Deck 11: Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes

Question 1

Which of the following bacterial genera is used for the degradation of environmental pollutants?

A) Actinomyces
B) Streptomyces
C) Corynebacterium
D) Rhizobium
E) Nocardia

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Bergey's Manual contains

A) classification schemes for prokaryotes.
B) treatments for bacterial diseases.
C) recipes for bacterial growth media.
D) genetic sequences of prokaryotes.
E) rules for naming new bacterial species.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following bacterial genera produce(s) endospores?

A) Bacillus
B) Clostridium
C) Lactobacillus
D) both Bacillus and Lactobacillus
E) both Bacillus and Clostridium

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Endospores

A) are bacterial reproductive structures.
B) can be produced when nutrients are scarce.
C) are produced by bacteria, algae, and fungi.
D) are resistant to everything except radiation.
E) can last for only about 100 years.

Question 5

Mycoplasmas are pleomorphic because they

A) have no cell walls.
B) are low G + C Gram-positive bacteria.
C) exhibit snapping division.
D) have sterols in their cytoplasmic membranes.
E) produce endospores.

Question 6

Which of the following bacterial arrangements is the result of snapping division?

A) tetrads
B) palisades
C) strepto-
D) sarcinae
E) staphylo-

Question 7

Which of the following groups of bacteria is named for its resemblance to fungi?

A) Corynebacterium
B) Actinomyces
C) Clostridium
D) Lactobacillus
E) Staphylococcus

Question 8

Which of the following types of microbes might be found in the Dead Sea?

A) hyperthermophiles
B) phototrophic bacteria
C) methanogens
D) actinomycetes
E) halophiles

Question 9

Heterocysts are associated with

A) mycoplasmas.
B) alphaproteobacteria.
C) cyanobacteria.
D) myxobacteria.
E) chlamydias.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT associated with Corynebacterium?

A) palisades
B) Gram-negative
C) binary fission
D) diphtheria
E) snapping division

Question 11

Which of the following diseases is NOT associated with clostridia?

A) tetanus
B) diarrhea
C) gangrene
D) botulism
E) diphtheria

Question 12

Which of the following characteristics does NOT distinguish the archaea from the bacteria?

A) the types of transfer RNA used
B) the rRNA sequences present
C) the deoxyribonucleotides
D) cell wall composition
E) cell membrane composition

Question 13

What bacterial structure is responsible for separating the daughter DNA molecules after replication?

A) cross wall
B) cytoplasmic membrane
C) fimbria
D) spindle
E) cytoskeleton

Question 14

Which of the following groups of bacteria lives in environments similar to those that may have existed on the early Earth?

A) deeply branching bacteria
B) cyanobacteria
C) mycoplasmas
D) thermophiles
E) proteobacteria

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding cyanobacteria is FALSE?

A) They are oxygenic.
B) Many perform nitrogen fixation.
C) They contain chlorophyll a.
D) They may have given rise to mitochondria.
E) Some are motile.

Question 16

The archaea known as halophiles

A) require temperatures above 45C to survive.
B) require salt concentrations of 9% or greater to survive.
C) are members of the phylum Euryarchaeota.
D) are members of the Euryarchaeota and require temperatures above 45C.
E) are members of the Euryarchaeota and require salt concentrations above 9%.

Question 17

The largest known group of archaea is the

A) thermophiles.
B) halophiles.
C) cyanobacteria.
D) methanogens.
E) hyperthermophiles.

Question 18

Low G + C Gram-positive bacteria are

A) Mycoplasma.
B) in the phylum Firmicutes.
C) Clostridia.
D) in the phylum Actinobacteria.
E) in the phylum Firmicutes and include Clostridia and Mycoplasma.

Question 19

Pleomorphic bacteria

A) have a slightly curved rod shape.
B) are flexible.
C) reproduce by snapping division.
D) are roughly spherical.
E) vary in size and shape.

Question 20

Which of the following bacterial genera includes species that protect areas of the body such as the intestinal tract and the vagina from invasion by pathogens?

A) Staphylococcus
B) Listeria
C) Lactobacillus
D) Mycobacterium
E) Corynebacterium

Question 21

The __________ include the genus Aquifex.

