Deck 9: The Relationship of Young Adults, Their Parents and Their Children

Question 1

Examples of the lifelong interdependence of parents and children can be observed in the planning of and participation in:

A) Their weddings.
B) The births or adoptions of their children.
C) Family birthday parties.
D) All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In their relationships with their parents, young adults tend to:

A) separate from their parents and gradually sever contact.
B) seek peer-like relationships with their parents.
C) have problems developing intimate relationships if they are close to their mothers.
D) prefer the company of their mothers over that of their fathers.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

For young adults, the successful resolution of Erikson's intimacy crisis has its foundations in their attachment with their parents. The role of parents in promoting young adults' achievement of a sense of intimacy is that:

A) Many patterns that young adults bring into their intimate relationships with significant others are developed in the relationships they have with their parents.
B) Parents play a pivotal role in sanctioning who the young adult will choose as an intimate partner.
C) The ability for one to have a positive relationship with one's father during adolescence is related to more positive relationships in young adulthood.
D) High intimacy with both parents is necessary if the young adult hopes to have an intimate relationship with anyone else.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The achievement of a sense of generativity is linked to:

A) The quality of adults' relationships with their friends.
B) The quality of adults' relationships with their parents and their children.
C) The quality of adults' relationships with their spouses/partners.
D) The quality of adults' relationships with their co-workers.

Question 5

Across all contexts, the intergenerational relationships in which young adults participate affect their:

A) Emotional development.
B) Social development.
C) Cognitive development.
D) All of the above

Question 6

Factors that influence when young adults in the United States move out of the parental home include all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

A) Transportation
B) Parental Divorce
C) Cost of Housing
D) Job Opportunity

Question 7

For young people in the United States and Canada, moving out of their parents' homes typically occurs around the ages of:

A) 16 to 17
B) 18 to 19
C) 20 to 21
D) 22 to 23.

Question 8

Young people in the United States and Canada typically move out of their parents' home _____________ most other Western countries.

A) About a year earlier than in
B) Several years earlier than in
C) About a year later than in
D) Several years later than in

Question 9

The clearest change in parent-child relationships that affects young adults' living arrangements in the United States is:

A) Housing costs.
B) Job opportunities.
C) Whether or not adult children have remained single.
D) The increase in parental divorce and remarriage.

Question 10

In the United States college students who live at home with their parents are different from those who live apart from their families in that:

A) Those who live with their families are more dependent on their mothers to do their laundry
B) Those who live apart from their families do their grocery shopping in their parents' kitchen
C) Those who live apart from their families have more difficulties but typically develop problem-focused coping strategies.
D) Those who live with their families are more content with their situations.

Question 11

The successful balance of individuation and connectiveness with one's parents can be seen in young adults:

A) Being able to live long distances from their parents.
B) Benefiting from relationships with their parents in which both their separateness and individuality are supported
C) Fluctuations in the emotional bond as being debilitating and at times exhilarating.
D) Boomeranging back and forth with living with their parents and living on their own.

Question 12

The emphasis on success in collectivist cultures is derived from doing a good job at being a parent and/or being a good worker while simultaneously earning the respect of parents, _____________, and individuals in their community.

A) their grandparents
B) their children
C) their co-workers
D) All of the above

Question 13

Young adults in industrialized societies who go to college typically:

A) Receive considerable monetary help from their parents.
B) Receive little monetary help from their parents.
C) Support themselves without depending on financial aid from their parents.
D) Reject financial assistance from their parents and apply for other sources of financial aid.

Question 14

The roles and responsibilities that define adulthood, such as marriage, parenthood and employment:

A) Are similar throughout the world.
B) Are similar throughout the United States.
C) Are similar between Eastern and Western societies.
D) Vary considerably throughout the world.

Question 15

For those young adults who become parents, participation in simultaneous relationships with their parents and with their children is related to their development of a sense of:

A) Industry.
B) Identity.
C) Intimacy.
D) Generativity.

