Deck 12: Families at Risk and Families Coping With the Death of a Family Member

Question 1

The research and publications of people like Kempe and Havens led to all of the following outcomes EXCEPT:

A) Mandatory reporting laws by mental health and other professionals who work with children.
B) Subsequent identification of other types of child maltreatment: neglect, sexual abuse, witnessing of maternal battering.
C) The elimination of foster care as safe placements for children removed from unsafe parents.
D) Increased reporting of children being at risk for violence or neglect.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Child abuse is particularly disturbing since:

A) There are few safe-guards in place to identify or help children who are being abused.
B) Not all states have laws protecting children from abuse.
C) "Family" is supposed to be a haven for children and not a place that compromises their security and welfare.
D) All dysfunctional families are abusive.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Physical abuse of children by their parents:

A) Is prohibited by law in all states within the United States.
B) Is prohibited by law in most states within the United States.
C) Is prohibited by law in only a few states within the United States.
D) Has always been is prohibited by law in all states within the United States

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The most typical outcome for both men and women who were abused as children is:

A) To be abusive to their own or someone else's child.
B) To become a sexual predator.
C) To avoid commitment and marriage.
D) To be nonviolent in their adult families.

Question 5

Some of the individual characteristics that have been found to be common in parents who abuse their children are _____________ and the propensity to blame others for their problems which is seen when a parent scapegoats a child).

A) ethnicity of a parent
B) parenting attitudes that devalue children
C) high demandedness
D) low level of education

Question 6

The primary characteristic of children that puts them at greater risk for being abused is:

A) Their gender: with males being at greatest risk for sexual abuse.
B) Their age: with children under the age of 6 being at greatest risk.
C) Their ethnicity: with immigrants from India being at greatest risk.
D) Their age: with children in elementary school being at greatest risk.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true of the functions of social support intervention in child maltreatment?

A) Parents who are at risk for abusing their children are in need of informal and formal intervention.
B) The first step toward intervention for potentially abusive or neglectful parents typically comes from formal support systems.
C) Formal community supports such as family therapy, food, and clothing, can go a long way toward mediating the stresses experienced by parents.
D) Informal support from family members, friends, and community members, in the form of child-care, respite care, transportation, or financial assistance, might relieve the stress of parents and in so doing reduce the possibility of child maltreatment.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT true of the history of child maltreatment in the United States?

A) In the past, it was believed that child discipline needed to be maintained even if harsh corporal punishment had to be used.
B) The first scientific documentation in the literature of the harmful effects of child abuse occurred in the United States in the early 50s.
C) Havens suggested that family, medical and health professionals should stop idealizing family life and accept the fact that some parents intentionally injure and sometimes kill their children.
D) The work of Kempe and colleagues and Havens led to laws in the United States that were designed to protect children from violence, as well as mandatory reporting laws for mental health and other professionals who work with children.

Question 9

In the past, child abuse often went unnoticed in the United States because:

A) Children were not viewed as being entitled to the same level of protection as adults.
B) Harsh punishment of children was not recognized as being abusive.
C) Both a and b

Question 10

In comparison to their non-maltreated peers, children who have suffered from any form of maltreatment are _____________.

A) Less at risk for school failure.
B) Less at risk for school drop-out.
C) Less likely to adapt well to their child-care and preschool environments.

Question 11

The experience of having been abused as a child can be countered in adulthood through:

A) Intervention services to decrease the vulnerability and depression often associated with child abuse.
B) Court protection orders that remove children who are at risk of being abused by a parent who was abused as a child.
C) Shock Therapy, which can interfere with the disabling pattern of thinking associated with abuse.
D) Avoidance of having children.

Question 12

_____________ is associated with violence among family members.

A) Parental unemployment
B) Loss of a family member
C) Illness of a family member
D) Having teenagers in the family

Question 13

Children _____________ are at higher risk for being abused:

A) Whose births result from unwanted pregnancies
B) With special needs including those born prematurely)
C) With a chronic illness
D) All of the above

Question 14

Kempe and colleagues coined the term___________________ in 1962, to call attention to undiagnosed and mishandled situations in which children sustained serious physical injury from an adult caregiver.

