Deck 9: Attention As a Limited Capacity Resource

Question 1

The process involved when people direct attention to specific regulatory features in the environment and/or to action preparation activities is known as attention:

A) Capacity
B) Demands
C) Focus
D) Switching

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In Kahneman's model of attention, the instruction to "Watch the ball all the way from the pitcher's hand until it meets the bat" is an example of which allocation policy factor?

A) Effects of arousal
B) Enduring dispositions
C) Evaluation of demands
D) Momentary intentions

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The advantage of fast and accurate visual search while performing a motor skill is that visual search enables the performer to:

A) Anticipate the action required
B) Ignore the timing of the initiation of the required action
C) Monitor his or her own limb movement
D) Perform another task at the same time

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Research has shown that the relationship between eye movement recordings and visual attention is that eye movement recordings:

A) are precise indicators of what a person is visually attending to
B) cannot tell us anything about what a person is visually attending to
C) overestimate what a person is visually attending to
D) underestimate what a person is visually attending to

Question 5

While driving a car on a freeway, experienced drivers typically look:

A) At the speedometer more than novices
B) Into the rear- and side-view mirrors more than novices
C) In a smaller scanning range than novices
D) In ways that are similar to novices

Question 6

Which of the following effects best describe the results of research concerning the effectiveness of general visual training programs for athletes? These programs:

A) Help athletes improve their performance of skills
B) Provide little benefit in terms of performance improvement
C) Work best for novice athletes
D) Work best for highly skilled athletes

Question 7

The research procedure most commonly used to investigate attention-limit issues for motor skill learning and performance is known as the:

A) Attentional focus procedure
B) Dual-task procedure
C) Event occlusion procedure
D) Temporal occlusion procedure

Question 8

A theory of attention capacity that argues against a central capacity limit is the:

A) Dual-task theory
B) Fixed-capacity theory
C) Flexible-capacity theory
D) Multiple-resource theory

Question 9

The term used to describe performing a skill or component of a skill without attention capacity being required is:

A) Attentional focus
B) Automaticity
C) Limited attention capacity
D) Primary task performance

Question 10

Limited-capacity theories that propose more than one central information-processing mechanism, each with its own limited capacity, are called ________ theories.

Question 11

The theory that indicates we select certain cues in the environment during visual search is known as the:

A) Attentional spotlight theory
B) Feature integration theory
C) Flexible attention capacity theory
D) Multiple resources theory

Question 12

The factor in Kahneman's model of attention that influences the available capacity is ________.

Question 13

During the performance of a skill, if a person is distracted by someone saying his or her name, it is an example of the attention capacity allocation policy factor that Kahneman's model called ________.

Question 14

Feature integration theory proposes that we direct an attentional ________ over wide or narrow areas of an environment that must be searched visually when performing a skill.

Question 15

The Kahneman model of attention is an example of which type of limited-capacity theory?

A) Dual-task theory
B) Fixed-capacity theory
C) Flexible-capacity theory
D) Multiple-resource theory

Question 16

The ________ hypothesis proposes better motor skill performance when a person focuses attention on the effects of an action rather than on the movements.

Question 17

The term used to indicate that a person performs a skill without requiring attention capacity is ________.

Question 18

For most physical activities for which visual search is important, skilled performers extract reliable information ________ in time than novices.

Question 19

The process of directing visual attention to locate relevant environmental context cues is known as visual:

A) Attention switching
B) Feedback
C) Information
D) Search

Question 20

Eye movement recordings allow researchers to record information only for ________ vision.

Question 21

According to research studies of putting in golf, skilled golfers typically are not consciously aware of their eye movements during putting.

Question 22

According to motor learning and control research, visual search only refers to active seeking for cues in the environment to respond to.

Question 23

Attention focused on one's own movements typically leads to better skill performance than attention focused on the intended outcome of the skill.

Question 24

The feature integration theory is a prominent theory to explain how we select certain cues in the performance environment and ignore others.

Question 25

The dual-task procedure is commonly used to evaluate whether a person's attention focus is external or internal.

Question 26

The study of attention as it relates to the learning and performance of motor skills involves issues related to the simultaneous performance of multiple activities and the selection of relevant information in the performance environment.

Question 27

Highly skilled free throw shooters in basketball exhibit a final eye movement fixation just prior to releasing the ball that is known as the ________ eye.

Question 28

General vision training programs facilitate the use of effective visual search strategies more successfully than activity-specific visual training programs.

Question 29

Kahneman's model of attention proposes that the mental resources needed to perform activities must come from one central pool that can vary in its capacity.

Question 30

To walk through an environment cluttered with objects that need to be avoided, a person needs to visually ________ on the objects he or she wants to avoid.

Question 31

Research evidence shows that the visual system can search the environment and automatically extract ________ features of the environment.