Question 16

Erikson described generativity as:

A) Being a necessary component of the marital relationship
B) The ability to love another person and to be loved
C) Chiefly expressed in behaviors related to establishing and guiding the next generation
D) Being uniquely determined by one's gender

Question 17

One of the forms that generativity needs might take for a parent in an individualist culture is:

A) Seeking to be the best parents possible while simultaneously being highly competitive in their occupational roles.
B) Being willing to sacrifice individual success in their occupational roles in order to be the best parents possible.
C) Being involved in cooperative efforts that maximize the likelihood of group success in the family as well as in the workplace.
D) Maintaining a positive marital relationship.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a factor related to the timing of young adults' departure from the family home?

A) Ethnicity
B) Parents' age
C) Whether the young adults' biological parents are still married to each other.
D) Parental expectations of when their adult children should leave home.

Question 19

In much of the world, such as in China, India, and Mexico, working to help support the family:

A) Was expected of young adults until about 30 years ago.
B) Was expected of young adults until very recently.
C) Has never been expected of young adults.
D) Continues to be expected of young adults.

Question 20

Which of the following describes the typical living and financial support situations of young adults in traditional cultures?

A) They continue to live with their parents and are financially dependent on them.
B) They move out of their parents' home around the ages of 18 to 19 but continue to be financially dependent on their parents.
C) They support themselves financially but do not contribute to the financial welfare of their parents.
D) They continue to live with their parents but are expected to begin contributing to the financial welfare of their parents.

Question 21

When college students go home for holidays, for weekends, and for the summer, they often are surprised and/or disappointed to discover that:

A) Their rooms have been taken over by younger siblings
B) Younger siblings do not welcome them very much.
C) Their parents act distantly.
D) The family roles and rules have remained unchanged.

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT true of parental scaffolding of young parents' child-rearing efforts?

A) The most common practical help that parents make available to their young adult children is related to assistance with child care.
B) Circumstances such as parental death, illness, or teenage parenthood, often influence relatives such as grandparents, aunts and uncles to step in and support young parents' childrearing efforts.
C) Parental scaffolding is usually unnecessary for unmarried adolescent parents who typically live with their partners.
D) Parental scaffolding sends the important message to children that parents are interested in their well being and want to help them toward the achievement of their goals.

Question 23

In developing parental distancing, it is

A) Necessary that the son or daughter move as far from the parents as possible.
B) Characterized by a complete emotional void between parent and adult child.
C) Easier for the adult child than for the parents to emotionally let go
D) A challenge that requires an emotional emancipation while remaining engaged.

Question 24

The comprehension of fathers is anticipated to occur during the:

A) 20s.
B) 30s.
C) 40s.
D) 50s.

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT true of the parallel development of the social roles of young adults and their parents?

A) The roles of both young adults and their parents continue to be redefined in relation to each other.
B) Parents and their young adult children exert a strong influence on each other's role development through a process that contributes to their parallel development.
C) Mature sons or daughters take on a parental role in relation to their parents.
D) A filial role involves the ability to be depended on by one's parents.

Question 26

When young adult children marry, everyone in the family system must adjust to new roles. Successful assimilation of new family members is made easier when:

A) The new daughter-in-law adopts the customs and practices of the husband's family.
B) Boundaries between households are held rigid with in-laws not coming over unless formally invited
C) All members are encouraged to openly discuss their feelings and expectations and everyone remains open to change
D) Sons-in-law leave their mothers and fathers and fully embrace their wives' families' customs and rituals.

Question 27

Demonstrating maturity in other adult roles promotes young adults':

A) Filial maturity.
B) Sociocentrism.
C) Independence.
D) Parental dependency.

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT true of parental distancing?

A) Establishing a psychological distance from one's parents is a necessary step for young adults to take in order to be able to see both themselves and their parents more objectively.
B) Acquiring a level of objectivity in relation to their parents allows young adults to perceive their parents as persons, apart from the parental role.
C) The course of emotional weaning in the process of parental distancing is likely to be easy for parents as well as for their adult children.
D) The initial phase of parental distancing is triggered by the physical separation from parents typical of early adulthood in industrialized countries.

