Deck 12: E: Personality

Question 1

Ancient scholars believed in the theory of humourism,which postulated that personality was controlled by the

A)date and time of a person's birth.
B)shape and contours of a person's skull.
C)balance of four fluids in the body.
D)balance of the right and left hemispheres of the brain.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Daniel's psychiatrist shows him a series of ambiguous pictures and asks Daniel to tell a story about what he sees.When Daniel asks about the test,his psychiatrist explains that it is called the

A)Rorschach inkblot test.
B)Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).
C)Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).
D)figure-drawing test.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Research into animal personalities suggests that

A)unlike human personality traits,animal personality traits have no genetic basis.
B)humans are the only animals who have true emotions.
C)the Big Five personality traits can be observed only in primates.
D)the Big Five personality traits occur in many different types of animals.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What do twin studies indicate about the role of genes in personality?

A)Heredity plays an important role in personality.
B)Dizygotic twins are more likely than monozygotic twins to share personality traits.
C)Personality is almost entirely determined by parenting and other environmental factors.
D)Personality appears to be related to two different copies of a serotonin transporter gene.

Question 5

In cartoons,characters are sometimes shown with a devil on one shoulder telling them to do something selfish or immoral,such as stealing or lying,and on the other shoulder,they would have an angel,which would tell the character not to listen to the devil and to act morally instead.In Freudian terms,the angel represents which part of the character's psyche?

A)ego
B)superego
C)id
D)conscious

Question 6

As a response to both behaviourism and psychodynamic theory,Abraham Maslow (among others)initiated a movement called _____,which emphasized the unique and positive qualities of human experience and potential.

A)phrenology
B)humanistic psychology
C)analytical psychology
D)self-actualization

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true about personality traits over the life span?

A)The first signs of personality do not appear until a child is approximately 2 years of age.
B)Early temperament is not a useful predictor of adult personality.
C)Young adults tend to experience more negative emotions compared to adolescents.
D)By middle age,adult personality traits show very little change over time.

Question 8

Kwan comes from an Asian country where the importance of family connections is emphasized and group success is generally considered more important than individual accomplishment.Kwan's culture appears to emphasize which view?

A)individualism
B)collectivism
C)martyrism
D)conformism

Question 9

Some psychologists use a(n)_____ approach to studying personality,which is a person-centred method in which researchers focus on individual people and their unique personalities.

A)nomothetic
B)factor-analysis
C)idiographic
D)idiomorphic

Question 10

Unlike the strict behaviourists' view,Bandura's theory of reciprocal determinism emphasizes the

A)importance of learning.
B)interaction between person and environment.
C)importance of traits.
D)effect of reinforcement based on previous experience.