Deck 3: Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

In what phase is a cell highly active and growing?

A)Anaphase
B)Prophase
C)Metaphase
D)Telophase
E)Interphase

Answer 1

Interphase

Question 2

Which connective tissue cells secrete antibodies?

A)Mast cells
B)Adipocytes
C)Macrophages
D)Plasma cells
E)Chondrocytes

Answer 2

Plasma cells

Question 3

The portion of the nervous system that regulates the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is the:

A)Somatic nervous system
B)Sympathetic division
C)Integrative division
D)Central nervous system
E)Enteric nervous system

Answer 3

Enteric nervous system

Question 4

Where is smooth muscle tissue found in the body?

A)In the heart
B)Attached to the bones
C)Between skin and underlying tissues and organs
D)In the discs between the vertebrae
E)In the walls of hollow organs

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a type of connective tissue?

A)Blood
B)Adipose tissue
C)Reticular tissue
D)Cuboidal tissue
E)Cartilage

Question 6

The depolarizing phase of a nerve impulse is caused by a:

A)Rush of sodium ions (Na⁺ ) into the neuron
B)Rush of Na out of the neuron
C)Rush of potassium ions (K⁺ ) into the neuron
D)Rush of K⁺ out of the neuron
E)Pumping of K⁺ into the neuron

Question 7

In which of the following would articular cartilage and bursae most likely be found?

A)Gomphosis
B)A suture
C)The symphysis pubis
D)The knee
E)A synchondrosis

Question 8

The speed of nerve impulse conduction is increase by:

A)The cold
B)A very strong stimulus
C)The small diameter of an axon
D)Myelination
E)Astrocytes

Question 9

All of the following are characteristics of taste EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)Olfaction can affect taste
B)Three cranial nerves conduct the impulses for taste to the brain
C)Taste adaptation occurs quickly
D)Humans can recognize about 10 primary tastes
E)Taste receptors are located in taste buds on the tongue and roof of the mouth

Question 10

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A)Acetylcholine, parasympathetic nervous system
B)Fight-or-flight, sympathetic nervous system
C)Conserves body energy, parasympathetic nervous system
D)Cholinergic, acetylcholine
E)Norepinephrine, parasympathetic nervous system

Question 11

Moving the femur forward when walking is an example of:

A)Abduction
B)Circumduction
C)Flexion
D)Gliding
E)Inversion

Question 12

Which of the following would NOT be affected by the autonomic nervous system?

A)Heart
B)Intestines
C)Urinary system
D)Skeletal system
E)Reproductive organs

Question 13

Which part of the central nervous system contains centers that regulate the autonomic nervous system?

A)Hypothalamus
B)Cerebellum
C)Spinal cord
D)Basal ganglia
E)Thalamus

Question 14

Which nerve carries most of the parasympathetic output from the brain?

A)Spinal
B)Vagus
C)Oculomotor
D)Facial
E)Glossopharyngeal

Question 15

What part of the brain contains the centers that control heart rate and breathing rhythm?

A)Medulla
B)Midbrain
C)Cerebellum
D)Thalamus
E)Pons

Question 16

Which of the following cranial nerves is NOT involved in controlling the movement of the eyeball?

A)Oculomotor
B)Trochlear
C)Facial
D)Abducens

Question 17

What part of the brain serves as a link between the nervous and endocrine systems?

A)Reticular formation
B)Hypothalamus
C)Pons
D)Brain stem
E)Cerebellum

Question 18

What part(s) of the brain is/are concerned with memory, reasoning, judgment, and intelligence?

A)Sensory areas
B)Limbic system
C)Motor areas
D)Cerebellum
E)Association areas

Question 19

Which of the following pairs is NOT correctly matched?

A)Exteroceptors, monitor external environment
B)Proprioceptors, monitor body position
C)Nociceptors, detect pain
D)Mechanoreceptors, detect pressure
E)Interoceptors, located in the ear

Question 20

Which one of the following statements best describes mucous membranes?

