Deck 2: Parenting Patterns and the Effect of Culture and Context

Question 1

Which of the following outcomes for children is/are associated with having permissive parents?

A) These children have lower academic achievement in comparison to children from authoritative families.
B) They tend to lack impulse control as well and to be more immature, less self reliant, less socially responsible, and less independent in comparison to children of authoritative parents.
C) Growing up in a permissive household has been associated with heavy drinking among adolescents
D) All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Children of _____________ parents have the highest levels of self-actualization when compared to children of parents who have adopted other styles of child socialization.

A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) permissive
D) indulgent

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT true of authoritarian families?

A) Children are expected to look to their parents for approval and answers to problems.
B) Rules are set by the parent without discussion with the child.
C) Parents direct their children's activities but in a rational, issue-oriented manner.
D) Parents tend to favor punitive, forceful measure to curb what they believe to be their children's willful nature.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The encouragement of children's participation in _____________ by authoritative parents appears to provide children with the experience needed to engage in thoughtful and responsible behavior.

A) Domestic chores
B) Volunteer activities
C) Decision making
D) All of the above

Question 5

Which of the following statements describes indulgent parents?

A) They have clear expectations for their children.
B) They set limits for their children and provide consequences for their actions.
C) They view discipline and control as being potentially damaging to children's developing creativity.
D) They are mature with a deep sense of social responsibility.

Question 6

Which of the following describes children whose parents are authoritarian?

A) They are likely to be high achievers.
B) They tend to be cooperative with peers, siblings and adults.
C) They are less likely to exhibit behavior problems.
D) They tend to be dependent, passive and conforming.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT true of authoritarian parenting?

A) The authoritarian style of rearing children is considered to be conducive to positive outcomes for children.
B) Authoritarian parents intimidate their children rather than promoting their feelings of self-worth.
C) The authoritarian style of parenting promotes child socialization behaviors that robs children of their human spirit.
D) Authoritarian-oriented beliefs and attitudes are firmly grounded in Early American childrearing patterns in the United States.

Question 8

Which of the following is true of authoritative parents?

A) They direct their children's activities in an irrational manner.
B) They refrain from displaying firm control.
C) They recognize their children's individual interests and unique personalities.
D) They do not provide warmth and support to their children.

Question 9

Girls reared in which of the following homes are particularly at risk for early sexual behaviors?

A) authoritarian
B) permissive
C) indulgent
D) overprotective

Question 10

Which of the following statements describes permissive parents?

A) They are well organized and effective in running their households.
B) They engage less in independence training of their children.
C) They do not allow their children to regulate their own behavior.
D) They tend to have high levels of self-confidence

Question 11

Which of the following statements describes children of indulgent parents?

A) They are likely to be irresponsible and immature.
B) They are less likely than are other children to conform to their peers.
C) They are less likely to be involved in risk behaviors such as crime and delinquency than are children whose parents are authoritative.
D) They tend to be obedient to their parents.

Question 12

Boys reared in which of the following homes are particularly at risk for early sexual behaviors?

A) authoritarian
B) permissive
C) indulgent
D) overprotective

Question 13

Which parenting pattern has been linked with children's psychosocial maturity, resourcefulness, reasoning ability, empathy, and altruism?

A) authoritarian
B) authoritative
C) permissive
D) indulgent

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of authoritative parents?

A) Authoritative parents set standards for their children regarding expectations for future conduct.
B) Authoritative parents expect unquestioned obedience at all times.
C) Authoritative parents are willing to explain to their children the reasons for expected behavior.
D) Authoritative parents are willing to discuss with their children the behavioral guidelines they have set.

Question 15

Which statement best describes children of authoritarian parents?

A) Children of authoritarian parents have been found to have higher levels of psychosocial maturity and the highest levels of self-actualization.
B) Children whose parents are authoritarian tend to be less self-assured and less socially adept than are other children.

Question 16

In comparison to parents with other childrearing patterns, indulgent parents are:

A) Highest in involvement with their children and lowest in strictness with their children.
B) Lowest in involvement with their children and highest in strictness with their children.
C) Lowest in both involvement and strictness with their children.
D) Highest in both involvement and strictness with their children.

