Deck 11: Children at Risk Special Challenges in Parent-Child Relationships

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the guidelines for the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act IDEA)?

A) Appropriate Education
B) Appropriate Evaluation
C) Procedural Due Process
D) Teacher and parent but not student participation

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT true of the importance of using person-first language when referring to children with exceptionalities?

A) Rehabilitation professionals have been strongly encouraged to adopt person-first language.
B) Adopting a person-first language perspective helps parents of children who have impairments to understand the whole child and also assist parents in focusing on the things a child can do or is able to learn.
C) For parents of children who are gifted, person-first language is not appropriate.
D) Terminology that places the child before the exceptionality consists of language like the child who is blind and the child who has a mental impairment.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Parents who report more satisfaction from their roles of raising children with disabilities generally have/are:

A) More resources than most parents.
B) Older and more advantaged.
C) Younger and more disadvantaged.
D) Greater levels of stress and emotional strain.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT true of parenting children who have a physical or mental impairment?

A) There are many difficulties associated with caring for children with special needs.
B) In their acceptance of their role as parents of exceptional children, parents undergo tremendous development as they gain knowledge of the skills necessary to meet their children's special needs.
C) As they undertake the growth required to become skilled parents of exceptional children, parents typically report that the role brings joy and satisfaction in addition to the obvious adjustments.
D) The road from disappointment and self-blame to joy and acceptance may take a while, but is a fairly easy one for parents.

Question 5

Characteristics of children with autism include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Sensory impairment characterized by over- or under-responding to noise, touch, and visual stimuli.
B) Self-stimulation.
C) Extreme resistance to environmental changes.
D) Advanced language skills.

Question 6

Which of the following statements describes children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder:

A) They tend to have language deficits
B) They display extreme resistance to environmental changes, food, everyday schedules, familiar routes, etc.
C) They display impulsive behavior
D) They tend to have lower intelligence levels

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true regarding children with learning disabilities?

A) They are often viewed as disruptive by their teachers in regular classrooms.
B) They have more difficulty in accurate perception of social cues than do children without learning disabilities.
C) They tend to be popular among their peers.
D) They are likely to be rejected by their peers.

Question 8

The paradox of emotions experienced by parents of children with exceptionalities include:

A) learning to manage internal opposing forces between loving the child as he or she is and wanting to erase the disability.
B) dealing with the child's incurability while pursing solutions.
C) maintaining hopefulness for their child's future while being given negative messages and battling their own fears.
D) All of the above

Question 9

For many parents of exceptional children, there is difficulty separating needs from services. During an Individual Education Program IEP), meeting it is important for parents to keep in mind that special education is a ______________ service delivery system.

A) Social Skills
B) Needs-Driven
C) Physical Therapy
D) Communication

Question 10

What makes autism a more stressful childhood exceptionality than many other disabilities?

A) The lack of social support .
B) The financial strain.
C) The lack of affection from the child.
D) The excessive physical demands.

Question 11

On learning of their child's impairment, parents often experience stages of grief, resentment and guilt. In spite of these difficult feelings, many parents report that:

A) The special needs of their children were not as taxing on their family as they had expected.
B) Their children have had an overall positive impact on their families and they feel hopeful for their child's future.
C) Federal regulations for special education have made raising their child with exceptionalities much more difficult.
D) They never really get over the feelings of guilt.

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT true of the characteristics of children with autism?

A) The inability to relate to other people in an ordinary manner.
B) Abnormal affect.
C) Flexibility to environmental change.
D) Inappropriate play.

Question 13

Feelings that are common during the parental adjustment to learning of their child's impairments include _____________ and being resentful of the time and energy that caring for their child will require.

A) grief over the loss of the child parents expected to have
B) feeling enraged at their frustration
C) rejection of the reality that their child is impaired
D) All of the above

Question 14

Which of the following statements related to children identified as exceptional is NOT true?

A) Whenever the development of a child deviates from the expected norm, that child is considered to be exceptional.
B) Exceptionalities are classified either as impairments or as giftedness depending on the nature of the exceptionality.
C) Children with physical, psychological, mental, intellectual impairments should be expected to learn and/or behave according to normal expectations.
D) Children identified as gifted deviate from the norm in that their talents and/or academic capabilities exceed normal expectations.

Question 15

A person first approach to language to be used to refer to individuals with exceptionalities emphasizes:

A) The difference between persons with or without exceptionalities.
B) The person before the exceptionality.
C) The impairment before the person.
D) Which person with impairments has the greatest is first in need.

Question 16

Which of the following statements describes children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder:

A) They tend to have language deficits.
B) They display extreme resistance to environmental changes, food, everyday schedules, familiar routes, etc.
C) They display impulsive behavior
D) They tend to have lower intelligence levels.