A)Composed of two layers
B)Found in body cavities that open to the body's exterior
C)Located at the ends of bones
D)Found lining the thoracic cavity
E)Capable of producing synovial fluid

Question 21

In a person with blood type A, the isoantibody(ies) that would normally be present in the plasma is (are):

A)Anti-A antibody
B)Anti-B antibody
C)Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies
D)Neither anti-A nor anti-B antibody
E)Anti-O antibodies

Question 22

Which statement about an individual with vitamin K deficiency is TRUE?

A)Blood vessels undergo vascular spasms
B)Thrombosis is stimulated
C)Clotting is inhibited
D)Hemoglobin cannot be produced
E)Nutritional anemia develops

Question 23

All of the following are functions of tears EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)Moisten the eye
B)Wash away eye irritants
C)Destroy certain bacteria
D)Lubricate the eye
E)Provide nutrients to the cornea

Question 24

Which of the following represents pulmonary circulation as the blood flows from the right ventricle?

A)Pulmonary trunk→pulmonary veins→pulmonary capillaries→pulmonary arteries
B)Pulmonary arteries→pulmonary capillaries→pulmonary trunk→pulmonary veins
C)Pulmonary capillaries→pulmonary trunk→pulmonary arteries→pulmonary veins
D)Pulmonary trunk→pulmonary arteries→pulmonary capillaries→pulmonary veins
E)Pulmonary veins→pulmonary capillaries→pulmonary arteries→pulmonary trunk

Question 25

A primary function of erythrocytes is to:

A)Maintain blood volume
B)Help blood clot
C)Provide immunity against some disease
D)Clean up debris following infection
E)Deliver oxygen to the cells of the body

Question 26

Which of the following is a function of lymph nodes?

A)To filter lymph
B)To substitute for tonsils
C)To produce lymph
D)To serve as a primary storage site for blood
E)To produce a protective mucus

Question 27

A thrombus that is being transported by the bloodstream is called:

A)A plasma protein
B)A platelet
C)An embolus
D)A wandering macrophage
E)A reticulocyte

Question 28

All of the following are true of nociceptors except one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)They respond to stimuli that may cause tissue damage
B)They consist of free nerve endings
C)They can be activated by excessive stimuli from other sensations
D)They are found in virtually every body tissue except the brain
E)They adapt very rapidly

Question 29

All of the following are symptoms of Cushing's syndrome EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)"Moonface"
B)Breakdown of muscle proteins
C)"Buffalo hump" on back
D)Twitches, spasms of skeletal muscles
E)Spindly arms and legs

Question 30

The blood vessels that allow the exchange of nutrients, wastes, oxygen, and carbon dioxide between the blood and tissues are the:

A)Capillaries
B)Arteries
C)Venules
D)Arterioles
E)Veins

Question 31

All of the following statements concerning the actions are true EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)Hormones bring about changes in the metabolic activities of cells
B)Target cells must have receptors for a hormone
C)Lipid-soluble hormones may directly enter target cells and activate genes
D)A hormone that attaches to a membrane receptor is termed the first messenger
E)Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a common second messenger in target cells

Question 32

All of the following statements about blood vessels are false EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)Capillaries contain valves
B)The walls of arteries are generally thicker and contain more elastic tissue than the walls of veins
C)Veins carry blood away from the heart
D)Blood flows most rapidly through veins
E)The blood pressure in arteries is always lower than that in veins

Question 33

A patient exhibiting liver failure would tend to have a(an):

A)Higher than normal blood levels of circulating hormones
B)Higher than normal blood levels of local hormones
C)Lower than normal blood levels of circulating hormones
D)Lower than normal blood levels of local hormones
E)Excessive production of releasing hormones

Question 34

What is the purpose of a hematocrit?

A)Determines the five types of white blood cells
B)Determines blood type
C)Determines the percentage of red blood cells in whole blood
D)Determines the platelet count
E)Determines blood clotting

Question 35

The characteristic of arteries that allows them to stretch is:

A)Contractility
B)Vasoconstriction
C)Excitability
D)Vascular resistance
E)Elasticity

Question 36

Which of the following structures refracts light rays entering the eye?