Question 17

Authoritarian parents do all the following EXCEPT:

A) Encourage their children to think for themselves
B) Emphasize respect for parents.
C) Emphasize obedience from their children.
D) Discourage their children from freely expressing their feelings.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a child socialization pattern typically found in the dominant culture of the United States?

A) Authoritative
B) Amae
C) Permissive
D) Indulgent

Question 19

Which of the following describes children from authoritative families:

A) They tend to be dependent, passive, and conforming.
B) They tend to be cooperative with peers, siblings, and adults.
C) They are more likely to exhibit behavior problems.
D) They are less happy than children from families of other parenting style.

Question 20

Which of the following reflects the values of authoritarian parents?

A) Assigning household responsibilities in order to instill respect for work.
B) Restricting children's autonomy
C) Keeping children in their place.
D) All of the above.

Question 21

Children from all ethnic groups in all societies benefit:

A) When parents use authoritarian parenting patterns.
B) If they think they are loved and appreciated.
C) Are firmly disciplined using techniques of time-out and withholding of affection.
D) When parented using authoritative parenting patterns.

Question 22

Adolescent children of indifferent parents tend to have:

A) Higher incidents of drug/alcohol use, earlier sexual involvement, and higher rates of delinquency.
B) Higher levels of social maturity, increased sense of self-worth, and higher levels of attainment of self-actualization.
C) Higher levels of academic achievement and personal creativity and a stronger sense of self-management.

Question 23

As in studies of non-Western parenting patterns, the style of child socialization seen in many American ethnic minority families has often been mislabeled by researchers as:

A) Authoritative.
B) Authoritarian.
C) Permissive.
D) Indulgent

Question 24

Which of the following statements describes Baumrind's traditional parenting pattern?

A) High Demandingness, High Responsiveness, Intergenerational Belief System
B) High Demandingness, Low Responsiveness, Intergenerational Belief System
C) Low Demandingness, High Responsiveness, Intergenerational Belief System
D) Low Demandingness, Low Responsiveness, Intergenerational Belief System

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT true of the indifferent pattern of parenting?

A) Indifferent parents have either rejected their children or for various reasons do not expend the necessary time and energy required of the parenting role.
B) Indifferent parents' goal appears to be to minimize the amount of time and emotion devoted to childrearing.
C) Indifferent parents tend to have life problems and stressors that limit their availability to their children.
D) The indifferent pattern of parenting is unusual for parents of adolescent children.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT true of the African American family?

A) The mutual support of extended family members.
B) Communal parenting responsibilities.
C) A large network of extended family
D) The extended family network in the African American community appears to be a financial rather than a cultural phenomenon.

Question 27

An important component of child socialization in ethnic minority families is _____________, which acts as a buffer against negative racial messages in the environment.

A) The promotion of the self
B) Independence training
C) Racial socialization
D) An emphasis on personal boundaries

Question 28

Which of the following parents have heightened surveillance of their children's lives by physically shadowing them when they are participating in a variety of activities.

A) Overprotective parents
B) Indulgent parents
C) Authoritarian parents
D) All of the above

Question 29

The term socioeconomic status refers to social class and includes:

A) Income level, occupational status, and ethnicity.
B) Income level, educational level, and ethnicity.
C) Income level, educational level, and occupational status.
D) Income level, religiosity, and ethnicity.

Question 30

Parents living within lower levels of socioeconomic status SES) often:

A) Adopt a more parent-centered child-rearing approach.
B) Adopt a child-centered child-rearing approach.
C) Talk more with their children than do higher SES parents.
D) Seek to understand their children's feelings and motivation.

Question 31

It appears that the _____________ child-rearing pattern, conceptualized by Baumrind in 1987, might more appropriately describe the child socialization approach found among American ethnic minority families as well as the child socialization pattern seen in non-Western cultures.

A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Traditional
D) Permissive

Question 32

In studies of American child-socialization patterns, the ______________ parenting style has been associated most often with positive outcomes for children.

A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Permissive
D) Indulgent

Question 33

The benefits of racial socialization include which of the following?