Question 29

Postformal thought, which is reflected in __________________, allows young adults to deal more effectively with the complex social worlds of which they are a part.

A) problem finding and dialectical thinking
B) concrete operational thinking
C) formal operational thinking
D) collaborative reasoning

Question 30

Scaffolding, as a model for learning, continues throughout one's life. Which of the following is NOT an example of young adult learning using a process of scaffolding?

A) Calling one's parent to talk about what to major in at college.
B) Taking turns with one's partner getting up late at night with a sick child.
C) Sharing with one's mother concern over expected changes with an impending birth.
D) Asking your parents to give you some money to go on spring break.

Question 31

During the reconnection phase of parallel development:

A) Parents and their adult children come to know each other as individuals and develop greater appreciation of each other.
B) Young adults are often overwhelmed by their parents' invasion of their privacy.
C) Parents are often amazed at how immature their adult children are.
D) Adult children are often surprised at how much their parents have aged.

Question 32

Which of the following has been found to contribute most to developing authoritative child socialization patterns?

A) Completing High School
B) Having your first child in your late adolescence
C) Obtaining a college education
D) Being a single parent

Question 33

Which of the following scenarios is an example of a parent's use of dialectical reasoning?

A) Casey has received a substantial pay bonus for a job well done. He has wanted to go on a fishing expedition for years and with this bonus check he decides its' time!
B) Casey has received a substantial pay bonus for a job well done. Though he has wanted to go on a fishing expedition for years he is also thinking that the family could use a new washer and dryer.

Question 34

Relationship dilemmas that young adults must work out with their parents and with their own children often have:

A) Clear and absolute rules
B) No single solutions.
C) Many predetermined right answers.
D) a few absolute rules.

Question 35

Filial maturity is demonstrated in the adult child's ability to do all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Move away from egocentrism and step toward the development of a more mature adult role.
B) Be depended on by one's parent/s.
C) Reverse roles with a parent.
D) Respond to the needs of the parent.

Question 36

According to Family Systems Theory, the changes that require adjustment of expectations, roles, and behaviors of family members include:

A) The arrival or departure of any family member.
B) The experience of a family crisis.
C) The ongoing developmental changes of family members.
D) All of the above

Question 37

For most young adults, parental comprehending happens in their 20's in regards to their mothers. However, comprehending their fathers:

A) Takes place at a much earlier age, often in the teen years.
B) May not take place until one is much older, even into the 40's or after one's father has died.
C) Often never occurs.
D) Is not as important in the maturation process as understanding who one's mother is as an individual.

Question 38

Most adults can remember a time when they began to really understand their parents, which typically occurs in their:

A) Late adolescence.
B) Early 20s.
C) Late 20s.
D) Early 30s.

Question 39

Observations of high levels in participation of housework by their fathers, during their growing-up years, is associated with young adults' tendency to:

A) Be supportive of men's participation in housework
B) Be less supportive of men's participation in housework
C) Expect that women will do all of the housework
D) Hire outside help in maintaining the house.

Question 40

The process of "problem finding" means:

A) The young adult is able to generate a problem where no problem previously existed
B) The young adult looks to their own deficiencies and proceeds to project them onto their own children
C) The young parent first determines that a problem exists as well as what the problem is likely to be
D) Problems are intergenerational, meaning that the same relationship problems occur from one generation to the next

Question 41

Which of the following is NOT true of dual-income families?

A) Even when both parents are employed outside the home and work similar hours, young mothers typically spend more time taking care of the children and doing housework than do young fathers.
B) Studies of working parents have provided evidence that children in dual-income families are more likely to suffer from neglect than are children in families with only one employed parent.
C) Women, who are simultaneously carrying out the roles of wife, mother, and employee, do not necessarily suffer role overload.
D) Role overload is less common in dual-worker families than is role buffering.

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT true regarding filial maturity?