A) Child Abuse
B) Sexual Abuse
C) Neglected Child
D) Battered Child

Question 15

Which of the following accurately describes the research that has focused on the intergenerational abuse of children?

A) Being maltreated as a child puts an individual more at risk for becoming abusive toward one's own children.
B) The path between being maltreated as a child and becoming abusive toward one's own children cannot be altered by such factors as social support.
C) The path between being maltreated as a child and becoming abusive toward one's own children is inevitable.
D) Most children who are abused later become violent.

Question 16

Child maltreatment is composed of three primary types of abuse. Which of the following is not a child abuse classification?

A) Educational Neglect
B) Physical Abuse
C) Sexual Abuse
D) Child Neglect

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a characteristic of parents who are at-risk for being abusive or neglectful of their children?

A) Social and economic deficits
B) Poor problem solving skills
C) Single mothers living with their own mothers
D) A tendency towards role reversal with one's children

Question 18

The most common form of family violence in the United States is:

A) Child abuse.
B) Spousal abuse.
C) Elder abuse.
D) Infant abuse.

Question 19

All forms of child abuse:

A) Are viewed as dysfunctional but not criminal.
B) Are on the decline.
C) Are unlawful.
D) Carry a mandatory prison sentence.

Question 20

In 1972, Havens stated that some parents:

A) Intentionally injure and sometimes kill their children.
B) Unintentionally injure but never kill their children.
C) Abandon their children out of ignorance.
D) Raise children within dysfunctional households.

Question 21

Families, that have a parent who is an alcoholic, experience disruptions in family routine and rituals. For alcoholic families, disruption in routine and rituals interferes with:

A) The strength of the family as a unit as well as the ability of the children to learn rules, roles and values.
B) Circadian rhythms, making it difficult for parents to put their children to bed at night and to wake them in the morning.
C) Very few development issues with young children.

Question 22

Death of a parent is traumatic for children regardless of their age. For very young children, it is compounded by their understanding that:

A) Death is permanent and they will never see their parent again.
B) Death is beyond their comprehension; they have no understanding of it on any level.
C) Death is equated with separation and they believe their parent will return.
D) Death is scary and can happen to them if they fall asleep.

Question 23

Which of the following statements describe preschool children's view of death?

A) They view death as separation.
B) They understand that cessation of sensory and bodily functions occur at death.
C) They understand the difference between the attributes of the dead and the attributes of the living.
D) They understand that death occurs for everyone, even their family members or their friends.

Question 24

Having at least one adult in their lives, who nurtures them and provides for their basic needs, help maltreated children to develop:

A) Resistance.
B) A sense of defiance.
C) A sense of humor
D) Resiliency.

Question 25

During middle childhood, children who are confronted with the death of a family member:

A) Might ask questions that reflect their tendency to view events from a concrete perspective of reality, such as "What happens to the body when it dies?"
B) Do not understand that death is universal, irreversible, and that the movement of the body, and the function of the body's organs, ceases at death.
C) Tend to believe that death does not occur for everyone, such as themselves, their family members, or their friends.
D) Engage in magical thinking which causes them to believe they can bring the deceased back to life through prayer or wishful thinking.

Question 26

When parents lose a child through death, they:

A) Often come to grips with the loss quickly since they usually have other children that still need to be raised.
B) Can have very different reactions with one becoming overactive and another becoming inactive.
C) Realize that fate controls everyone's life and they cannot be held responsible for the death of the child.
D) Can never recover from the loss.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT true of the guidelines for explaining death to children?

A) In explaining death to a child, parents must keep in mind the cognitive limitations of children at varying levels of development so that their explanations do not go over the heads of their children.
B) The first step in clarifying death for a child is to provide a nonjudgmental environment in which a discussion can occur regarding how the child views death.
C) If a child is hesitant to talk about the death, the parent might ask the child to draw a picture of what death is.
D) In their conversation with children about death, it is recommended that parents focus on the death of animals such as their pet dog.