A) Includes providing a home that is rich in racial culture.
B) Contributes to racial identity.
C) Helps children acquire higher levels of factual knowledge and better problem solving skills.
D) All of the above

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT true of families in traditional cultures?

A) The responsibilities of parents are extended to grandparents and other family members.
B) Children often are closer to their grandparents than they are to their parents.
C) Relationships with grandparents are not highly valued.
D) Young men generally continue to live with their parents.

Question 35

Which of the following statements describe indifferent parents?

A) They provide clear guidelines for their children regarding expected behavior.
B) They frequently express concern for their children.
C) They seem uninvolved and even uninterested in their children's development.
D) They require responsible behavior from their children.

Question 36

Which of the following parents are likely to yield to coercion and manipulation from their children?

A) authoritative parents
B) overprotective parents
C) indulgent parents
D) authoritarian parents

Question 37

Children who perceive inconsistency between their parents' child-rearing styles are:

A) Higher on self-esteem, self-control, and school performance.
B) Higher on self-esteem.
C) Lower on self-esteem, self-control, and school performance.
D) Higher on self-control, and lower on self-esteem.

Question 38

Which of the following parental approaches is NOT true of non-Western families?

A) Individualistic cultural beliefs guide parental practices.
B) Explanation and discussion of directives is an extremely rare parental approach.
C) Compliance of children is expected without explanation or question.
D) In traditional cultures of China, Japan, Vietnam, and South Korea, the role of the parent carries more authority than does the role of the parent in the West.

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT true of research focused on child socialization?

A) Almost all research focused on child socialization patterns has taken place in the United States.
B) Most of the research on child socialization patterns has focused on European American parents.
C) The most striking finding is how popular authoritative parenting is in other cultural groups.
D) In non-Western families we frequently see a style of child socialization that, although often labeled as authoritarian, actually falls somewhere between authoritarian and authoritative.

Question 40

An example of parent-child closeness in non-Western cultures is demonstrated by the cultural norm of _____________ in the Japanese culture which emphasizes close, affectionate mother-child relationships as the foundation for parenting.

A) Taibatsu
B) Shitsuke
C) Amae
D) Haiku

Question 41

Which of the following IS NOT true for children of overprotective parents who disagree with parental concerns?

A) They place themselves in the position of risk taking that is not guided by their parents.
B) Drug usage, time spent unsupervised on the street, and early sexual initiation are common activities among these children and adolescents.
C) Minor criminal activities are common among these children and adolescents.
D) All of the above.

Question 42

Children of ______________ parents are likely to be irresponsible and immature.

Question 43

Inconsistent parenting has been related to ALL BUT the following outcomes for children?

A) Adolescents' deviant peer affiliations
B) Adolescents' internalizing behaviors
C) Drinking behaviors and eating disorders among college women
D) Lower self-esteem, self-control, and school performance

Question 44

In studies of American child-socialization patterns the ______________ parenting style has been associated most often with positive outcomes for children.

Question 45

_____________ parents believe in rational discipline accomplished through parent-child interactions that are friendly as well as tutorial and disciplining.

Question 46

Children who agree with the parental concerns of overprotective parents tend to:

A) Become withdrawn and have a more external locus of control, which places them at risk for low academic achievement
B) Be susceptible for anxiety disorders, and low physical activity due to not being allowed to participate in physical activity programs
C) Have lower levels of motivation.
D) All of the above

Question 47

Parental conflict has been associated with which of the following parenting patterns?

A) Inconsistent parenting
B) permissive parenting
C) authoritative parenting
D) overprotective parenting

Question 48

Love, warmth and nurturance are all aspects of ______________ ______________ that reflects the degree to which a parent attends to the child's needs in an accepting, supportive manner.

Question 49

_____________ refers to the experience of heightened aesthetic, creative, philosophical, and spiritual understanding.

Question 50

Alice Miller 1990) labeled authoritarian belief as the _____________ _____________, charging that such beliefs rob children of their human spirit and inhibit their normal emotional development.

Question 51

_____________ parents tend to be self-effacing individuals who are insecure in their abilities to influence their children.

