Deck 10: Middle Age and Older Parenting and Grandparenting

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT true of the grandparent role in Western cultures?

A) For Western cultures, such as the majority cultures of the United States, Canada, and Western Europe, grandparents are not expected to play a primary role in the socialization of grandchildren.
B) There are general rules that govern the grandparent role in Western cultures.
C) The role of grandparent in Western cultures is associated with greater involvement in child socialization than the grandparent role in traditional cultures.
D) One of the rules governing the grandparent role in Western cultures is that under normal circumstances grandparents should not interfere with the way their adult children are rearing their grandchildren.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Factors that influence the degree to which retired parents interact with their adult children include the geographical distance between parents and children and the:

A) Presence or absence of grandchildren.
B) Gender of the children.
C) Education level of the retired person.
D) Socio-economic status of the retired person.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a normative social status transition of young adults?

A) Continuing to live with their parents
B) Getting married.
C) Getting divorced.
D) Losing a job

Answer 3

B

Question 4

For those adult children living within 10 miles, their:

A) Mothers' retirement is associated with fewer visits.
B) Fathers' retirement is associated with fewer visits.
C) Both fathers' and mothers' retirement is associated with more visits.
D) Mothers' and fathers' retirement contributes to strains in the parent-child relationship.

Question 5

Middle-aged parents and their adult children typically become closer when adult children experience normative transitions such as:

A) Losing their jobs
B) Marrying and having children
C) Remaining financially dependent on their parents
D) Moving back home during middle adulthood to live with their parents.

Question 6

According to Erikson, the quality of the relationships that elderly individuals have with their children and grandchildren contributes to the development of the older person's sense of:

A) Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt.
B) Industry versus Inferiority.
C) Integrity versus Despair.
D) Generativity versus Stagnation.

Question 7

The transition during middle-adulthood to becoming grandparents is viewed as:

A) A positive normative event.
B) A difficult transition.
C) An embarrassment with middle age adults feeling negative about their identity as a grandparent.
D) A burden since their health and resources are often limited.

Question 8

Which of the following accurately reflects the effects of parental widowhood on the care of parents?

A) Sons provide more care for the surviving parent than do daughters.
B) Grandchildren provide more care for the surviving parent than do children.
C) Daughters and daughters-in-law provide more care for the surviving parent in comparison to sons or sons-in-law.
D) None of the above

Question 9

Age generally has _____________ on intergenerational relationships.

A) a negative influence
B) no influence
C) a positive influence
D) an unpredictable influence

Question 10

Factors that contribute to a positive experience of aging and being a grandparent include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Early retirement
B) Geographic mobility
C) Decreasing physical abilities
D) Stable finances

Question 11

Upon retirement, which of the following statements is true regarding how frequently middle aged parents visit their adult children and grandchildren:

A) Grandfathers and grandmothers visit equally if they live within 10 miles.
B) Retired mothers visit their adult children frequently if there are no grandchildren.
C) Retired mothers visit their grandchildren more if they live more than 10 miles away.
D) Retired fathers visit their adult children more if there are grandchildren in the home.

Question 12

According to Erikson, during old age the attainment of integrity is related to all of the following factors EXCEPT:

A) Men judge their lives by their ability to socially influence others.
B) Women judge their lives through the connections they maintain.
C) Parents judge their lives by how well their children turn out.
D) Aging parents sometimes believe that they are not as needed in their old age.

Question 13

Many grandparents particularly grandmothers) perceive the role of grandparent as _____________ the role of parent.

A) The same as
B) Quite similar to
C) Easier and more gratifying than
D) More difficult and less gratifying than

Question 14

Studies have shown that the later-life divorce of parents is associated with:

A) Improved relationship quality between older parents and their adult children.
B) Greater strain in the older parent-adult child relationship.
C) An increase in contact between older parents and their adult children.
D) No difference in relationship quality between older parents and their adult children.

Question 15

Social Status transitions are made up of:

A) Successful transitions through each of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development
B) Normative and nonnormative life transitions
C) Positive transitions through each stage of parenting
D) Socioeconomic ascension in society

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT true of adult children's status transitions?

A) Adult children's normative status transitions frequently have a detrimental affect on their parent-child relations.
B) Parents hope that their children will mature into functioning adults and become important parental supports.
C) Parents often feel they cannot carry on with their own lives until their children have made important normative adult transitions.
D) Children who have not established their own households or who have not become independent of their parents serve as a reminder that parents have not achieved their goal of socializing their children to become independent, capable adults.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a common source of tension between second-generation fathers and their adult children:

A) Seeing their fathers spend the same amount of leisure time with their younger siblings that they had experienced as children.
B) Concern about the division of family financial resources.
C) Their fathers' increased assistance with their own children.
D) Problems with their younger stepmothers.

