Deck 8: Psychology of Violence and Intimidation

Question 1

Many of the children at Pineview Middle School are unsure about their school's policy on bullying and do not report threats because they are afraid of repercussions from other students. This illustrates a ______ factor called ______.

A) family; tolerance for disrespectful behavior
B) individual; inequitable discipline
C) peer-related; inflexible culture
D) school-related; code of silence

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A student who receives a note in her locker that states "this school would be better off without you here" has received a ______ school threat.

A) indirect
B) veiled
C) direct
D) conditional

Answer 2

B

Question 3

UCR data indicate that ______ accounts for the smallest share of violent crime, whereas ______ accounts for the largest share of violent crime.

A) burglary; forcible rape
B) assault; nonnegligent homicide
C) rape; simple robbery
D) murder; aggravated assault

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Researchers agree that both ______ factors and ______ factors are important in understanding violence.

A) behavioral; economic
B) individual; environmental
C) passive; active
D) psychological; psychiatric

Question 5

Which category of risk factors represents the best option for preventing school violence?

A) school-related factors
B) individual factors
C) family factors
D) peer-related factors

Question 6

Another term for reactive violence is ______ violence.

A) impulsive
B) expressive
C) provoked
D) instrumental

Question 7

According to the text, human violence is ultimately a ______ behavior.

A) transitional
B) persistent
C) static
D) learned

Question 8

Which of the following is associated with heavy exposure to screen violence?

A) increased fear of becoming a victim
B) an understanding that violence is an ineffective problem-solving strategy
C) increased sensitivity to violence and aggressive behavior
D) the misconception that most people are trustworthy and kind

Question 9

Which statement illustrates a finding from the Safe School Initiative report?

A) The majority of school shooters acted impulsively after an extreme bullying incident.
B) Most school shooters in the United States had easy access to guns.
C) Most school shooters acted alone and did not disclose their plan to others.
D) The majority of first responders in school shootings were law enforcement officers who had relationships with the victims.

Question 10

Research by Woodworth and Porter (2002) found that psychopaths tend to engage in homicides that are ______.

A) reactive and spontaneous
B) expressive and argumentative
C) empathic and intimate
D) instrumental and goal-driven

Question 11

All of the following are examples of behavior that is considered workplace violence EXCEPT ______.

A) threatening to hit a colleague during a staff meeting
B) drinking alcohol on the job
C) pointing a gun at one's supervisor
D) sexually assaulting a coworker in the parking lot

Question 12

According to Huesmann et al. (2003), exposure to media violence seems to have ______ effects on adults and ______ effects on children.

A) short-term; long-term
B) inconsequential; deleterious
C) desensitizing; intermediary
D) intentional; unintentional

Question 13

Which statement best summarizes current statistics on gun violence in the United States?

A) The majority of gun-related deaths are not criminal offenses.
B) The number of firearm homicides is directly proportional to each state's gun safety legislation.
C) Handguns account for the greatest majority of both fatal and nonfatal incidents in the United States.
D) Firearm violence has been substantially decreasing since 1999.

Question 14

According to Shihadeh and Barranco (2010), which change in Latino communities may lead to an increase in violence?

A) an increased participation in the labor force
B) a shift in migration patterns from large communities to less established communities
C) a decrease in the availability of social service programs that target low-income Latinos
D) a decentralization of the Latino nuclear family

Question 15

Which four crimes in the UCR comprise the U.S. violent crime rate?

A) homicide, rape, burglary, and assault
B) murder and nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault
C) forcible rape, statutory rape, murder, and manslaughter
D) assault, burglary, forcible rape, and homicide

Question 16

Which of the following would be considered a neurobiological cause of violent behavior?

A) exposure to lead paint
B) exposure to violent media images
C) exposure to crowded conditions
D) exposure to weapons

Question 17

Which term refers to the tendency to view others through one's own cultural perspective?

