Deck 8: Parent Adolescent Interactions

Question 1

Adolescents whose parents are authoritative have which of the following characteristics?

A) Higher levels of depression, loneliness and confusion.
B) Optimistic, empathetic and altruistic.
C) Athletic ability and popularity.
D) Engage in high risk behaviors.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

For adolescents living in Non-Western countries, or those in ethnic minority families in the United States, , _____________ parenting has been associated with positive outcomes.

A) Permissive
B) Authoritative
C) Traditional
D) Permissive

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which one of the following is NOT true of adolescents of indifferent parents?

A) Adolescents whose parents are indifferent tend to be impulsive.
B) Adolescents of indifferent parents have lower rates of behavioral problems than do other adolescents.
C) Delinquency and early sexual involvement are more prevalent among adolescents of indifferent parents.
D) The use of drugs and alcohol is higher among adolescents of indifferent parents.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Because adolescents lack experience with dealing with their own impulses they:

A) Do not deal well with excessive independence.
B) Do not deal well with authoritative parenting.
C) Quickly learn how to avoid risky situations.
D) Embrace their parental values and use them for all decision making.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT true of adolescents' attachment to their parents?

A) Adolescents consistently report that their parents are the most important people in their lives.
B) Adolescents with closer relationships to their parents have been found to have closer relationships to friends and romantic partners.
C) Attachment to parents is not related to adolescents' peer relationships

Question 6

Adolescents whose parents are _____________ have a tendency to be dependent, passive, conforming, less self-assured, less creative, and less socially skilled than other adolescents.

A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Indulgent
D) Permissive

Question 7

Adolescents whose parents have adopted an authoritative approach to parenting tend to be _____________ and have positive relationships with peers and adults.

A) Dependent
B) promiscuous
C) creative and socially skilled
D) All of the above

Question 8

A primary problem that adolescents have when raised by indifferent parents is:

A) Feelings of entitlement and a belief that others owe them something.
B) A need to prove themselves leading to overachieving for attention.
C) High anxiety and withdrawal from social relationships.
D) High levels of aggressiveness and impulsivity.

Question 9

In addition to receiving sufficient parental control and support, adolescents also need:

A) Unsupervised free time.
B) Quality time with their parents sharing leisure activities.
C) Access to financial resources that can be used at their own personal discretion.
D) Opportunities to sleep in late on weekends.

Question 10

Parenting styles other than _____________ have been associated with various negative outcomes for adolescents, depending on the specific parenting style.

A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Indulgent
D) Indifferent

Question 11

Adolescents whose parents are _____________ have a tendency to be dependent, passive, conforming, less self-assured, less creative and less socially skilled than other adolescents.

A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Indulgent
D) Permissive

Question 12

The reluctance of permissive parents to provide adequate guidance and sufficient monitoring contributes to a number of adverse consequences for their adolescent children, such as:

A) Inconsistent academic performance.
B) Excessive reliance on extended family for making moral decisions.
C) More immature and less independent behavior.
D) An increased sense of self-competence.

Question 13

Of the environmental factors that account for variations in adolescent self-esteem, researchers have identified as the most important.

A) physical appearance
B) academic success
C) peer relationships
D) parent-child relationships

Question 14

Adolescents who perceive inconsistency between their parents have been found to be lower on _____________ and academic motivation.

A) self-esteem
B) school performance
C) self-control
D) All of the above

Question 15

The degree to which emotional closeness exists between parents and adolescents is related to:

A) Authoritarian parenting practices that keep adolescents home and off the streets.
B) Traditional parenting practices that demand interdependence of all family members.
C) Whether or not the adolescent perceives that their parents accept them.
D) Cultural expectations and the practice of attending church services as a family.

Question 16

Adolescents who have _____________ parents are more likely than other adolescents to be immature and irresponsible and they tend to conform to their peers and be manipulative of their parents.

A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Indulgent
D) Indifferent

Question 17

The most favorable outcomes for adolescents by American standards) have been associated with the _____________ parenting style.

A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Indulgent
D) Indifferent

Question 18

Adolescents with indulgent parents share similar characteristics as those with permissive parents. Which characteristic is unique to adolescents with indulgent parenting?

A) Manipulative towards others
B) Less independent
C) Immature
D) Less socially responsible

Question 19

An adolescent's self-esteem and positive development is impacted by the _____________ they receive from their parents.

A) Instructions
B) Encouragement
C) financial support
D) All of the above

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT true of what adolescents say about their parents?

A) Adolescents say that parents are the persons that they admire most.
B) Adolescents say that parents are the persons that serve as the primary identification models for them.
C) Adolescents say that parents are among the people to whom they are most closely attached.
D) Adolescents say that parents are the persons whom they consult regarding choices of music and dress.