Question 18

During middle-age most people become grandparents, and the relationships grandparents develop with their grandchildren contribute further to the development of a sense of:

A) Intimacy
B) Industry
C) Generativity
D) Social Status

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT true of the effects of later-life parental divorce and remarriage?

A) Divorce in later life adversely affects parent-child relationships.
B) Gender differences have been noted in the effects that older parents' divorce has on their relationships with their adult children.
C) Divorced middle-aged parents have lower levels of parent-child solidarity in comparison to parents who have not divorced.
D) Divorced middle-aged parents provide just as much emotional support to their adult children as parents who have not divorced.

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true regarding middle-aged parents who have adult children with mental or physical impairments, substance abuse, or stress-related problems?

A) They experience more depression than do parents whose adult children do not have these kinds of problems.
B) They are unwilling to provide extended support to these children.
C) They experience an increased sense of integrity knowing they are providing much needed support to their children.
D) They provide whatever resources they have at their disposal knowing that when they are in need of being cared for these children will later reciprocate.

Question 21

Which of the following describes the interaction patterns of older adults and their adult children:

A) Mothers and daughters are likely to experience greater intimacy in comparison to fathers and sons.
B) Mothers and daughters are likely to experience less intimacy in comparison to fathers and sons.
C) Mothers and sons experience greater intimacy than do mothers and daughters.
D) Fathers and daughters experience less intimacy than do fathers and sons.

Question 22

In families in a collectivist culture, when an aging parents requires more extensive care,

A) The adult children typically place parents in assisted living even when aging parent objects.
B) It is anticipated that older persons will live with their middle-aged children.
C) The adult children make decisions for the aging parent and take over the financial resources.
D) None of the above.

Question 23

African Americans are _____________ as likely as European American grandparents to be providing custodial care for their grandchildren.

A) Twice
B) three times
C) five times
D) seven times

Question 24

Maria's three adult daughters have agreed that she is in need of more constant care. Evita, the youngest daughter lives 10 minutes from Maria, is not working, and her two other daughters live and work in other states. It has been decided that Evita will provide care for her aging mother. This scenario is an example of:

A) Child versus spousal care.
B) Parental characteristics that influence decisions regarding parental care.
C) The challenges associated with providing care for elderly parents.
D) Child characteristics that influence decisions regarding parental care.

Question 25

The tendency toward more positive parent-child relationships as a function of age has been explained as follows:

A) As children become more mature, their orientations become more similar to those of their parents.
B) Adult children's identification with their parents increases as part of the process of developing filial maturity.
C) Differences between parents and children become subdued as years go by and both parents and children tend to develop a greater tolerance for the differences that remain.
D) All of the above

Question 26

When considering the gender of both older parents and their middle-aged children, there are less affectionate ties between _____________ than any other combination.

A) father and son
B) father and daughter
C) mother and son
D) mother and daughter

Question 27

The rapid growth of grandparent-maintained households in the United States is due in large part to:

A) Child abuse and neglect.
B) High rates of teen pregnancy,.
C) The increased incarceration of women of childbearing ages.
D) All of the above

Question 28

Within the United States, which of the following middle-aged parents are least likely to have their parents living with them?

A) African American
B) Latino American
C) European American
D) Asian American

Question 29

The characteristics of the adult child that influences decisions regarding parental care include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Employment: adult children who are employed are more likely to provide care for their aging parents.
B) Geographic Location: the closer adult children live to the aging parent the more likely they are to provide direct assistance.
C) Gender: female adult children are more likely than are male adult children to provide care.
D) Age: older adult siblings are less likely to provide care than are younger siblings.

Question 30

A key factor in determining if an aging parent lives with his or her children is the:

A) Financial ability of the hosting family to provide space and care for the grandparent.
B) Financial ability of the aging parent to help pay for living expenses of the hosting family.
C) Cultural beliefs with individualistic cultures expecting to care for their aging parents.
D) Cultural beliefs with traditional or collectivist cultures expecting to care for their aging parents.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of parents that influence whether or not they will be cared for by their children?

A) Their marital status.
B) The number of children they have.
C) Their personality.
D) Their level of education.

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT true of the ways in which adult caregivers of their aging parents find meaning in their caregiver roles?

A) A sense of family responsibility/reciprocity.
B) A commitment to doing what needs to be done.
C) Greater independence.
D) Increased closeness to the older parent.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT true of the functions of grandparents?