Question 17

Although attention deficit disorder, learning disabilities, and conduct disorders are distinctive exceptionalities, they share:

A) Similar diagnosis.
B) Co-occurrence of emotional impairment.
C) Similar negative reactions from parents and other adults due to the invisibleness of their exceptionalities.
D) Similar IEP services with children with physical disablements.

Question 18

Professionals who work with parents who have children with exceptionalities can best serve them by

A) Teaching parents how to understand the needs of the child, services that may be available, and how to advocate for their child's needs.
B) Facilitating workshops on the legal aspects of IDEA.
C) Advocating on behalf of the parent in an IEP
D) Advocating on behalf of classroom teachers for resolving difficulties between teachers and parents

Question 19

Children with learning disabilities often have home environments that are:

A) More supportive, with more parental attentiveness.
B) Less supportive, with more demanding parents.
C) Chaotic.
D) Unstable

Question 20

Pervasive developmental delay is characterized by patterns of impediment in the development of communicative, social, and cognitive skills that arise when?

A) In the first year of life.
B) During the preschool years
C) When children start kindergarten
D) During middle childhood

Question 21

Giftedness is demonstrated in all of the following areas of performance EXCEPT:

A) Intellectual
B) Leadership
C) Visual & performing arts
D) Sports

Question 22

The primary concern voiced by parents of children with visual impairments is anxiety regarding their children's :

A) Lack of involvement in physical activities
B) Future.
C) Peer relationships.
D) Academic performance

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT one of the suggestions by Melissa, an active teenager who has cerebral palsy?

A) Parents of children with physical disabilities should help their children by getting them involved in after-school activities, doing household chores, and participating in adapted sports.
B) Parents should work to increase public awareness of what it means to have an impairment.
C) Parents should take it easy by practicing patience with their children who have exceptionalities.
D) Parents must be aware that children with physical impairments are fragile and need to closely watched.

Question 24

Families, wherein at least one child has been identified as being gifted, have been documented as being:

A) Open with expressing ideas, thoughts and feelings.
B) Disorganized, with high levels of household chaos.
C) Authoritarian, with high levels of parental strictness
D) Permissive, with low levels of parental strictness

Question 25

It has been found that intervention programs for women recovering from domestic violence also help children with conduct disorders. The instructional strategies in these programs include:

A) Teaching the women how to discipline consistently.
B) Involving the fathers more directly with the children.
C) Teaching the women how to practice child management and nurturing skills
D) Teaching the women how to implement "harmonious cycles."

Question 26

Melissa, an active teenager who has cerebral palsy, advises parents of children who are physically impaired:

A) To limit their children's social interactions.
B) To remember the importance of mobility for a child with an ambulatory limitation.
C) To be with their children as much as they can to be responsive to their children's requests for help.
D) Not to expect their children to try to live like other children who are without physical impairments.

Question 27

Mary Zabelski, a parent of a grown child who is blind, recommends that parents of children with visual impairments:

A) Give their children with visual impairments opportunities to help others.
B) Expect their children with visual impairments to take on domestic responsibilities.
C) Express confidence in the ability of their children with visual impairments to be independent.
D) All of the above.

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the use of sign language with children who are deaf?

A) In contrast to parents who are deaf, fewer hearing parents use sign language with their child who is deaf and very few of those do so from the time of diagnosis.
B) Studies have shown that children who are deaf learn lip-reading as easily as hearing children learn spoken language.
C) Because the majority of parents of children who are deaf are members of the hearing world, the decision regarding whether or not to learn to use and to teach sign language to their child must be addressed very early.
D) There are differing beliefs regarding whether the child who is deaf should be taught sign language or should be expected to learn to lip-read and speak.

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT true of the challenges of parenting the child who is gifted?

A) Making the child who is gifted the focus of parental attention can lead to inappropriate comparisons between that child and the other children in the family.
B) Parents might find themselves treating their children who are gifted as more mature than those children actually are, thereby blurring role distinctions between children and parents.
C) Having a child who is gifted frequently becomes a barrier in developing closeness in the parent-child relationship.
D) Discovering that their child is gifted sometimes contributes to parents experiencing an exaggerated sense of responsibility to "do right by" their child.

Question 30

Children with chronic illnesses often tax parental energies and family resources. One of the difficulties associated with hospitalizations that is an unexpected problem is:

A) Fatigue and exhaustion
B) Boredom caused by excessive waiting
C) Hyperactivity
D) Exaggerated fears

Question 31

All exceptionalities require parents to divert important family resources to the care of the exceptional child. However, _________________ are associated with a variety of negative outcomes in families due to increased time spent in child care and housework, decreased maternal employment, and increased financial strain.