A) ethnocentrism
B) sublimation
C) hedonism
D) leakage

Question 18

Hostile attribution bias is to a ______ factor as violent media exposure is to a ______ factor.

A) biological; situational
B) situational; biological
C) cognitive; socialization
D) socialization; cognitive

Question 19

What is the primary difference between violence and aggression?

A) Aggression is present at birth, while violence is a learned behavior.
B) Aggression may not involve force, while violence does.
C) Violence is legal, while aggression is illegal.
D) Violence is psychological, while aggression is physiological.

Question 20

Dylan is a 7-year-old boy who frequently binge-watches violent television shows such as The Walking Dead and Game of Thrones. Which factor will have the greater negative impact on his observational learning over the long haul?

A) Dylan believes the violence is rewarded.
B) The shows are rated as highly violent.
C) Dylan's parents watch the shows with him.
D) The characters walk a thin line between good and evil.

Question 21

The most frequent victims of workplace homicide are ______.

A) police
B) bartenders
C) retail workers
D) postal workers

Question 22

Which individual is at greatest risk for workplace violence?

A) a postal worker
B) a retail worker
C) a correctional officer
D) a high school teacher

Question 23

Negligent supervision and inadequate security are examples of ______.

A) threat assessments
B) employee abuse
C) reasonable accommodations
D) workplace violence litigation

Question 24

The UCR's murder rate is based on ______.

A) police investigations
B) coroners' reports
C) court determinations
D) medical examiner reports

Question 25

Physical workplace violence is classified according to the ______.

A) level of violence involved
B) perpetrator
C) type of business or industry
D) perpetrator's relationship to the workplace

Question 26

All of the following statements accurately describe multiple murderers EXCEPT ______.

A) they are more common than single-victim murderers
B) the media often sensationalizes their crimes
C) until recently, researchers assumed they were similar to single-victim offenders
D) there is sparse empirical research on multiple murderers

Question 27

Compared to single-victim murderers, serial killers ______.

A) are more physically attractive
B) choose younger victims
C) begin killing at a later age
D) kill family members and close friends

Question 28

Lust, thrill, and comfort are associated with which type of serial killer?

A) visionary
B) mission-oriented
C) hedonistic
D) power

Question 29

Classic and family are two types of ______ murder.

A) spree
B) mass
C) serial
D) multiple

Question 30

Which statement about criminal homicide is correct?

A) Most murders also involve some type of sexual assault.
B) Most murders involve more than one victim.
C) Most murders are committed during the course of committing another offense.
D) Most murders are perpetrated against a stranger.

Question 31

The time interval in between killings in a serial murder is called the ______.

A) cooling-off period
B) transitional period
C) intermediary event
D) spree event

Question 32

In 1994, the Hate Crime Statistics Act was amended to include ______.

A) age
B) sexual orientation
C) religion
D) physical and mental disabilities

Question 33

Research has found that compared to the general population, serial killers ______.

A) have a larger amygdala
B) have exceptional interpersonal skills
C) are healthier and more physically fit
D) are clinically mentally ill

Question 34

Why do serial killers rarely use guns to kill their victims?

A) They do not have easy access to guns.
B) They aren't comfortable with violence.
C) They prefer methods that provide control and dominance.
D) They prefer to leave their victims clean for trophy collecting.

Question 35

According to Rosenfeld and Harmon (2002), which two factors are significant predictors of stalking violence?

A) prior criminal history and violent behavior
B) violent threats and drug use
C) presence of mental disorder and prior criminal history
D) age of the stalker and presence of a mental disorder

Question 36

The majority of research on serial killers is based on ______.

A) objective measures
B) case studies
C) empirical analysis
D) surveys and interviews

Question 37

According to Holmes and DeBurger's serial killer typology, which type is driven to kill by delusions or hallucinations?

A) visionary
B) mission-oriented
C) hedonistic
D) power

Question 38

In which year was the first person sentenced for killing a transgender woman under the federal hate crime statute?

