strategies is most likely to result in the largest donations?

A)explaining that 2400 buildings were destroyed,including many residential homes
B)describing that the fire spread across nearly 1.5 million acres of land before being contained
C)describing the story of 3-year-old Gilly,who lost her house and most of her belongings
D)explaining that close to 2000 people were left homeless due to the damage caused by the fire

Question 75

________ involves making a small request before asking for a bigger one.

A)The foot-in-the-door technique
B)The door-in-the-face technique
C)The low-ball technique
D)The bait-and-switch technique

Question 76

When Sam went looking for a new car,he met a beautiful saleswoman who described the curves of the car and how good Sam would look driving it.She did not mention the poor gas mileage,high price,or poor road performance.Sam made a snap decision to buy the car from the persuasive saleswoman.In this example,Sam was likely persuaded through the

A)central route.
B)peripheral route.
C)direct route.
D)evidence-based route.

Question 77

Cynthia has recently begun a career with a Jewish-based agency.Up until this point in her life,she had not had any interaction with anyone who was Jewish.Based on the individuals she works with,she has found them to be a very close knit group who care for their own folks in the community who may need assistance.Additionally,she has found them to be very educated and assertive.Cynthia now holds the view that all Jewish people are the same: educated,close knit within their own group,assertive,and caring toward other Jewish folks who need help.Cynthia's view represents

A)the ingroup perspective.
B)social facilitation.
C)a stereotype.
D)discrimination.

Question 78

Which of the following is NOT one of the methods of the peripheral route of persuasion listed in the textbook?

A)reciprocity
B)authority
C)creativity
D)consistency

Question 79

According to the elaboration likelihood model (ELM),if either __________ or ___________ is/are missing,people are unlikely to be persuaded by facts and substance.

A)reward;punishment
B)emotional pleas;personal connections
C)serious threats;scientific evidence
D)motivation;opportunity for careful processing

Question 80

When trying to convince his mom that the family should adopt a new puppy,Abdullah explained both the pros and the cons of getting a new pet.He then followed up all the cons with solutions as to why they won't be major issues.This method of presenting both sides of the story (pros and cons)is known as

A)the identifiable victim technique.
B)the central route of persuasion.
C)the foot-in-the-door technique.
D)attitude inoculation.