A) Giftedness
B) Physical Impairments
C) Conduct Disorders
D) Learning Disabilities

Question 32

Children with conduct disorders often come from families that exhibit all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:

A) Psychotic behavior
B) Overcrowding in the home
C) Maternal depression
D) Exposure to violence

Question 33

Parents of highly active children do NOT:

A) Get into power struggles and competition with their children.
B) Appear to be hostile and unresponsive to their children's needs and interests.
C) Tend to be annoyed by their children's behavior and respond to it disapprovingly.
D) Tend to be responsive to their children needs and interests.

Question 34

It is recommended that parents of a child who is gifted:

A) See the exceptionality before the child.
B) Provide the educational enrichment that their child requires.
C) Treat their child who is gifted differently than the other children in the family.
D) All of the above

Question 35

Children with learning disabilities are at greatest risk for:

A) Co-occurrence of additional cognitive disorders
B) Co-occurrence for developmental lags
C) Emotional impairments such as found in autism
D) Low self-esteem because of other's negative responses to their behavior

Question 36

Which of the following chronic health problems in children is associated with prenatal exposure to teratogens?

A) Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
B) Cystic Fibrosis
C) Sickle Cell Anemia
D) Spina Bifida

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT true of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder ADHD)?

A) Children with ADHD tend to begin but not finish numerous activities.
B) Children with ADHD tend to show uncontrolled giggling and crying.
C) Children with ADHD are unable to remain seated or calm for periods of time that are perceived as normal for other children of their age.
D) Due to their difficulty in sitting still, paying attention, and following instructions, children with ADHD are typically placed in special education classrooms.

Question 38

The role of grandparents hold special importance for families with children who have physical impairments because:

A) Grandmothers in these families provide emotional support for family members
B) Grandparents are the primary financial support for the family
C) The financial support of the grandparents helps with expenses not covered by insurance
D) Grandparents step in as surrogate parents

Question 39

Which of the following statements describes children with conduct disorders?

A) They have repetitive, rhythmic behaviors that are self-soothing and comforting
B) They have repetitive persistent patterns of behaviors that violate societal norms
C) They are self mutilating
D) They are chronically depressed and suicidal

Question 40

When parenting a gifted child, parents must be cautious to:

A) "Do right by their child" and make sure they provide them with everything possible to develop the child's talents.
B) Rely on the gifted thinking capabilities of the child as a resource in making decisions.
C) Avoid thinking that the child is more mature than his or her actual emotional development.

Question 41

Exceptionalities are classified as either ________________ or giftedness. Children with _____________ have physical, mental, emotional, psychological or physical conditions that make it difficult for them to learn, and/or behave according to normal expectations.

Question 42

Parents of children who are autistic have a higher rate of divorce than other parents. Which of the following does NOT influence the likelihood of divorce for these parents.

A) Younger maternal age when the child with autism was born
B) Having the child born later in the birth order
C) Older maternal age when the child with autism was born

Question 43

Children with ________________ often have difficulties with perceiving, processing, storing and understanding information.

Question 44

When we say, "the child who is blind," rather than, "the blind child," we are using ____________ _________ ____________.

Question 45

Guidelines for parents of children who are gifted include all the following EXCEPT:

A) It is not necessary to read to young children who are gifted if they can read for themselves.
B) Discover, not charter, your child's identity.
C) Support your child's friendships.
D) Read on your own.

Question 46

Whenever the development of a child deviates from the expected norm that child is considered to be ______________.

Question 47

For parents who are caring for a chronically-ill child, which of the following is NOT true?

A) For a parent who is caring for a sick child, the caregiver role tends to compromise the parent's ability to function in other roles, including the role of parent to the other children in the family.
B) The stress of a child's chronic illness does not alter the relationships parents have with the child who is ill or with their other children.
C) As a result of having a member with a chronic illness, other family members might develop special needs and require specialized care and/or family therapy.
D) One alteration in the family that occurs when a child is chronically ill is that parents especially mothers) tend to modify the family environment to better accommodate the child who is ill.

Question 48

Children are identified as _________ when they have demonstrated exceptional abilities and/or have shown themselves as being capable of high academic performance.

Question 49

A ___________ is an device for supporting the person with a physical impairment in a standing position.

Question 50

Children with ____________ _________ _________ have difficulty in focusing their attention, are easily distracted, display impulsive behavior, have trouble waiting their turns and tend to begin but not finish numerous activities.

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT true for children who are chronically ill?