A) Grandparents make little contribution to the lives of their grandchildren.
B) One of the most important types of support provided by grandparents is that they help their families by just being there.
C) One of the important roles served by grandparents is that of family historian.
D) Grandparents fulfill the role of crisis managers in the family.

Question 34

The term "Filial Maturity" refers to:

A) The Latino term for family.
B) The Chinese term for family.
C) The development of an adult child's ability to be depended on by parents.
D) The cultural role that younger generations fulfill in the family.

Question 35

The quality of the relationships of older parents and their children are reflected in all of the following EXCEPT:

A) How close they live to each other,
B) The frequency with which they interact
C) The ability of parents to provide financial assistance
D) The degree to which they provide mutual aid to one another

Question 36

An important gender role that contributes to family relationship quality across generations is:

A) The family kinkeeper, who is typically a middle-aged woman.
B) The middle-aged unmarried sister who cares for the aging parents.
C) The oldest son of the family who maintains the social networks between siblings and parents.
D) The aging grandfather who acts as the family historian.

Question 37

Latin Americans are _____________ as likely as European American grandparents to be providing custodial care for their grandchildren.

A) Twice
B) three times
C) five times
D) seven times

Question 38

Which of the following statements is true regarding the influence of the geographical distance between older parents and their adult children:

A) It is lessened as older parents grow older.
B) It remains the same as parents grow older.
C) It becomes significantly greater as parents get older.
D) It detrimentally affects close ties between older parents and their adult children.

Question 39

Which of the following does NOT describe kinkeepers of an extended family?

A) They are typically older men.
B) They are typically middle-aged, older women.
C) They gather the family together for celebrations and keep family members in touch with each other.
D) They provide social anchorage for family members.

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT true of mutual aid in the relationship between middle-aged children and their older parents?

A) Mutual aid flows in both directions.
B) Mutual aid is multidimensional.
C) Older parents are usually financially dependent on their children.
D) Older parents are primarily donors who provide substantial aid to their middle-aged adult children.

Question 41

Which of the following is a term used to describe individuals who become grandparents earlier due to their adolescent children having babies or later due to their children's delay of childbearing until their 30s or 40s?

A) Surrogate parents
B) Off-time grandparents
C) Skipped-generation parents
D) Primary caregivers
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK

Question 42

The death of an aging parent changes the communication patterns in families. Frequently________________.

A) Adult siblings become closer to help ease each others' loss.
B) Siblings will initially rally together but then begin to separate as old childhood power struggles begin to resurface.
C) The family works together to maintain contact.
D) The grandchildren step forward to keep family members in contact with each other.

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT true of leisure activities and the meanings they provide for intergenerational relationships involving grandparents, parents, and children?

A) Leisure can be a platform on which aspects of a family's history are replayed.
B) Whether the meanings associated with leisure activities are exhilarating and hopeful or tedious and discouraging depend on the family dynamics that accompany spending time together.
C) The activities themselves are more important than the context in which those activities occur.
D) For adults who are 75 years old and older, home-based family activities are related more to their well being than are activities engaged in outside the home.

Question 44

Which of the following does NOT describe the grandparent role in China?

A) The "one-child" policy, corresponds with the "4-2-1" style four grandparents, two parents, and one child).
B) Grandparents typically provide child care only for those grandchildren who live in the same household or nearby.
C) The typical form of assistance offered to families by grandparents in China is child care, no matter where the grandparents live.
D) When both parents work, grandparents are a good source of child care and they often act as substitute parents.

Question 45

The term _________ _________ means to be able to be depended on by one's parents.

Question 46

The changes that a person experiences over the lifecourse that modify one's social role are known as _________ __________ ___________.

Question 47

The role that leisure and recreation serves in family members' interactions includes all the following EXCEPT:

A) They provide meaning for all family members.
B) They contribute to continued family development.
C) They contribute to the older parents' sense of integrity.
D) They serve as a platform for the rehearsal of family dynamics

Question 48

One of the general rules governing the grandparent role in Western cultures is the norm of _____________, which prescribes that parents and their children should live in separate households from the older generation.

Question 49

According to Erikson, during old age, individuals re-examine their lives and if their interpretation of their lives is a positive one, they incorporate a sense of _____________.

Question 50

An important gender role that contributes to relationship quality across generations is that of the _______________, which is typically a middle-aged or older woman who keeps the family connected.

Question 51

Adult children's _____________social status transitions tend to negatively affect parent and adult-child relationship.

Question 52

The legacy that parents leave for their children and grandchildren includes which of the following?