A)Cornea
B)Sclera
C)Pupil
D)Retina
E)Conjunctiva

Question 37

A female who is sluggish, gaining weight, and has a low body temperature may be having problems with her:

A)Pancreas
B)Parathyroid gland
C)Adrenal medulla
D)Ovaries
E)Thyroid gland

Question 38

Transmission of vibration (sound waves) from the tympanic membrane to the oval window is accomplished by:

A)Nerve fibers
B)Tectorial membrane
C)The auditory ossicles
D)The endolymph
E)The auditory (eustachian) tube

Question 39

The ability of the body's immune system to recognize its own tissue is known as:

A)Immunologic escape
B)Autoimmunity
C)Nonspecific resistance
D)Hypersensitivity
E)Immunologic tolerance

Question 40

The cells that attack and destroy foreign agents such as fungi, parasites, cancer cells, and foreign tissues are:

A)T cells
B)Plasma cells
C)B cells
D)Natural killer cells
E)Memory cells

Question 41

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
Your patient has end-stage renal disease and is on dialysis. She is scheduled for a kidney transplantation, and her nephrologist has requested that she receive needed dental treatment prior to the organ transplantation surgery.
What would uremic stomatitis most likely correspond to in the patient in question 47?

A)A rise in blood pressure
B)Hemodialysis
C)A rise in blood urea nitrogen
D)Sodium and potassium retention

Question 42

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
Your patient has end-stage renal disease and is on dialysis. She is scheduled for a kidney transplantation, and her nephrologist has requested that she receive needed dental treatment prior to the organ transplantation surgery.
All of the following are systemic complications associated with renal failure EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)Cardiovascular
B)Neuromuscular
C)Hematologic
D)Diabetes

Question 43

Which of the following is a function of bile?

A)Breaks down sugar in the gallbladder
B)Breaks down carbohydrates
C)Emulsifies triglycerides
D)Is required for the absorption of amino acids
E)Enters the small intestine through the right hepatic duct

Question 44

The purpose of villi in the small intestine is to:

A)Aid in the movement of food through the small intestines
B)Phagocytose microbes
C)Produce digestive enzymes
D)Increase the surface area for the absorption of digested nutrients
E)Produce gastric juice

Question 45

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
Your patient has end-stage renal disease and is on dialysis. She is scheduled for a kidney transplantation, and her nephrologist has requested that she receive needed dental treatment prior to the organ transplantation surgery.
All of the following are functions of the kidney EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?

A)Eliminate waste from blood
B)Release hormones
C)Regulate potassium and sodium levels
D)Regulate digestion

Question 46

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
Your patient has end-stage renal disease and is on dialysis. She is scheduled for a kidney transplantation, and her nephrologist has requested that she receive needed dental treatment prior to the organ transplantation surgery.
Your patient exhibits extreme pallor of the oral mucosa. This is most likely caused by:

A)Decreased production of erythropoietin
B)Uremic stomatitis
C)Lichenoid disease
D)Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Question 47

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
Your patient has end-stage renal disease and is on dialysis. She is scheduled for a kidney transplantation, and her nephrologist has requested that she receive needed dental treatment prior to the organ transplantation surgery.
What is the functional component of the kidney?

A)Neuron
B)Nephron
C)Islet cells
D)Plasma

Question 48

Use Case A to answer The Following questions
CASE A
Your patient has end-stage renal disease and is on dialysis. She is scheduled for a kidney transplantation, and her nephrologist has requested that she receive needed dental treatment prior to the organ transplantation surgery.
Anemia may occur in patients with chronic renal failure. This is because the kidneys cannot produce enough erythropoietin to activate red blood cell production.

A)Both the statement and the reason are correct and related
B)Both the statement and the reason are correct but NOT related
C)The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT
D)The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct
E)NEITHER the statement nor the reason is correct

Question 49

Most chemical digestion occurs in the:

A)Liver
B)Stomach
C)Duodenum
D)Colon
E)Pancreas

Question 50

The smell of your favorite food makes "your mouth water"; this reaction is caused by:

A)Sympathetic stimulation of the salivary glands
B)Mastication
C)Parasympathetic stimulation of the salivary glands
D)Increased mucus secretion by the pharynx
E)The enteric nervous system