A) It has its beginnings in early adulthood as young adults begin to perceive their parents as persons with histories that began before parenthood and as individuals who have roles in addition to their parental roles.
B) Filial maturity is expressed also in the relationships that adult children have with their older parents.
C) Offspring report higher levels of filial maturity with fathers
D) Offspring report higher levels of filial maturity with parents with whom they reported greater relationship quality, closeness, and autonomy.

Question 43

Describe how parents "scaffold" the parenting skills of their adult children when they become parents of their own children.

Question 44

Young adults continue to be nurtured in their learning through the process of parental scaffolding. Examples of parental scaffolding include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) When parents support their young adults' during their pursuit of higher education.
B) When parents provide practical and emotional assistance to their young adult children as they become parents.
C) When parents take their grandchildren for the weekend so their adult children can spend time with their spouses/partners.
D) When parents step in and take over the parental role for their young adult children.

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT true of the changes that occur in parent-child relationships when young adult children enter gay or lesbian unions?

A) Young adults who are gay and lesbian do not typically have the support of their parents for their partnerships.
B) Most gay men and lesbian women are able to defend the partnership boundaries against intergenerational pressures
C) Most gay men and lesbian women are unable to defend the partnership boundaries against intergenerational pressures.
D) One way that gay men and lesbian women maintain intergenerational boundaries is by distancing themselves from their disapproving parents.

Question 46

For many couples, the strains accompanying the arrival of children:

A) Do not affect their level of marital satisfaction.
B) Result in the lowest level of marital satisfaction of any point in their relationship.
C) Tend to increase their level of marital satisfaction.
D) Result in the highest level of marital satisfaction of any point in their relationship

Question 47

How does parental attachment contribute to an adult child's ability to form intimate relationships?

Question 48

How does distancing and its counterpart, reconnecting, influence the parent and adult child's relationship? How might this contribute to the experience of parental comprehending?

Question 49

What is filial maturity ?

Question 50

Which of the following statements does NOT reflect the role that gender plays in today's dual-worker, dual-parent relationships?

A) Parents have less gender-equal workloads than nonparents in the United States, Australia, Italy, France, and Denmark.
B) The differences in less equal workloads for parents vs. nonparents) are most pronounced in Italy, France, and Denmark.
C) Having young children at home is a critical catalyst for gender differences in the work-family interface.
D) The differences in less equal workloads for parents vs. nonparents) are most pronounced in the United States and Australia

Question 51

Young parents who have egalitarian relationships experience less disappointment and stress with the arrival of their first child because

A) They have more income that allows them to hire outside help for assisting with household chores and child care
B) They are able to work out a collaborative approach for caring for their infant and taking care of household responsibilities
C) Their parents are willing to come over and help with the housework
D) They have spent so much time planning and preparing for the birth of the child that they are not concerned with household tasks

Question 52

Which of the following statements DOES NOT reflect the importance of the parental bond between young adults and their parents?

A) Fluctuations in the quality of the parental bond have more repercussions for the emotional stability of young men than for young women.
B) Attachment to mothers predicts better conflict resolution behavior.
C) Attachment to fathers is predictive of better social skills.
D) The parental bond does not become weaker as young adults grow older

Question 53

Which of the following does NOT describes the role of tensions and ambivalence in intergenerational relationships?

A) Tensions are normative in the older parent and adult child relationship due to discrepancies in developmental needs that vary by generation, gender, and age.
B) The source of intergenerational tensions and how they are resolved influence the quality of these relationships.
C) Men and women report greater ambivalence toward children with more physical-emotional problems, less career success, and/or less relationship success.
D) Women's ambivalence appears to be more sensitive than men's ambivalence to their children's problems and successes.

Question 54

Family rituals are mechanisms by which generativity is expressed by family members. Rituals are used to shape:

A) Religious and holiday celebrations that bring family members together.
B) The roles that family members play when they gather together.
C) The patterns of support that are shared during times of crisis and illness.
D) All of the above

Question 55

Which of the following does NOT describe young adults' development of parental distancing and parental comprehending?