Question 28

Foster parents need to realize that, regardless of how abusive foster children's parents might have been, those children still experience feelings of grief and anxiety and wish to be with their parents). These feeling can become intensified during all of the following situations EXCEPT:

A) When visiting with biological parents.
B) When first removed from their parents) home.
C) During the honeymoon phase.
D) Being returned to their biological parents).

Question 29

Members of families of alcoholics often take on roles that shape family dynamics. The primary role of the co-dependent spouse in a family with an alcoholic is:

A) To take care of everyone and be an overachiever in order to gain everyone's approval.
B) To attempt to control the drinking of the alcoholic and to cover up the problem.
C) To take everyone's attention off the drinking of the alcoholic and make everyone laugh or find relief in humor.
D) To avoid the problems in the home and, more importantly, not cause any problems.

Question 30

Alcoholism, affecting either one or both parents, has a negative effect on children. Alcoholic parents display all of the following compromised parenting behaviors except:

A) Inconsistent or unpredictable behaviors.
B) Higher level of tolerance for adolescent drinking or substance abuse.
C) Lower levels of violence.
D) Higher levels of harsh punishment.

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT typically associated with spousal abuse?

A) Women are more likely to be victims
B) Parental unemployment particularly the unemployment of fathers)
C) Low parental warmth
D) Absence of violence spillover on children

Question 32

Children who have been maltreated are at higher risk for:

A) Developing secure attachments with other adults later in their lives.
B) Not developing a sense of trust with others.
C) Becoming overly reliant on others for support.
D) Being excessively trustful of others.

Question 33

When a sibling dies, parents and relatives often:

A) Deny the living siblings the right to grieve.
B) Help their remaining children to mourn the loss.
C) Involve their children in rituals that encourage them to say goodbye to the sibling that died.
D) Postpone making decisions and moves that will further change the family's routines.

Question 34

Parents who are at risk for abusing their children:

A) Can benefit from informal support as provided by family and friends as respite child-care, transportation or financial assistance.
B) Do not respond well to interventions that teach them more effective ways of interacting with their children.
C) Are not good candidates for family therapy since counseling takes too long to be effective.
D) Tend to resist outside interventions such as receiving social service support.

Question 35

Mothers with addiction problems often are caught in a double bind that makes recovery difficulty. What is that bind?

A) They are often victims of family violence and find it difficult to leave their partner/spouse.
B) Insurance does not cover women's in-patient treatment so they cannot get the care they need.
C) Most in-patient treatment facilities do not allow mothers to bring their children with them and the feelings of inadequacy as a parent interferes with their ability to focus on recovery.
D) There are no programs to help women recover from alcohol or substance abuse since it is impractical to remove a mother from her children.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT true of the reactions of children following parental death?

A) It is usual for children and adolescents to experience a sense of unreality or numbness as they are faced with the pain of separation from the parents; then the grief sets in.
B) As children move beyond the initial feelings of grief, disorganization is common.
C) Eventually, a period of reorganization or recovery occurs and even though the sadness is still felt, its intensity is somewhat diminished.
D) The strength of the parent-child relationship does not endure beyond the life of the parent.

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT one of the roles assumed by children in an alcoholic family?

A) family scapegoat
B) family hero
C) family mascot or clown
D) co-dependent or enabler

Question 38

Family Violence takes many forms with _______________ being the most common form.

A) Sexual Abuse
B) Spousal Abuse
C) Child Neglect
D) Emotional Neglect

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a treatment/support group for alcoholics, substance abusers or their families?

A) Narcotics Anonymous
B) Alcoholics Anonymous
C) Al-Anon
D) Parents Without Partners

Question 40

Children exposed to domestic abuse are at risk for:

A) Developmental problems, physical illness, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
B) Few negative effects if they are very young since they do not understand what is going on.

Question 41

Which of the following are typical reactions of parents who have lost a child through death?

A) Disbelief that their children's deaths preceded their own.
B) A tendency to assume responsibility for their children's deaths.
C) The feeling of being unable to escape the pain associated with the death of their child.
D) All of the above.

Question 42

Which of the following does NOT describe the typical responses of adults to children whose sibling has died?