Question 52

_____________ parents frequently use forceful means to obtain their children's compliance to rules.

Question 53

Children of parents who are ______________________ are less happy than children whose parents are authoritative or authoritarian.

Question 54

Which of the following Latino terms refers to the institution of godparenting, which names persons as protectors of newborns and others passing through important life
Events such as baptism, 15th birthday, or marriage?

A) Compadrazgo
B) Confianza
C) Compadre
D) All of the above
FILL-IN-THE-BLANKS

Question 55

The parenting patterns observed in Non-Western societies reflects ____________ cultural beliefs.

Question 56

Which of the following is NOT true of the influence of religiosity on parenting patterns?

A) Recent studies of parental values and family functioning have indicated that religiosity might be a better predictor of authoritative than authoritarian parenting.
B) Parental religiosity serves to organize family interactions in African American families that are economically disadvantaged by promoting higher quality parent-child relationships and by reducing coercive and inconsistent discipline.
C) Spiritual wellness or an ethical value system is one of the qualities found in healthy families.
D) The authority of religion in the daily lives of families today is somewhat stronger than in past generations.

Question 57

_________parents do not provide their children with limits and guidelines but grant them instead the freedom to do as they please.

Question 58

_______________ _____________ are individuals who have taken on the responsibilities of parents.

Question 59

Which of the following Latino terms refers to an honor and obligation ingrained in a shared desire and disposition to initiate and maintain a relationship of
Mutual exchange.

A) Compadrazgo
B) Confianza
C) Compadre
D) All of the above

Question 60

Religiosity in relation to parenting patterns has been found:

A) To not influence parenting styles in contemporary America.
B) To be associated with positive parenting practices.
C) To be related to indifferent parenting.
D) To be related to permissive parenting.

Question 61

Considering the effects of childrearing patterns on children's academic performance, what would you recommend to parents regarding ways to promote their children's academic achievement?

Question 62

With the exception of _____________, all Americans trace their cultural origins to various countries with different belief and values.

Question 63

Describe some of the negative consequences for children whose parents are authoritarian.

Question 64

Identify the similarities between the authoritative parenting style and the traditional parenting style and also what distinguishes those patterns from each other.

Question 65

______________ is a Latino term which refers to the institution of godparenting,
which names persons as protectors of newborns and others passing through
important life events such as baptism, 15th birthday, or marriage.

Question 66

An important component of child socialization in ethnic minority families is _____________ _____________, which acts as a buffer against negative racial messages in the environment.

Question 67

Describe some examples of how indifferent parents iaffect their children's lives.

Question 68

________________ discipline by parents as they were growing up has been linked
to drinking behaviors and eating disorders among college women.

Question 69

List several positive outcomes of children whose parents are authoritative.

Question 70

A family's social status, income, education and occupation are all factors in determining _______________ _______________.

Question 71

Describe some of the behaviors of indulgent parents and also provide examples of negative outcomes of indulgent parenting.

Question 72

Based on their high levels of closeness to their children, Arnett suggests that non-Western parents come closer to the _____________ style than to the _____________ style.

Question 73

The practice of sharing parenting responsibilities with grandparents and other family members is often found in ________ __________ and non-Western families.

Question 74

What influences a parent's child rearing practices? Why might a parent adopt a permissive, authoritarian, authoritative or traditional style of parenting?

Question 75

________________ is a Latino term which refers to is described as an honor and
obligation ingrained in a shared desire and disposition to initiate and maintain a
relationship of mutual exchange.

Question 76

____________ refers to the extent to which religious beliefs are manifested in a person's daily life.

Question 77

How does culture influence one's parenting practices? What kind of parenting practices are most valued in your culture? Explain.

Question 78

_____________ refers to a group of people who live and interact with each other because they share a common geographical area.

Question 79

The __________________ style of parenting places value on keeping children in their place, restricting, autonomy and assigning household responsibilities in order to instill respect for work.

Question 80

In explaining ________________parenting, it has been suggested that
preoccupation and distress arising from spousal conflict is particularly likely to
disrupt parenting practices that require emotional sensitivity and responsiveness.