A) They require more care within the household as well as more medical assistance outside the household in comparison to healthy children.
B) Their medical treatment and periods of recuperation in the hospital as well as at home) are stressful on the child as well as on the parent.
C) Sick children are able to gain attention from adults and entertain themselves as easily as are healthy, active children.
D) Children's reactions to the stresses of chronic illness depend a great deal on the ways in which their parents, foster parents, or guardians, respond to their special needs.

Question 52

A child with a _____________ disability has at least a normal intelligence level but has problems with achievement in a particular subject area.

Question 53

Children with _______ have impairments in social interaction, language as used in social interaction, and/or imaginative play.

Question 54

Whereas many families with children with physical impairments do not have the level of support that they need, many others benefit from assistance from the child's grandparents. Which of the following describes the role of grandmothers in these families?

A) They tend to provide emotional support for family members.
B) They often serve as secondary caregivers
C) They help parents to maintain a positive emotional outlook and to avoid physical exhaustion
D) All of the above

Question 55

Which of the following does NOT describe parents of children with intellectual disabilities?

A) Parents who believe that their child's improvement is controllable are more responsive to the child.
B) Parents who believe that their child's improvement is controllable are more involved in their child's treatment.
C) Parental mindfulness, or present-focused attention is an important predictor of successful parenting in families with children with intellectual disabilities.
D) Fathers who report more parent-centered attention in their relationships with their children use more avoidance in relation to their children.

Question 56

In interviews of parents of children with disabilities, which of the following theme/s emerged as the most prominent barrier/s to parental well-being?

A) Access to information and services
B) Financial barriers,
C) School and community inclusion
D) Family support
E) All of the above

Question 57

Exceptionalities are classified either as impairments or as _____________ depending on the nature of the exceptionality.

Question 58

It has been recommended that parents of children with attention deficit disorder need to interrupt the negative cycle of parent-child interactions through all of the following approaches EXCEPT:

A) Positive interaction with their parents
B) Engagement in constructive activities
C) A reduction of their children's activities
D) Structure, routine and predictability in their lives

Question 59

Which of the following describes the unique needs of families that have a child with a chronic illness?

A) The parental caregiver role of a child with a life-threatening illness interferes with the parents ability to care for the other children.
B) Parents of children with chronic illnesses are vulnerable to depression and marital discord.
C) These families are at a greater risk for financial hardship since parents often lose their jobs due to missing work to care for their sick children.
D) All of the above
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK

Question 60

In young children, mental impairment is frequently labeled as __________ ____________ ________, to allow for the possibility that the child will catch up to normal, age-appropriate development.

Question 61

Whereas many families with children with physical impairments do not have the level of support that they need, many others benefit from assistance from the child's grandparents. In what ways does grandparent assistance help these families?

Question 62

Children with __________ ___________ have congenital birth defects, diseases such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy, or have been involved in accidents that have caused them to have impaired motor control.

Question 63

Provide reasons given in Chapter 11 why younger and more disadvantaged parents unemployed or in bad health) who care for their children with disabilities report more satisfaction in that role than do older, more advantaged parents.

Question 64

Explain why "person first" language is important when talking about someone with exceptionalities.

Question 65

Parents of children with autism have a higher rate of divorce than other parents. Younger maternal age and the child born _______ in the life cycle both influence the higher likelihood of divorce for these parents.

Question 66

What are the gender differences in parental responses to their daughters and sons with ADHD?

Question 67

What are the advantages of mindfulness training for parents of children with conduct disorders?

Question 68

In interviews with parents of children with chronic illnesses, the following four themes emerged: access to information and services, __________ barriers, school and community inclusion, and family support.

Question 69

Why do you think that Melissa qualifies as an "expert" in how to parent a child with a physical impairment? What insights are Melissa able to offer parents that others cannot.

Question 70

Describe parental attitudes and behaviors that prevent a child's exceptionality from becoming handicapping.

Question 71

Explain how you would address the necessity of promoting the self-esteem of children with learning disabilities or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder when talking to the parents of those children.

Question 72

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act IDEA), is based on six basic guidelines. What are those guidelines?

Question 73

Even though some parents might not realize it, every time they stand up for their children's rights or speak up for their needs in an IEP meeting, they model an essential ___________skill.

Question 74

What is the role of parents of children with disabilities in IEP meetings and what are some of the challenges they face in participating in those meetings?

Question 75

Please describe what you would say to a group of parents who have children with either learning disabilities or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder about the common needs of their children with either of those exceptionalities.

Question 76

Parents of children with autism have a higher rate of divorce than other parents although some of these parents are more likely to divorce than others. Which factors contribute to higher rates of divorce for these families.

Question 77

In interviews with parents of children with chronic illnesses, what four themes emerged as the most prominent barriers for those parents?