A) Family members and social groups tend to focus exclusively on the needs of the bereaved parents, ignoring the grief of siblings.
B) Children and adolescents whose sibling has died are often discouraged from crying by parents and other adults.
C) Parents and other adults tend not to communicate with children and adolescents about their sibling's death.
D) Parents and other adults tend to be comforting to children whose sibling has died, thereby allowing them to express their grief.

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the romantic relationships of men and women who grew up with an alcoholic parent?

A) Both men and women report more anxious and avoidant behaviors.
B) Daughters of alcoholic mothers reveal significantly greater avoidance in their romantic relationships as compared to daughters of mothers who were not alcoholics.
C) For husbands, paternal alcoholism has been linked with lower levels of marital satisfaction as well as higher levels of physical aggression.
D) For wives, alcoholism in the father has been associated with lower levels of marital intimacy.

Question 44

Professionals, who work with parents who have lost a child through death, can best help the family by:

A) Encouraging the parents to talk with their surviving children about the death, the circumstances surrounding the death, and their feelings of loss and sadness.
B) Encouraging the parents to remove the belongings of the child who has died from the home including all of the pictures of the child alone and with other family members.
C) Avoiding mentioning the child's name who has died until things begin to feel normal again.
D) Helping the parents create new routines and rituals for the family that omit memories of the child who has died.

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT associated with higher risks of child abuse and neglect:

A) Living in poverty and being the child of an adolecent parent
B) Being a school age child
C) Having alcoholic or drug-addicted parents.
D) Having parents who devalue children.

Question 46

When parents, or other persons legally responsible for the child's well-being, engage in sexual activity with children under the age of 18, that act is legally defined as ___________ __________.

Question 47

Whether coming directly from their families or from group care, once adolescents have been placed with foster families, which of the following processes contribute to their resilience?

A) An increase in self-efficacy
B) Distancing themselves from the risks
C) New opportunities and the multiplication of benefits
D) All of the above

Question 48

Generally, the death of a parent:

A) Positively impacts the relationships adults have with their siblings.
B) Negatively impacts the relationships adults have with their siblings.
C) Positively impacts the relationships adults have with their same gender siblings.
D) Does not affect the relationships adults have with their siblings.

Question 49

Whether a parent's death is sudden or expected, the degree to which a child adjusts to the loss of a parent depends to a large extent on the:

A) Surviving parent's own distress and adjustment to the death.
B) Child's age.
C) Number of children in the family.
D) Family's socioeconomic level.

Question 50

For supporting children through the grieving process, the following is recommended:

A) Acknowledge the child's loss and the sadness associated with the loss.
B) Exercise caution in making decisions related to the belongings of deceased.
C) Proceed carefully in making further changes in the family during the days, weeks, and months following a family member's death.
D) All of the above.

Question 51

The ___________ ________ is a child who has sustained serious physical injury from an adult caregiver.

Question 52

Within dysfunctional families, such as those in which at least one parent is an alcoholic, family members occupy specific roles. Which of the following does NOT describe one of these roles?

A) The family mascot, or family clown, will usually do anything for a laugh or to gain attention.
B) The lost child is someone who runs away and brings attention to the family.
C) The family hero in this family, is super responsible, an over achiever, and needs everyone's approval.
D) The scapegoat in this family is viewed as a troublemaker, whose visible traits include hostility, defiance, and sullenness.
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK

Question 53

The most helpful approach/es others can take to help grieving parents is/are:

A) To provide them with examples of ways in which other grieving parents have coped with loss.
B) To encourage them to assume their daily routines.
C) To allow them to freedom to express their grief according to their individual way of coping.
D) All of the above.

Question 54

It has been demonstrated that the witnessing of domestic violence affects children in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

A) It increases the risk of being a victim of bullying for adolescent boys but not adolescent girls.
B) Adolescent boys who have witnessed interpersonal violence have a 2.5 greater risk of being a victim of bullies.
C) Adolescent girls who have witnessed interpersonal violence have a 10- fold risk of being a victim of bullies.
D) It increases the risk of being a victim of bullying for adolescent boys as well as adolescent girls.