Question 21

Identity foreclosure, when viewed as being a negative aspect of identify formation, is often found to be a result of:

A) Genetics
B) Cultural Expectations
C) Lack of Parental Support
D) Poor Differentiation from Parents

Question 22

One of the most important ways for parents to send a clear message to their adolescents that they love them and that they believe in them is to _____________.

A) notice the things that adolescents care about.
B) watch TV programs with them.
C) give them advice regarding their choice of clothing.
D) All of the above

Question 23

____________, which consists of parents asking adolescents about their problems and sharing of parental problems with adolescents, is an aspect of parent-adolescent communication that promotes identity development.

A) Diffusion
B) Identity Exploration
C) Co-regulation
D) Bidirectionality

Question 24

Conflicts between parents and adolescents are:

A) Higher during adolescence than during childhood.
B) Lower during adolescence than during childhood.
C) Especially intense between fathers and sons.
D) None of the above.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT true of adolescent depression and adolescent suicide?

A) Since depressed mood is typically a transient experience and does not affect all adolescents, parents don't need to take adolescent depression seriously.
B) Adolescent depression is a risk factor for suicide.
C) Parents need to understand that adolescent suicide attempts are usually preceded by symptoms of depression.
D) Adolescents who experience higher levels of hopelessness during a depressed episode are at increased risk for suicidal behavior.

Question 26

Conditions in the family that contribute to adolescent depressed affect include _____________.

A) Emotional unavailability of parents.
B) High family conflict.
C) Parental divorce.
D) All of the above.

Question 27

The reason for low conflict between adolescents and their parents in traditional cultures is partly due to the _____________ interdependence of parents and children in those cultures.

A) Economic
B) Psychological
C) Social
D) All of the above

Question 28

It is _____________ for parents and adolescents in traditional cultures to engage in the kind of frequent bickering typical of parent-adolescent relationships in the American majority culture.

A) just as common
B) slightly less common
C) much more common
D) rare

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT true of the adolescent quest for identity?

A) Adolescents' greater cognitive capacity for self-reflective thought influences their self-esteem while simultaneously contributing to their quest for identity.
B) The achievement of identity is based on Western values emphasizing the goal of independence which forms the basis of the identity formation theories.
C) Identity achievement consists of being able to establish a clear and definite sense of who one is and where one fits into one's particular culture.
D) Adolescents are better able to explore identity issues in families where disagreements with parent are minimal.

Question 30

Overweight and obesity in adolescents has been related to several factors. Which of the following has NOT been documented as contributing to adolescent obesity?

A) Getting too much sleep
B) Lack of Health Insurance
C) Low-Income
D) Lack of Physical Activity

Question 31

According to Erikson, the issue to be resolved during adolescence is:

A) Initiative versus Guilt
B) Industry versus Inferiority
C) Identity Achievement versus Identity Diffusion
D) Intimacy versus Isolation

Question 32

Professionals working with parents of adolescents need to encourage these parents to:

A) Find ways to send clear messages to their adolescents that they love them and that they believe in them.
B) Exercise parental authority and keep their adolescents home as much as possible.
C) Relax their supervision.

Question 33

Which of the following is true of the identity quest of adolescents in ethnic minority cultures?

A) Identity development of ethnic minority adolescents is likely to be more complicated than is identity formation for adolescents in the American majority culture.
B) African American, Native American, Latino American, and Asian American adolescents need less assistance from their parents in achieving an identity than do European American adolescents.
C) Parents assist their ethnic minority adolescent children when they encourage exploration of their ethnic heritage and affirm high levels of commitment to their culture.
D) All of the above

Question 34

The cultural norm in the United States portrays the ideal female body as slim when for adolescent girls their biological changes produce less slim and more rounded bodies. As a result, many adolescent females:

A) Ignore advertising media's unrealistic portrayal of women
B) Develop extreme weight-loss behaviors of fasting and crash dieting
C) Purchase baggy cloths as a means of hiding their curves
D) Resist their biological changes by using growth suppressing hormones

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT true of the changes in the family system when children reach adolescence?

A) For the majority of parents, changes occurring in their adolescents coincide with their own midlife development.
B) Family instability contributes to a sense of shared history and a certain degree of predictability.
C) The change in the family system challenge members to adapt to those changes and redefine their roles in relation to family members.

Question 36

Current empirical evidence indicates that:

A) Adolescents and their parents are likely to agree on the most important aspects of their lives.
B) Adolescents and their parents are likely to disagree on the most important aspects of their lives.
C) Adolescents and their parents are likely to agree on the minor issues such as curfew.
D) Adolescents and their parents are not likely to discuss the most important aspects of their lives.

Question 37

The majority of adolescents _____________ their parents.

