Deck 7: The Effectiveness of Restorative Justice Practices

Question 1

_______________ boot camps provide a combination of therapeuticprogramming, intensive supervision following release, and an aftercare services component.

A) First-generation
B) Second-generation
C) Third-generation
D) All of the above

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Typically, within residential facilities, staff will tend to play the following role(s):

A) the security
B) the treatment role
C) the auxiliary and/or support role
D) All of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

According to McCollister, French, Inciardi, Butzin, Martin, and Hooper, the goal of the (Therapeutic Community) TC model for drug abuse treatment is _______________.

A) a global change in lifestyle involving abstinence from drugs
B) elimination of antisocial activities
C) the development of employable skills, prosocial attitudes, and values
D) All of the above

Answer 3

D

Question 4

_______________ boot camps included a short military-based program focused on military discipline, physical training, and manual labor but also added a therapeutic programming component that focused on not only addressing individual issues such as anxiety, problem-solving, self-esteem, etc.but also included an intensive supervision component following release.

A) First-generation
B) Second-generation
C) Third-generation
D) All of the above

Question 5

According to Duwe and Kerschner, boot camps were initially based on the premise that _______________ could jolt offenders into reforming their criminal ways.Moreover, by providing early release to program graduates, boot camps were also conceptualized as a means to help alleviate the problem of prison overcrowding.

A) military regimentation
B) strict discipline
C) strenuous physical activity
D) All of the above

Question 6

_______________ are non-confining residential facilities that are utilized as
Alternatives for adjudicated adults or juveniles who are not appropriate for probation and/or who need a period of readjustment after imprisonment.

A) Halfway houses
B) Community residential treatment centers
C) Restitution centers
D) Work release programs

Question 7

_______________ is the short term of incarceration of an individual followed by a specified term of community supervision in hopes of deterring the offender from recidivating.These sentences usually range between 30 and 90 days with the judge reducing the original sentence and allowing the offender to be released into the community.

A) Split sentencing
B) Shock incarceration
C) Differential association
D) Boot camp

Question 8

According to Duwe and Kerschner, boot camps can, in theory, reduce prison bed space needs in the following way(s):

A) offering program graduates a reduction in time served
B) decreasing the amount of time offenders spend in prison following release
C) All of the above
D) None of the above
Answer: C

Question 9

_______________ are a type of facility that is designed primarily for first-time and/or property offenders.These offenders are required to pay victim restitution and/or provide community service as a means of fulfilling their sentence.

A) Halfway houses
B) Community residential treatment centers
C) Restitution centers
D) Work release programs

Question 10

Intermediate sanctions may involve residential facilities like _______________

A) restitution centers
B) work release centers
C) probation detention facilities
D) All of the above

Question 11

_______________ theory states that crime is learned through associations with criminal definitions.Interacting with antisocial peers is a major cause of crime.Criminal behavior will be repeated and become chronic if it is reinforced.When criminal subcultures exist, many individuals can learn to
Commit crime in one location.

A) Split sentencing
B) Shock incarceration
C) Differential association
D) Boot camp

Question 12

According to your textbook authors, there are actions that administrators can take to increase the chances of success of intermediate sanctions in their jurisdictions.These include:

A) Articulating precisely why a jurisdiction needs intermediate sanctions
B) Establish clear sanctioning goals: referred to as the why of sentencing
C) Making available a continuum of sanctions scaled around one or more sanctioning goals
D) All of the above

Question 13

_______________ are defined as residential facilities for offenders that are either nearing release from prison or are in the initial stages of return to the community.In addition, they also consist of residential facilities that are designed as an intermediate sentencing option prior to prison, typically being applicable to serious probationers.

A) Halfway houses
B) Community residential treatment centers
C) Restitution centers
D) Work release programs

Question 14

With _______________, offenders are sentenced to a term of confinement
Only to be released after a set time and ordered to serve the remainder of their time on probation.The logic behind such action is that the offender will develop a natural dislike of incarceration and will seek to abstain from criminal behavior in hopes of avoiding such unpleasant incarceration.

A) split sentencing
B) shock incarceration
C) differential association
D) boot camp

Question 15

_______________ boot camps were created as a short military-based program focused on military discipline, physical training, and manual labor.

A) First-generation
B) Second-generation
C) Third-generation
D) All of the above

Question 16

A _______________ is typically designed to use some form of strict discipline with rehabilitative measures.

A) split sentencing
B) shock incarceration
C) differential association
D) boot camp

Question 17

_______________ are programs that are designed to equip offenders with the opportunity to seek employment and/or maintain employment, while also engaging in educational or vocational training, as well as other treatment services that might be available at the facility.These programs are often used in replacement of jail sentences.These programs most often provide day and night supervision, job referral services, and counseling for residents.

A) Halfway houses
B) Community residential treatment centers
C) Restitution centers
D) Work release programs

Question 18

Concurrently, federal spending on parole services has _______________ while parole officers' caseloads have _______________.

A) increased; decreased
B) decreased; increased
C) increased; increased
D) decreased; decreased

Question 19

According to your textbook authors, the National Institute of Corrections has defined _______________ as "a range of sanctioning options that permit thecrafting of sentences to respond to the particular circumstances of the offender and the offense; and the outcomes desired in the case."

A) incarceration
B) intermediate sanctions
C) deterrence
D) the death penalty

Question 20

According to Duwe and Kerschner, correctional boot camps first appeared in the United States in the early __________ in Oklahoma and Georgia.

A) 1960s
B) 1970s
C) 1980s
D) 1990s