Question 55

Adults do NOT assist children in their effort to cope with the death of a family member by:

A) Doing most of the talking when discussing death with children.
B) Helping children to develop a personal narrative which focuses on the life and death of their deceased family member.
C) Allowing children to tell their story of the death.
D) Sharing memories of the person who has died.

Question 56

When family members _____________, healthy adaptation to parental loss is more likely to occur.

A) keep themselves busy
B) support open expressions of feelings about the deceased
C) avoid talking about a parent's death
D) try to act as if the death had not occurred

Question 57

Which of the following is NOT helpful to children who have lost a family member through death?

A) Acknowledging the grief children feel.
B) Supporting children's expressions of their grief anger, crying, bewilderment, etc.).
C) Letting the child take the lead as to when, how long, and how much is discussed.
D) Encouraging children to "put it out of their minds."

Question 58

When parents, or other persons who are responsible for children's welfare, inflict non-accidental physical injury on children, this is known as __________ ______.

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the parentification of a child:

A) It frequently occurs in families where at least one parent is an alcoholic.
B) It distorts the parent-child relationship in such a way that the child is often placed in the role of the parent.
C) It is the enlisting of a child to care for parents' physical, emotional, or financial needs.
D) When mutually agreed upon, it is a healthy situation for alcoholic families since it brings stability to the family.

Question 60

When parents, or other persons legally responsible for the child's well-being, fail to provide children with basic care and protection those persons can be held legally accountable for ___________ __________.

Question 61

Why do you think it took so long for the mistreatment of children to be recognized as a crime?

Question 62

During the _______________ ____________, foster children are on their best behavior in their foster parent's home.

Question 63

____________________ is a construct defined by Boszormanyi-Nagy and Spark 1981) to describe the distortion of the parent-child relationship in such a way that the child is often placed in the role of the parent.

Question 64

Based on their findings of a link between parental substance abuse and child maltreatment, researchers have recommended collaboration between which service agencies?

Question 65

Kempe first coined the term, ___________ _______________, to refer to violent acts of family members against each other, and the effects of those actions on children.

Question 66

Discuss the effects that parental substance abuse has on the lives of children in that family.

Question 67

The most common type of infant abuse is _______ _______ ________, which consists of shaking a crying baby.

Question 68

Whether coming directly from their families or from group care, once adolescents have been placed with foster families, the following processes contribute to their resilience: a) an increase in _____________, b) distancing themselves from the risks, c) new opportunities, and d) the multiplication of benefits.

Question 69

A ____________ ______________ ____________ disorder is a debilitating condition that often follows a terrifying physical or emotional event, which causes the person to have persistent, frightening, thoughts and memories of the ordeal.

Question 70

Fear of __________has been found to be a problem for youths who have experienced a parent's death. This fear has been associated with depressive symptoms that influence relationships with caregivers, peers, and romantic partners.

Question 71

Jaffe, Baker, and Cunningham's 2004) edited book Protecting Children from Domestic Violence: Strategies for Community Intervention represents the views of a number of scholars regarding ways that professionals and policy makers might work together to make families safer for children. What are some of their recommendations?

Question 72

Men's severe violence toward women rarely occurs in the absence of parent-child aggression and _____ ________aggression.

Question 73

Discuss why the circumstances surrounding parental death and parental divorce contribute to differing levels of family and community support.

Question 74

Researchers have shown that there is type-specific intergenerational transmission of neglectful and physically abusive parenting. What did those findings demonstrate?

Question 75

Many children's lives are negatively impacted by their parents' _________________ which is the most frequent form of substance abuse found among parents.

Question 76

Although attention has focused on other types of abuse, researchers have emphasized the need for greater public awareness of the prevalence and outcomes of ___________ _____________.

Question 77

For parents who are grieving the death of a child through suicide. Common reactions are these parents feelings of stigmatization, depression, and _________ thinking.

Question 78

What do the experts suggest for talking with children about death? How does the age and maturity of a child affect how one should approach and explain death?

Question 79

Explain why parents often are unaware of the need to help surviving siblings grieve the death of a brother or sister.

Question 80

One of the ways in which researchers have been able to determine the relation between child maltreatment and parental substance abuse has been to examine the lives of children in which circumstances?