A) 1969
B) 1987
C) 1999
D) 2017

Question 39

Which scenario describes the majority of homicide-suicide murders in the United States?

A) a male who kills a female relative and then kills himself
B) a male who kills a stranger in a bar brawl and then kills himself
C) a female who kills her children and then herself
D) a female who kills her batterer husband and then kills herself

Question 40

Which answer choice describes the difference between mass murder and serial murder?

A) Mass murder involves at least five victims, whereas serial murder involves five victims or less.
B) Mass murder involves victims that are known to the perpetrator, whereas serial murder involves unknown victims.
C) Serial murder involves a sexual component, whereas mass murder does not.
D) Serial murder involves a cooling-off period, whereas mass murder does not.

Question 41

There is currently no cyberbullying law in the United States at the federal level.

Question 42

Ted and Gretchen had been corresponding through an online chat room for single parents with diabetes. Last month, Gretchen stopped communicating with Ted due to her busy schedule. Since then, Ted has sent Gretchen numerous threatening direct messages through social media and emailed her a computer virus. Ted seems to be engaging in ______.

A) sexual harassment
B) cyberstalking
C) telecrime
D) workplace violence

Question 43

The SSI found that most school shooters in the United States easily obtained a gun from either their home or the home of a relative.

Question 44

Research suggests that high amounts of bullying and peer aggression are related to high ______.

A) self-esteem
B) isolation
C) emotional intelligence
D) social status

Question 45

Young children are especially susceptible to long-term effects of media violence on aggressive behavior.

Question 46

Gender discrepancies in violent offending are likely due to socialization and biological factors.

Question 47

A hate crime motivated by bias against a person with AIDS would be considered a ______ bias.

A) gender
B) disability
C) sexual orientation
D) religious

Question 48

According to criminal law, murder and manslaughter are the two major levels of criminal homicide.

Question 49

Violence is behavior that is typically acquired in early adulthood.

Question 50

Threat assessment involves the three basic functions of identify, manage, and treat.

Question 51

Data indicate that a majority of hate crimes are motivated by racial bias.

Question 52

The majority of workplace violence incidents end in death.

Question 53

The majority of school shootings have been carried out by one or more students against other students.

Question 54

UCR data indicate that males account for annual arrest rates for murder at a ratio of 9:1 compared to women.

Question 55

Mohandie, Meloy, Green-McGowan, and Williams (2006) concluded that stalkers could be grouped into four categories based on ______.

A) their thinking patterns
B) the length of the stalking behavior
C) their relationship to the victim
D) their motives for stalking

Question 56

The Human Rights Campaign has reported that only one transgender person was killed in the year 2016 in the United States.

Question 57

Emma is a 12-year-old girl who has been watching her friend Mandy get bullied at school. Emma and her friends are worried about Mandy and want to stop the bullying. Given the research on bullying, what would you recommend that Emma and her friends do?

A) ignore the bullying behavior
B) befriend the bully
C) engage in indirect forms of aggression
D) intervene by defending Mandy

Question 58

Ethnic and racial differences in violent crime rates are not due to genetic or biological factors.

Question 59

The most common role of forensic psychologists who work in an employment setting involves de-escalating rampage shooters.

Question 60

Spree murder has received the most research attention in recent years.

Question 61

Identify the four violent crimes reported in the UCR.

Question 62

Compare and contrast violence and aggression. Provide an example of each.

Question 63

List the four main areas of workplace violence litigation. Describe how this litigation impacts the role of forensic psychologists in the workplace.

Question 64

Briefly describe the limitations with the terms school shooting and school rampage.

Question 65

Compare and contrast spree murder, serial murder, and mass murder. What are the reasons the public has so little accurate knowledge of multiple murder?

Question 66

What are the two dominant explanations for gender discrepancies in violent offending?

Question 67

Discuss how the UCR may perpetuate racial stereotypes of criminal violence.

Question 68

Choose one of the causes of violence discussed in the chapter. Explain the cause in detail and include examples in your answer.