Deck 7: Hedonism and Sensory Stimulation

Question 1

Troland (1932) divided stimulation into three categories. Which of the following was NOT one of Troland's categories?

A) antiception
B) neutroception
C) beneception
D) nociception

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The modulation of pain at the gates within the spinal cord is most probably controlled by:

A) growth hormone from the pituitary
B) acetylcholine
C) adrenaline from the adrenal medulla
D) endogenous opiates

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Linda loves ice cream. Troland would classify ice cream as:

A) neutroception
B) sugarception
C) beneception
D) nociception

Answer 3

C

Question 4

According to Troland's classification for stimuli, those which are pleasant are referred to as:

A) antiception
B) neutroception
C) beneception
D) nociception

Question 5

When Linda is enjoying eating ice cream, the reaction is pleasant. Beebe-Center would call this reaction:

A) nociception
B) dull pressure
C) sweet pressure
D) bright pressure

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a pathological pain state?

A) painalgia
B) causalgia
C) peripheral neuralgia
D) phantom limb pain

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of the three properties proposed by Young for the hedonic continuum?

A) power
B) intensity
C) duration
D) sign

Question 8

A number of studies dealing with novelty, curiosity, and exploration have indicated that:

A) novelty and curiosity initiate internal drives, but exploration is motivated by external stimuli
B) changes in the sensory qualities of the environment lead to motivational changes
C) all motivation is the result of physiological changes
D) changes in the internal environment are totally responsible for motivational changes

Question 9

Which of the following statements do not agree with the observations of Berlyne?

A) small changes in arousal are unpleasant
B) small changes in arousal are pleasant
C) arousal is increased by novelty and uncertainty
D) individuals attempt to maintain an optimum level of arousal

Question 10

In Young's hedonic theory, a preference test can be used to measure:

A) power
B) duration
C) intensity
D) sign

Question 11

Philosophers who have been concerned with hedonism do not include:

A) Hobbes
B) Darwin
C) Epicurus
D) Spencer

Question 12

Berlyne suggested that factors such as novelty and uncertainty have motivational properties because they:

A) stimulate curiosity
B) increase arousal
C) explain surroundings
D) produce relaxation

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a term used to describe the motive state generated by external stimuli?

A) curiosity
B) exploratory drive
C) motive state excitement
D) need for stimulation

Question 14

The phrase "If it feels good, do it" is a simple definition for:

A) feedback
B) drive
C) hedonism
D) homeostasis

Question 15

Hebb suggests that moderate changes in arousal are:

A) reinforcing
B) habituated
C) extinguished
D) discouraged

Question 16

In Harlow's study with monkeys manipulating puzzles, the reward was:

A) food
B) water
C) opportunity to socialize with other monkeys
D) opportunity to manipulate the puzzles

Question 17

Melzack and Wall (1965) proposed the _____ theory of pain that emphasized the role of higher brain processes in controlling the experience of pain.

A) causalgia pain
B) endogenous pain
C) gate control
D) regulatory

Question 18

An example of a nociceptive stimulus would be:

A) the smell of a rose
B) a strongly bitter taste
C) a soft sound
D) a pastel painting

Question 19

The best known of modern hedonic theorists is:

A) Spencer
B) Hobbes
C) Young
D) Pfaffmann

Question 20

Josh believes that happiness is obtained by seeking pleasure and avoiding pain. His philosophy represents:

A) free spiritedness
B) homeostasis
C) pleasure drive
D) hedonism

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a subscale of Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale?

A) thrill and adventure seeking
B) enabling seeking
C) experience seeking
D) boredom susceptibility

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a behavioral change that children who are separated from parents go through?

A) elation
B) protest
C) despair
D) detachment

Question 23

In Harlow's surrogate mother experiments with infant rhesus monkeys, which of the following "mothers" was most preferred?

A) terry cloth body
B) wire body with nourishment
C) wire body without nourishment
D) wooden body

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of Suedfeld's REST technique?

A) smoking
B) overeating
C) shyness
D) hypertension

Question 25

Deprivation dwarfism is caused by:

A) a genetic defect of the endocrine system
B) a virus
C) abuse or neglect resulting in decreased growth hormone
D) insufficient food during early development

Question 26

A cognitive interpretation of effects of isolation offered by Bruner includes the idea that:

A) deprivation of varied environments prevent development of models for evaluating information
B) social contact are not important in developing information evaluation models
C) isolation allows for a richer, more varied imagination to develop in children
D) models for evaluating information develop in adulthood

Question 27

Results of the McGill University sensory deprivation experiments show all of the following EXCEPT:

A) adequate sensory stimulation seems to be necessary for efficient human functioning
B) reduced stimulation has aversive effects for most people
C) decreased performance on cognitive tasks occurs during the experiment
D) reduced stimulation was relaxing

Question 28

In studies of attachment, which kind of stimulation did investigators find to be most important?

