Deck 10: Forensic Psychology and the Victims of Crime

Question 1

The Constitution of the United States protects the rights of all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A) suspects
B) defendants
C) victims
D) prisoners

Answer 1

victims

Question 2

Most psychological concepts and theories are based on ______.

A) Freudian treatment
B) Euro-American contexts
C) multicultural research
D) diverse samples

Answer 2

Euro-American contexts

Question 3

Crime that does not come to the attention of police is known as ______.

A) subversive crime
B) the dark figure
C) anonymous statistics
D) tertiary crime

Answer 3

the dark figure

Question 4

Which situation allows a victim to seek a criminal remedy?

A) sexual harassment
B) aggravated assault
C) unnecessary medical procedures
D) wrongful termination

Question 5

Which statement illustrates an important difference between the NCVS and the UCR data?

A) The NCVS includes sexual assault crimes, while the UCR does not.
B) The UCR collects data every 10 years, while the NCVS is conducted semiannually.
C) The NCVS includes crimes not reported to the police, while the UCR does not.
D) The UCR focuses on the dark figure of crime, while the NCVS examines law enforcement statistics.

Question 6

Multiculturalism includes all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A) gender
B) race
C) ethnicity
D) age

Question 7

Society's attempt to recover and restore a victim's financial, physical, or psychological position following a crime is called ______.

A) restitution
B) laudability
C) reparation
D) advocacy

Question 8

Which group has been disproportionately represented among homicide victims?

A) older, Hispanic females
B) young, Black males
C) older, American Indian females
D) young, White males

Question 9

Victimization data continually indicated that ______ of all crimes are not reported to police.

A) 5%
B) 15%
C) 25%
D) 50%

Question 10

Which statement is true about the legal rights of victims?

A) Most victims who exercise their right to allocution are successful at increasing the defendant's prison sentence.
B) Victims in all 50 states have the right to be represented by an attorney during all stages of the criminal process.
C) Most victims are unaware of their legal rights.
D) Victims in all 50 states receive notifications at all stages of the criminal justice process.

Question 11

What was the intent of the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008?

A) to increase public awareness of crime against victims with developmental disabilities
B) to broaden protections for disabled Americans
C) to prevent public employees from abusing the system
D) to provide psychological services to disabled Americans

Question 12

It is estimated that ______ of the U.S. population has some type of disability.

A) 1-6%
B) 7-13%
C) 14-20%
D) 22-30%

Question 13

The first victims' bill of rights was passed in the year ______ in the state of ______.

A) 1950; California
B) 1960; New York
C) 1970; Ohio
D) 1980; Wisconsin

Question 14

Which law denies convicted offenders the right to profit from their crime?

A) Fair Restitution
B) Refutation of Blood Money
C) Ted Bundy Law
D) Son of Sam Law

Question 15

While all five ethno-racial groups identified by the NCVS are diverse, the greatest diversity is among the ______ group.

A) White
B) Black
C) Hispanic
D) Asian

Question 16

A victim's fear of retaliation and belief that an incident was unimportant are two reasons why youth ______.

A) commit suicide after being victimized by a violent crime
B) take the law into their own hands after being victimized
C) seek law enforcement assistance after a crime has occurred
D) do not report violent crime to law enforcement

Question 17

How many states require that a victim be notified if an offender has escaped from prison?

A) Zero
B) Three
C) Fifteen
D) Fifty

Question 18

Restorative justice is closely aligned with the philosophy of ______.

A) mediation
B) retribution
C) formality
D) punishment

Question 19

Which measure of victimization is designed to provide a comprehensive presentation of the nature and extent of child and adolescent victimization in the United States?

A) the National Crime Victimization Survey
B) the National Task Force on Exploitation of Children
C) the Uniform Crime Reports
D) the National Survey of Children's Exposure to Violence

Question 20

Which crime is typically considered a victimless crime?

A) rape
B) homicide
C) illegal gambling
D) human trafficking

Question 21

What is the most lucrative human trafficking enterprise?

A) involuntary domestic services
B) bonded labor
C) forced labor
D) sexual exploitation

Question 22

Most cases of child sexual abuse involve which type of relationship between victim and offender?

A) The offender is an older sibling of the victim.
B) The victim and offender are strangers.
C) The victim and offender often know one another.
D) The offender is a primary caregiver of the victim.

Question 23

Research suggests that rape victims are four times more likely than noncrime victims to ______.

A) be victimized by police
B) have contemplated suicide
C) abuse drugs
D) seek psychological help

Question 24

Complex PTSD and the accumulation of traumatic events are characteristic of many ______.

A) CSEC victims
B) victims of online sexual solicitors
C) homicide victims
D) victims of date rape

Question 25

According to PTSD research, which variable may be the most important in one's psychological reaction to trauma?

A) physical health
B) social support
C) gender
D) ethnicity

Question 26

The impact of criminal violence on victims is best described as ______ and ______.

A) substantial; far-reaching
B) temporary; stressful
C) undocumented; uncontrollable
D) impermeable; irrepressible

Question 27

Research indicates that a disproportionate number of young child homicides are committed by ______.

A) childcare providers
B) adult women
C) adolescent males
D) adult males

Question 28

Why are homicides of young children so difficult to document?

A) The offenders are often skilled at deception and manipulation.
B) They are difficult to distinguish from accidents.
C) They are rare.
D) The crime is too heinous for society to accept.

Question 29

All of the following are reasons that it is difficult to estimate the number of trafficked victims EXCEPT ______.

A) victims are often fearful of retribution
B) victims are often distrustful of law enforcement
C) there is no uniform system for collecting data on the victims
D) there is poor cooperation among international law enforcement agencies

Question 30

Which organization developed the most well-known and utilized model for training of death notifiers?