A) archaea
B) proteobacteria
C) deeply branching bacteria
D) high G + C Gram-positive bacteria
E) clostridia

Question 22

Which of the following statements regarding pseudomonads is FALSE?

A) They are Gram-negative rods.
B) They are symbiotic with plants for nitrogen fixation.
C) They often contaminate food products.
D) They include Pseudomonas and Azotobacter.
E) They cause urinary tract infections.

Question 23

Which of the following statements regarding mycoplasmas is FALSE?

A) They are low G + C bacteria.
B) They stain Gram-positive.
C) They are pleomorphic.
D) They exhibit a "fried egg" appearance on solid media.
E) They are the smallest free-living cells.

Question 24

Which of the following bacterial genera is useful for sewage treatment?

A) Burkholderia
B) Thiobacillus
C) Neisseria
D) Zoogloea
E) Nitrosomonas

Question 25

Proteobacteria, which are facultative anaerobes commonly found in mammalian intestines, are members of the

A) alphaproteobacteria.
B) betaproteobacteria.
C) gammaproteobacteria.
D) deltaproteobacteria.
E) epsilonproteobacteria.

Question 26

The bacterium Bacillus cereus is

A) an endospore former.
B) a frequent contaminant of milk and meat.
C) responsible for food poisoning from rice.
D) the cause of gastric ulcers.
E) an endospore former responsible for food poisoning from rice.

Question 27

A flexible, spiral-shaped bacterium is called a

A) spirochete.
B) vibrio.
C) coccobacillus.
D) spirillum.
E) sarcina.

Question 28

Unusual cellular extensions called prosthecae are associated with which of the following groups of proteobacteria?

A) alpha
B) beta
C) gamma
D) delta
E) epsilon

Question 29

Which of the following characteristics is the basis for distinguishing classes of proteobacteria?

A) outer membrane carbohydrates
B) cell wall structure
C) G + C ratio
D) ribosomal RNA sequences
E) cytoplasmic membrane lipid composition

Question 30

Which of the following bacterial genera plays an important role in environmental nitrogen cycles?

A) Nitrobacter
B) Rhizobium
C) Azospirillum
D) both Nitrobacter and Rhizobium
E) Nitrobacter, Rhizobium, and Azospirillum

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT associated with bacteria in the genus Streptomyces?

A) the "musty" smell of soil
B) nutrient recycling in soil
C) antibiotic production
D) microbial antagonism
E) protection of plants against caterpillars

Question 32

Members of which of the following genera are the most common sexually transmitted bacteria in the United States?

A) Bacteroides
B) Rickettsia
C) Chlamydia
D) Helicobacter
E) Treponema

Question 33

Microbes growing in boiling hot mineral springs are generally

A) methanogens.
B) halophiles.
C) hyperthermophiles.
D) purple sulfur bacteria.
E) cyanobacteria.

Question 34

The "giant" bacterium Epulopiscium reproduces by means of

A) binary fission.
B) snapping division.
C) budding.
D) sexual reproduction.
E) viviparity.

Question 35

Classification of bacteria into different phyla is based on comparisons involving which of the following?

A) DNA sequences
B) cell wall composition
C) protein sequences
D) both DNA and protein sequences
E) DNA and protein sequences, as well as cell wall composition

Question 36

Prokaryotes of the genus Pyrodictium are

A) endospore formers.
B) intracellular parasites.
C) members of the deeply branching bacteria.
D) halophiles.
E) thermophiles.

Question 37

Bacteria that require hydrogen sulfide are generally members of the

A) green phototrophic bacteria.
B) cyanobacteria.
C) halophiles.
D) methanogens.
E) thermophiles

Question 38

Listeria is responsible for

A) gastric ulcers.
B) contaminated milk and meat.
C) urinary tract infections.
D) tuberculosis.
E) "flesh-eating" bacterial infections.

Question 39

The anaerobic Clostridium species are troublesome pathogens largely because of their capacity for

A) endospore production.
B) rapid reproduction.
C) oxygen production.
D) biofilm production.
E) high salt tolerance.

Question 40

Which of the following genera does NOT include intracellular parasites of other cells?