A) providing contact
B) providing food
C) providing warmth
D) providing movement (rocking)

Question 29

Harlow reported that baby monkeys developed a strong attachment to the _____ mother as a result of the _____ provided.

A) wire; cloth
B) cloth; contact comfort
C) cloth; verbal interaction
D) wire; verbal interaction

Question 30

Many studies of sensory restriction indicate:

A) that sensory restriction is usually a pleasant experience
B) that adults attempt to keep stimulation levels very low
C) that sensory restricted subjects are less reactive than others
D) that lack of adequate stimulation is motivating

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT true about the McGill University sensory deprivation experiments?

A) sensory deprivation consisted of reduction of visual, auditory and tactile stimuli
B) subjects displayed impaired thinking, hallucinations and changes in EEG recordings
C) subjects reported pleasant, dream-like experiences
D) subjects could not tolerate the experimental condition for more than a few days

Question 32

When young children are separated from their parents, they will go through a specific series of behaviors. Which of the following is NOT one in the series?

A) ambivalence
B) protest
C) curiosity
D) detachment

Question 33

The Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS):

A) has proven to be a reliable measure of differences in the level of stimulation that people seek
B) has proven unreliable as a measure of sensation seeking behavior
C) is routinely given as part of IQ tests
D) includes ten subscales in addition to the overall score

Question 34

What is the correct sequence of behaviors observed by Bowlby when children are separated from a parent?

A) detachment, ambivalence, protest, despair
B) arousal, uncertainty, calm
C) protest, despair, detachment, ambivalence
D) despair, protest, ambivalence, detachment

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT true about early sensory restriction?

A) it may result in convulsive behaviors
B) it may change brain functioning from normal
C) it can produce hyperexcitability
D) its effects are brief rather than long-lasting

Question 36

According to Goldberger and Holt, individuals who are emotionally secure:

A) can withstand long periods of stimulus deprivation with no problems
B) are more sensitive to stimulus deprivation side-effects than neurotic individuals
C) show minimal harmful effects due to short term stimulus deprivation
D) can profit from isolation experiences if not protracted or severe

Question 37

In studies of jet pilots, Bennett and others have found all of the following EXCEPT:

A) in adults, sensory deprivation disrupts the information evaluation process
B) jet pilots flying at high altitudes on a straight, level course may become disoriented
C) disorientation is reduced if a person to talk to is present
D) having enough rest prior to flying reduces disruptions

Question 38

Deprivation dwarfism sometimes develops as a result of children being neglected or abused by their parents. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of deprivation dwarfism?

A) apathy
B) lethargy
C) reduced bone growth
D) normal height

Question 39

Which of the following did Riesen not see in his dark-reared cats?

A) hyperexcitability
B) increased likelihood of convulsive disorders
C) lethargy
D) localized motor impairment

Question 40

Harlow found that regardless of which surrogate mother fed the infant, most time was spent with the _____ mother.

A) real
B) cloth
C) adult
D) wire

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT true of people who score high on the Sensation Seeking Scale?

A) tend to be shy
B) are more emotionally expressive
C) are more likely to use drugs
D) tend to have risky vocations

Question 42

High sensation seekers rate situations as _____ risky than do low sensation seekers.

A) more
B) less
C) equally
D)significantly more

Question 43

According to opponent-process theory:

A) the intensity of hedonic state A is reinforced and increased by hedonic state B
B) after an initial peak, hedonic state A is reduced in intensity by hedonic state B
C) hedonic state B quickly decays
D) hedonic state A slowly decays

Question 44

Which of the following has NOT been studied by the opponent-process theory?

A) thrill seeking
B) drug addiction
C) curiosity
D) social attachment

Question 45

Which of the following statements about sensation seeking is NOT true?

A) men show higher sensation seeking
B) sensation seeking decreases with age
C) low sensation seeking is related to being social
D) high sensation seeking is related to taking risks

Question 46

The two most influential factors in sensation seeking behavior are:

A) age and gender
B) previous sensation seeking experience and age
C) extraversion and age
D) introversion and age

Question 47

According to opponent-process theory, habitual drug abusers need higher doses because:

A) their bodies become habituated to the effects of the drugs
B) stimuli associated with use of the drug act to trigger the after-reaction
C) they want to experience greater effects of the drug
D) they want to experience greater after-reactions

Question 48

The study of social attachment conducted by Starr suggests that:

A) sufficient time is necessary for state B to decay for attachment to occur
B) state A must happen enough to prevent state B from decaying for attachment to occur
C) high intensity state A leads to rapid state B decay
D) social attachment is due to increased intensity and duration of state B

Question 49

The opponent-process theory appears to be useful in explaining:

A) drug abuse
B) attachment
C) thrill seeking
D) all of the above

Question 50

A possible explanation based in opponent-process theory for people who enjoy dangerous or frightening activities is:

A) the strong state B which occurs as an after reaction to the activity
B) the strong state A which is generated in the individual by the reaction
C) peer pressure
D) the initial increased arousal caused by fear