A) When individuals become young adults, they develop filial maturity which includes the capability of comprehending their parents.
B) The ability to comprehend one's own parents requires considerable objectivity
C) The development of the ability to comprehend one's own parents occurs at the same time as parental distancing.
D) A positive outcome of young adults' development of the capability of comprehending their parents is that capability serves to reduce conflict with parents.

Question 56

Which of the following statements does NOT reflect the level of assistance that older parents make available to their children.

A) Parental assistance is directly proportional to parents' perceptions of their children's level of need.
B) Elderly parents provide much of the care of adult children who are developmentally disabled or mentally impaired and not living in institutions.
C) Older parents provide less assistance to their children whom they perceive as more successful.
D) In addition to providing assistance based on children's level of need, parents also provide more assistance to their children whom they perceive as more successful.

Question 57

Most young parents are both working in paid employment outside the home. Though at risk for role overload, those couples are able to:

A) Offset the increased workload by hiring outside help with child care and household work.
B) Ignore housework in favor of earning more money.
C) Ignore housework in favor of spending quality time with each other and their children.
D) Perform dual roles of parent and paid worker by sharing child care and housekeeping responsibilities.

Question 58

Discuss the possible reasons why adult children of two-biological-parent households are more likely to live with their parents than are adult children from other households.

Question 59

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding parents' relationships with their adult children:

A) They remain positive and reasonably stable over a long period of time.
B) They often are seen as not being very important by adult children.
C) They are likely to continue to be difficult if they were negative during adolescence.
D) They usually become bonds of lasting importance in the lives of each other.

Question 60

Please discuss the reasons why a positive relationship with one's mother during adolescence is related to more positive intimate relationships in young adulthood.

Question 61

Describe some examples that demonstrate the concept of dialectical thinking that young parents use to resolve the problems they face.

Question 62

Describe several ways that unmarried young parents benefit from the scaffolding efforts of their parents.

Question 63

The term ________ ________ has been traditionally used to describe the home from which those young adults were launched into independent living.

Question 64

Two dimensions are essential to the development of filial maturity: distancing and _____________.

Question 65

Through activities, such as modeling, instruction, and direct support, more competent persons provide ____________________ __ for the skill development of less experienced individuals.

Question 66

According to Erikson, after the achievement of intimacy, young adults seek to attain a sense of _____________.

Question 67

The concept of families living near their extended kin and having strong kinship ties is known as ______________, in Latino cultures.

Question 68

The drive to be generative is a powerful theme of adulthood and occurs in two major ways, through __________ and through employment.

Question 69

Consider the sharing of household tasks that you observed during your own adolescence in your own or another household and discuss how your own gender role attitudes and those earlier observations are linked.

Question 70

The increase in the numbers of young adults who live at home with their parents has led to the empty nest being redefined as the "_____ ______.

Question 71

Please describe some examples of a young couple's scaffolding of each other's child-rearing efforts.

Question 72

What are two factors that explain why parental divorce has been found to be associated with young adults' low level of relationship quality?

Question 73

Explain the ways that your parents or other parental figures in your life are presently involved in the scaffolding of your academic success and/or career preparation.

Question 74

A critical task for personal development during young adulthood is to _____________oneself from one's parents and to establish one's separate identity as an adult.

Question 75

Please describe an example of family etiquette that you and your parent/s have worked out or are presently in the process of working out) in order to handle the delicate balance between your parents' interest in knowing what is going on in your life and your right to privacy.

Question 76

Please describe some examples of interdependence you have observed between young adults and their parents in the planning and carrying out of family celebrations and/or the mutual support demonstrated during family crises.

Question 77

When disequilibrium occurs as new members are added to the family system, what steps might a family take to regain a sense of family equilibrium?

Question 78

Please identify the ways in which you distanced yourself from your parents as you became young adults and discuss what you have discovered about your parents that helps you to appreciate them as individuals apart from their parental role.

Question 79

What are the two predominant sources of ambivalence identified by older parents when they discuss their relationships with their adult children?
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK

Question 80

The obligation of providing financial support to one's parents is known as _______ ______, and is practiced in countries like China, Japan, Mexico and India.