A) Bdellovibrio
B) Chlamydia
C) Rickettsia
D) Borrelia
E) Legionella

Question 41

Bacteria that use chlorophyll a and engage in oxygenic photosynthesis, just like plants and algae, are called __________.

Question 42

When an endospore germinates, it gives rise to two daughter cells called vegetative cells.

Question 43

Some strains of Staphylococcus aureus can invade the body and cause diseases such as pneumonia and bacteremia.

Question 44

Members of the genus Chlamydia are

A) thermophiles.
B) intracellular parasites.
C) classified with the deeply branching bacteria.
D) endospore-formers.
E) Gram-positive bacteria.

Question 45

The genus Mycobacterium includes species responsible for

A) tuberculosis.
B) urinary tract infections.
C) food poisoning from contaminated dairy products.
D) gastric ulcers.
E) food poisoning from rice.

Question 46

Thick-walled spores produced by some species of cyanobacteria are called ___________.

Question 47

Pseudomonas species are occasional causes of

A) food poisoning from contaminated meat.
B) food poisoning from rice.
C) food poisoning from dairy products.
D) "flesh-eating" bacterial infection.
E) urinary tract infections.

Question 48

Halophiles grow equally well in the presence or absence of high salt concentrations.

Question 49

Most of the methane produced by methanogens is oxidized by other types of bacteria before it affects the Earth's climate.

Question 50

Members of the Streptomyces are environmentally important because they can degrade a wide range of compounds including lignin from trees, chitin and keratin from animals, and latex.

Question 51

One species of the genus Streptococcus is the leading cause of

A) tuberculosis.
B) urinary tract infections.
C) contaminated milk and meat.
D) "flesh-eating" bacterial infections.
E) food poisoning from rice.

Question 52

The majority of archaea are extremophiles.

Question 53

Bacteria that can colonize and spoil meats preserved with high concentrations of salt are called __________.

Question 54

Cocci can be spherical as well as kidney-shaped.

Question 55

The genus Helicobacter is responsible for

A) food poisoning from contaminated meat.
B) food poisoning from rice.
C) gastric ulcers.
D) tuberculosis.
E) urinary tract infections.

Question 56

Myxobacteria exhibit traits, such as cooperation and differentiation, that are not normally observed in prokaryotes.

Question 57

Cyanobacteria contain chlorophyll a and carry out anoxygenic photosynthesis.

Question 58

Mycoplasmas are named for the large quantities of mycolic acid in their cell walls.

Question 59

Regular clusters of cocci that resemble a square are called __________.

Question 60

A bacterial cell that produces an endospore is called a(n) ___________ cell.

Question 61

Compare and contrast methanogens and methane oxidizers, including their roles in the environment.

Question 62

Explain the significance of endospores.

Question 63

The ___________ are a group of Gram-positive bacteria that form branching filaments resembling those of fungi.

Question 64

Describe the major taxonomic divisions of prokaryotic organisms.

Question 65

The ___________ are a group of Gram-negative bacteria that include obligate anaerobes normally found in the intestinal tracts of animals and humans.

Question 66

Unusual structures associated with the alphaproteobacteria that consist of an extension of the cytoplasm surrounded by the cytoplasmic membrane and cell wall are called __________.

Question 67

Explain why it is beneficial for some bacteria to invade host cells, and describe two examples.

Question 68

The infective stage of chlamydia is called the __________ body.

Question 69

Describe the similarities and differences observed among phototrophic bacteria.

Question 70

Slow-growing bacteria in the genus ___________ are able to withstand long exposure to air because of the presence of mycolic acid in their cell wall structure. (Be sure your answer is italicized.)

Question 71

Burkholderia is a common __________ pathogen of patients with cystic fibrosis. .

Question 72

The reduction of nitrogen gas to ammonia is called nitrogen __________.

Question 73

Plant tumors caused by Agrobacterium infections are called ___________.

Question 74

The G+C ratio is a ______ determination used in classifying the different taxa of Gram-positive bacteria.

Question 75

The genus of pathogenic cocci responsible for a wide range of human disease and whose members grow in chains is ___________. (Be sure your answer is italicized.)