A) Dislike
B) Distrust
C) Admire
D) Disrespect

Question 38

Adolescents and their parents tend to disagree on issues such as:

A) the value of education.
B) the importance of hard work.
C) the desirability of being honest and trustworthy.
D) None of the above

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT true of parent-adolescent conflict?

A) The increased size and strength of adolescents make it more difficult for parents to impose their authority on them than it was when they were younger.
B) Adolescents' increased capacity for abstract thinking makes them more capable of presenting an argument in the face of parental directives.
C) A mismatch between parent and adolescent expectations of autonomy for the adolescent is not likely to be one of the sources of parent-adolescent conflict.
D) Parents and adolescents have disagreements focused on the adolescents' choice of friends.

Question 40

Adolescent - parent relationships have historically been considered times of

A) Storm and Stress
B) Storming and Norming
C) Stress and Strength
D) Harmony

Question 41

Adolescents with _____________ parents are less involved in risk behaviors than are other adolescents.

A) Authoritative
B) Indulgent
C) Indifferent
D) Authoritarian

Question 42

Authoritative parenting patterns during adolescence have been associated with all of the following outcomes EXCEPT.

A) Higher school achievement
B) A sense of optimism
C) Better relationships with family and peers
D) Lower parental monitoring

Question 43

Adolescents with higher levels of learned resourcefulness have parents with which of the following parenting pattern?

A) Authoritarian
B) Authoritative
C) Permissive
D) Indulgent

Question 44

Adolescent racial identity and self-image protect against common negative responses to racism, including which of the following?

A) Academic underachievement
B) Succumbing to peer pressure
C) Aggressive behavior
D) All of the above

Question 45

The correlates of early onset of sexual intercourse by age 15 or before) include all of the following EXCEPT

A) Not living with two biological parents
B) Being less monitored by parents
C) Being more involved in dating behaviors
D) For adolescent boys, reared in authoritarian homes are particularly at risk for early onset of sexual intercourse

Question 46

Many adolescent girls with excessive weight-loss behaviors have _____________ who model weight-loss behaviors.

A) Fathers
B) Mothers
C) Sisters
D) Friends

Question 47

Adolescents' attachments with their parents have been associated all of the following outcomes for adolescents EXCEPT:

A) Higher self-esteem and more positive social relations.
B) Closer relationships to their parents
C) Lower levels of autonomy and self-reliance
D) Closer relationships to friends and romantic partners

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT true of adolescent eating disorders?

A) Eating disorders that occur during adolescence primarily affect adolescent girls living in Western societies.
B) Concerns with the American ideal of slimness for women contribute to female adolescents being unsatisfied with their bodies.
C) Many adolescent females who are unsatisfied with their bodies develop extreme weight-loss behaviors such as fasting, "crash dieting" and skipping meals.
D) Eating disorders are more prevalent among male adolescents.

Question 49

Which of the following is NOT true of adolescent substance abuse?

A) Experiencing close and supportive relationships with parents during childhood and adolescence serves as a protective factor against substance use, even in communities where drug usage is common.
B) A close parent-adolescent relationship is linked to higher substance use.
C) Adolescents are more likely to use substances when one or more members of the family use substances.
D) Adolescents are more likely to use substances when parents have a lenient attitude toward substance abuse.

Question 50

Because they have little parental support, adolescents with ________parents have lower levels of self-esteem.

A) Authoritative
B) Traditional
C) Authoritarian
D) Indifferent

Question 51

Which of the following parenting pattern contributes to a lower likelihood of adolescents dropping out of school?

A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Permissive
D) Overprotective

Question 52

Evidence shows that girls with eating disorders tend to have parents who are:

A) Authoritarian.
B) Warm and responsive.
C) Highly controlling.
D) Indifferent

Question 53

Problems in the parent-adolescent relationship are clearly present in adolescent delinquency. Adolescents are more inclined toward delinquent behavior when:

A) There are insufficient resources in the home for food, clothing and entertainment.
B) They live in a two-parent household.
C) Their parents are authoritarian, permissive, or indulgent.
D) Parents monitor their adolescents' whereabouts.

Question 54

Adolescents are more likely to use alcohol or drugs when:

A) Their parents have a lenient attitude and/or use alcohol or drugs themselves.
B) Their parents are authoritative and monitor their comings and goings closely.

Question 55

The effect on adolescents of the traditional parenting pattern is shown in all the following EXCEPT:

A) Asian immigrant adolescents experience high levels of parental control but are not likely to report feeling angry with parental control.
B) Asian immigrant adolescents experiences low levels of parental control and report feeling angry with the level of parental control.
C) Asian immigrant adolescents experience high levels of parental control and are likely to feel angry with that level of parental control.
D) None of the above

Question 56

Which of the following statement is true regarding adolescents and their families who have immigrated to a different culture?