A) Mothers Against Drunk Driving
B) Alcoholics Anonymous
C) National Rifle Association
D) International Critical Incident Stress Foundation

Question 31

Which factor is associated with healthy grieving process following death?

A) finding meaning in the death
B) the ability to detach from the experience
C) a desire to get over the loss and moving forward
D) resuming one's routine immediately after the loss

Question 32

All of the following are identified needs of co-victims following notification of a death EXCEPT ______.

A) an opportunity for venting of emotion
B) calm and reassuring authority
C) vengeance on the perpetrator
D) restoration of control

Question 33

Which term has replaced victim in the sexual assault literature?

A) pseudovictim
B) target
C) globalist
D) survivor

Question 34

Alicia is a 10-year-old girl who was sexually abused by an uncle, is regularly hit by her mother, and has been sexually assaulted by her older brother. Which term accurately describes Alicia?

A) polyvictim
B) vicarious traumatization
C) multiculturalism
D) iatrogenic effect

Question 35

Which activity of human trafficking is considered the most controversial?

A) prostitution
B) domestic servitude
C) bonded labor
D) forced labor

Question 36

Psychologists working with death notifiers must be particularly attuned to ______.

A) the high likelihood of repeated victimization
B) symptoms of burnout
C) threats from the perpetrator
D) the tendency to become too close with the victim's family

Question 37

Which statement about online sexual solicitation is most accurate?

A) The majority of Internet child molesters use trickery to assault children.
B) Most Internet-initiated sex crimes consist of adult men who use the Internet to meet and entice underage teenagers into sexual meetings.
C) Child and adolescent online profiles and other social media channels frequently attract aggressive sexual predators.
D) Increasingly, offenders and traffickers are using the Internet to facilitate the sexual trafficking and exploitation of children.

Question 38

Which of the following statements is an erroneous and harmful conclusion that people often make based on sexual assault data?

A) Victims who don't show evidence of physical injury must have consented.
B) Most victims recover quickly following an assault.
C) All victims of sexual assault are heterosexual females.
D) Victims make mistakes that promote and encourage violence.

Question 39

Which term best defines trafficking?

A) exploitation
B) personalization
C) border
D) movement

Question 40

Sal was an Army lieutenant and the leader of a rifle platoon in World War II. For years after the war ended, he suffered from depression, anxiety, and recurring nightmares of his time in the war. Despite suffering from symptoms for years, Sal has no formal psychological diagnosis. Sal is most likely displaying symptoms of ______.

A) post-traumatic stress disorder
B) commercial sexual exploitation
C) child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome
D) complicated bereavement

Question 41

Why do traffickers often select children who are most vulnerable?

A) Vulnerable children are easier to control.
B) Vulnerable children display sexual knowledge that is beyond their level of development.
C) Vulnerable children will not be missed by family members.
D) Vulnerable children are often resilient.

Question 42

The prevalence of PTSD is twice as high for men as it is for women.

Question 43

Most victims exercise their right of allocution.

Question 44

Child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome is another term for complex PTSD.

Question 45

Paroline v. United States (2014) pertained to ______.

A) proper death notification
B) legal rights of victims
C) juvenile sexual assault
D) commercial sexual exploitation of children

Question 46

Victims of crime have only one legal venue for obtaining justice.

Question 47

A fundamental flaw with child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome is that the behaviors may occur in any child who has experienced trauma.

Question 48

The homicide rate of juveniles in the United States is low compared to other developed, industrialized nations.

Question 49

Most Internet-initiated sex crimes consist of adult men who use the Internet to meet and entice underage teenagers into sexual meetings.

Question 50

Successful psychological intervention for victims of sexual exploitation begins with a comprehensive assessment of each child or adolescent victim.

Question 51

Victimization rates of children and adults with disabilities far exceed those of individuals who do not have disabilities.

Question 52

Complicated bereavement differs from normal bereavement in the length and intensity of symptoms.

Question 53

Compared to victims without disabilities, victimization rates of individuals with disabilities are ______.

A) much higher
B) much lower
C) underreported
D) overreported

Question 54

Less than 5% of online sexual solicitors are arrested for violent contact sexual offenses.

Question 55

Compared to individuals who are grieving for the loss of a loved one who died nonviolently, the process of mourning for families of murder victims lasts longer, is more intense, and is more complex.

Question 56

The psychological effects of violence are generally the same across persons and situations.

Question 57

Approximately how many children and adolescents become victims of commercial sexual exploitation in the United States each year?

A) 3,000
B) 13,000
C) 30,000
D) 300,000

Question 58

Most members of minority groups in the United States are undocumented immigrants.

Question 59

Intervention for child survivors of commercial sexual exploitation should begin with ______.

A) immediate treatment
B) comprehensive assessment
C) deprogramming
D) reentry

Question 60

The greater the perceived malevolence of the murder, the higher the stress of those left behind.

Question 61

Identify McIntyre's four stages that are involved in assessing the trafficking experience.

Question 62

Describe the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder.

Question 63

Define child sexual abuse accommodation syndrome and briefly describe the controversy associated with this syndrome.

Question 64

Briefly explain the relationship between monoculturalism and psychology. How may this relationship affect the role of forensic psychologists?

Question 65

Describe the two legal venues available to victims of crime for obtaining justice.

Question 66

Provide an example of how the U.S. Constitution protects the rights of suspects and defendants but not the rights of victims.

Question 67

Summarize the research on homicides of young children.

Question 68

Describe death notification. What do you think the repercussions of a poorly done notification could be for co-victims?

Question 69

How does the diversity of the Hispanic population affect victimization data?

Question 70

Contrast the grieving process for survivors of homicidal death versus survivors of those who died nonviolently.