A) Biological
B) Material
C) Values
D) All of the above

Question 53

Which of the following describes the grandparent role in Asian countries?

A) 74% of the elderly in Asia co-reside with their adult children. This is far greater than in Europe 26%) or North America 19%).
B) In Taiwan, children who co reside with their grandparents have higher academic performance than those who do not co reside with their grandparents.
C) Children with recent transition into co residence do not differ in academic achievement from those who had never lived with grandparents.
D) All of the above

Question 54

____________social status transitions occur as ones' family progresses normally through life with events occurring as expected.

Question 55

Grandparents raising their grandchildren are referred to as _________ _____________parents.

Question 56

Which of the following does NOT describes the challenges of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa and/or the role of grandparents in this region?

A) The AIDS epidemic has been especially prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa where there are vast numbers of orphans whose parents have died of AIDS.
B) Large numbers of these children are on their own in the streets, and elder relatives, especially grandmothers, are caring for many grandchildren and great-grandchildren.
C) Although grandparents in sub-Saharan Africa are caring for their grandchildren and great grandchildren, they are not on their own since they have sufficient legal and economic support.
D) Many of these grandparents also cared for the parents of these children as they became ill and died.

Question 57

Research evidence suggests that the United States is experiencing a "matrilineal tilt," with respect to gender, family structures, and financial transfers to adult children. This conclusion was based on the finding that:

A) Remarriage substantially reduces fathers' transfers to their biological children.
B) Remarriage decreases mothers' transfers to their biological children.
C) Remarriage increases fathers' transfers to their biological children
D) None of the above

Question 58

Adult children who provide direct care expect their aging parent to reciprocate with ________________.

Question 59

The sense of generativity for aging women is linked to their maintaining relationships within a family by providing _______ _________.

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the experience of the grandparenting role for older individuals?

A) The grandparenting role is apt to be satisfying to most older persons.
B) It provides a sense of purpose and feelings of being valued.
C) Increasing levels of generativity predict greater satisfaction in the role.
D) Decreasing levels of generativity predict greater satisfaction in the role.

Question 61

Discuss the challenges faced by grandparents under the challenges of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa.

Question 62

Discuss the ways in which the development of coping strategies associated with caring for one's parents that might influence the ongoing development of the adult child.

Question 63

Findings suggest that children living in mother-only families that include a grandparent are substantially less likely to be living in _________.

Question 64

Why do you think that men are more likely to spend more time visiting with their adult children if there are no grandchildren?

Question 65

The AIDS epidemic has been especially prevalent in _______ _________where there are vast numbers of orphans whose parents have died of AIDS.

Question 66

Describe normative status transitions that you have experienced as an adult that met with approval from your parent/s.

Question 67

Name and explain some of the various roles that grandparents have today.

Question 68

What are some of the factors that influence a grandparent's relationship and visiting practices with grandchildren?

Question 69

Consider your parents, in terms of their relationships with their own parents your grandparents), and assess the importance of those relationships for both generations.

Question 70

Describe the leisurely activities in your family that involve your parents and your grandparent and based on the information contained in Chapter 10, identify the benefit those activities provide for family members of various ages.

Question 71

In China, the "one-child" policy, corresponds with the ____ style four grandparents, two parents, and one child).

Question 72

The ________ that parents leaves for their children and grandchildren includes biological, material, and values.

Question 73

Individuals who become grandparents earlier due to their adolescent children having babies or later due to their children's delay of childbearing until their 30s or 40s are referred to as ____ ______ grandparents.

Question 74

In China, the "one-child" policy corresponds with the "4-2-1" style of child care. What does that mean?

Question 75

Research evidence suggests that the United States is experiencing a ________ _______, with respect to gender, family structures, and financial transfers to adult children.

Question 76

_____________ is an close bond between individuals which brings both to the level of human experience whereby the feelings of connectedness and belongingness are experienced.

Question 77

It has been suggested that the United States is experiencing a "matrilineal tilt," with respect to gender, family structures, and financial transfers to adult children. Please explain.

Question 78

Think about your grandparents or older adults in your life that fulfill/ed the role of grandparent, and try to identify the various roles that those individuals have played or are presently playing in your life.

Question 79

Consider the relationships your grandparents have with their children, including your own parents, and identify the normative and non-normative transitions that have altered or presently influence those relationships.

Question 80

Consider the extended family relationships including older parents and/or grandparents) of your family or someone else's family) and identify the kinkeepers of the family. Also, describe some of the behaviors of the kinkeeper/s that promote family closeness.