A) Acculturation gaps are negatively related to family cohesion and adaptability
B) Parent-adolescent conflicts have been linked to adolescent problem behaviors.
C) Culture-of-origin involvement has been related to adolescent problem behaviors.

Question 57

Parental _______________ has been associated with adolescent delinquency.

A) responsiveness
B) monitoring
C) inconsistency
D) demandedness

Question 58

Many parents in ethnic minority families make a valuable contribution to their adolescent children's identity quest when they assist them in seeking a bicultural identity. Which of the following is NOT associated with a bicultural identity?

A) Preserving ethnic traditions so that their children have pride in their ethnic heritage
B) Providing support for their children's membership in the mainstream culture.
C) Maintaining cultural traditions while acculturating to a new culture.
D) Belonging to a cultural group, that does endorse bicultural identities.

Question 59

Which of the following are factors associated with adolescent anorexia or bulimia?

A) Insufficient availability of food
B) Low income
C) Overweight parents
D) Highly controlling parents

Question 60

Which of the following describes how ineffective parent-adolescent conflict resolution styles are significantly related to delinquency?

A) The conflict resolution styles of fathers and adolescents have different effects on delinquency than do the conflict resolution styles of mothers and adolescents.
B) In mother-adolescent conflicts, the demand-withdraw pattern is related to delinquency.
C) In father-adolescent conflict, mutual hostility is associated with delinquency.
D) All of the above

Question 61

Parental restrictions on the amount of time their adolescent children spend ____________ has been recommended as a way to help them maintain a healthy weight.

Question 62

It is easy to see that identity diffusion prevents adolescents from making progress toward their future lives. Identity diffusion is related also to alcohol use, illicit drug use, and __________ risk taking.

Question 63

During adolescence, greater cognitive capacity for self-reflective thought influences the development of self-esteem and the ___________ for identity.

Question 64

Which of the following family factors is NOT true regarding the relation between adolescent delinquency and parent-child relations?

A) The conflict resolution styles of parents have been found to be contributing factors in adolescent delinquency
B) In adolescent-father relationships, the demand-withdraw pattern is related to delinquency.
C) In adolescent-mother relationships, the demand-withdraw pattern is related to delinquency.
D) Adolescents are considerably more likely to engage in delinquent acts when parental monitoring is lacking

Question 65

Marshall 2001) found that ________ ________ to parents, one's sense of being significant to specific other people, is particularly important to adolescents.

Question 66

Adolescents who have _____________ parents are more likely than other adolescents to be immature and irresponsible and they tend to conform to their peers and be manipulative of their parents.

Question 67

Adolescents with secure attachment to their parents have parents who provide higher levels of support and _____________, which contribute to lower levels of negative parent-adolescent interactions.

Question 68

Ethnic minority parents who promote their child's _____________ preserve ethnic traditions while simultaneously providing support for their child's membership in the mainstream culture.

Question 69

Because they have little parental support, adolescents with ___________ parents have lower levels of self-esteem.

Question 70

An important component of child socialization in ethnic minority families is _____________ .

Question 71

Those adolescents who are engaged in more serious and persistent delinquency are more likely to have ____________ parents.

Question 72

Conflict in parent-adolescent privacy negotiations draws attention to discrepant expectations while also providing adolescents with a means of directly managing perceived _________violations.

Question 73

A problem linked with exercising appropriate levels of control for their children is ____________ parents' lower levels of self-efficacy, which suggests that one of the ways in which to prevent adolescent conduct problems is to elevate the self-efficacy of their parents.

Question 74

The development of ___________ identity involves personal acknowledgement of sexual orientation as well as public presentation and public recognition.

Question 75

Questions such as "Who am I?" "What am I good at?" "How do others see me?" "What is my future life likely to be like?" represent adolescents' quest for _____________.

Question 76

In comparison to adolescents with authoritative or traditional parents, those whose parents are ______________ have lower levels of self-esteem and are less self- assured, less creative, and less socially skilled.

Question 77

Poverty and obesity appear to be closely related. Adolescents from lower-income families differ from adolescents from affluent families in all the following ways EXCEPT:

A) Fruit and vegetable intake is highest among adolescents in more affluent households
B) Fruit and vegetable intake is highest among adolescents in low-income families.
C) Adolescents from lower income families get most of their energy from saturated fat.
D) Adolescents in low-income families receive less medical support for maintaining a healthy weight.
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK Answers can be one or two words)

Question 78

The process of moving in and out of a parent's home during young adulthood is referred to as incompletely_________.

Question 79

The process of accepting an identity without adequate or extensive exploration, ___________ , is sometimes related to a lack of parental support and sometimes reported by adolescents who have a warm supportive relationship with their parents. The latter is seems to explain why so many young persons go into careers similar to their parents.

Question 80

The ability to establish a clear and definite sense of who one is, and where one fits into a particular culture, is the crisis of ___________ .