Deck 3: Parents and Children in Varied Family Contexts

Question 1

Most important to children's post-divorce adjustment is/are:

A) Economic resources.
B) Positive nurturing relationships with both parents.
C) Low levels of parental and family conflict.
D) All of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In homes where mothers have custody following divorce, which factor/s contribute to children's adjustment following parental divorce?

A) Mothers' childrearing behaviors, especially, warmth, concern, and caring.
B) The emotional well-being of custodial parents.
C) Positive events that act as buffers against stress for children and adolescents in families that are in transition.
D) All of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The process of emotional adjustment to divorce typically takes place:

A) Within 6 weeks following the divorce.
B) With 6 months following the divorce.
C) During the final weeks of the legal process as the reality begins to set in.
D) For 1 to 2 years during the period leading up to and immediately following parental separation and divorce.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which statement best describes divorced custodial parental control?

A) Divorced custodial parents tend to exercise less parental control of their children than parents from never-divorced families.
B) After the transitional period of adjustment there are no significant differences in parental patterns of divorced and never-divorced parents.

Question 5

Adoptions of older children are more likely to have their placements disrupted due to:

A) Unexpected financial needs of the adopting parents making it difficult to pay the expenses of adoption.
B) Unexpected health needs of the child making it necessary for the State to reclaim the child.
C) Biological parents asking for their child back.
D) Traumas experienced earlier in life complicating the adopted child's adjustment.

Question 6

Research findings show that single fathers become more _____________ following divorce.

A) authoritative
B) authoritarian
C) permissive
D) indulgent

Question 7

Which of the following does NOT contribute to the likelihood of divorced mothers using authoritarian patterns of parenting?

A) High levels of stress
B) High levels of depression
C) High levels of social support
D) High levels of conflict with ex-spouse

Question 8

Research findings show that single mothers become more _____________ following divorce.

A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) permissive
D) indulgent

Question 9

Children whose parents divorce are:

A) At greater risk for academic failure if their parents do not remarry quickly.
B) At no greater risk for behavior problems unless there are multiple parental relationship disruptions.
C) At greater risk for developmental difficulties if they are girls.
D) At an increased risk for behavior problems if their mother remains single.

Question 10

Which of the following describes the way in which parental divorce contributes to changes in finances for parents and their children?

A) It imposes an educational disadvantage on children, mainly by reducing secondary school completion.
B) Variations in parental resources resulting from divorce have a negative effect on the socioeconomic attainment of adult children.
C) Following a divorce, residential parents and their children undergo a dramatic change in their standard of living.
D) Following a divorce, noncustodial parents undergo a dramatic change in their standard of living.

Question 11

Research on stepfamilies suggests that:

A) Stepchildren tend to reject stepfathers who engage in discipline and control early in the relationship.
B) Stepchildren do not do well emotionally and do poorly in school.
C) Custodial mothers report higher levels of marital satisfaction when stepfathers become the household disciplinarian.
D) Stepparents who teach their stepchildren new hobbies, that reflect the stepparents' interests, are better received by the children.

Question 12

Many American parents adopt children from races that differ from their own. In those adoptions, which of the following is true?

A) The race of the child usually does not factor into the adoption decision.
B) African American children are the most likely to be adopted.
C) Parents who adopt African American children tend to be younger, White rather than non-African American racial minorities), lesbians, and people who consider their communities to be more diverse.
D) When African American children are adopted into families in which their parents are not African American, the adjustment of these children tends to be unsatisfactory.

Question 13

Adopted multiracial children with White parents experience highly-racialized worlds. Which of the following theme IS NOT particularly salient to these children's growing up experiences?

A) the absence of racial resemblance
B) navigating discordant parent-child racial experiences
C) managing societal perceptions of transracial adoptions
D) less satisfactory adjustment than other children

Question 14

Adoptive parents have been found to:

A) Be more informed about the demands of parenting than birth parents.
B) Have little preparation or support for coping with parenthood.
C) Have less father involvement in adoptive families in comparison to other nontraditional families.
D) Have difficulty developing healthy attachments with their adopted children.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT TRUE regarding international adoption?

A) Children who come from other countries tend to have positive feelings regarding the adoption.
B) Parent who adopt children from other countries tend to have negative feelings regarding the adoption.
C) Even when there were negative evaluations associated with children who had difficulties with behavior, those evaluations are within an overall positive picture.

Question 16

Factors that predict higher levels of nurturing and involvement of noncustodial fathers include all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Higher socioeconomic status
B) Mother sole custody
C) Joint custody
D) Early contact greater percentage of time spent with children postdivorce).

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT true of children of post-divorce families?

A) The relocation of either parent has a direct and immediate impact on the physical contact between children and their non-resident parent.
B) Most children of divorced parents are in the custody of their mothers.
C) Alterations in children's lives due to parental divorce are stressful, requiring considerable adjustment.
D) Children have better developmental outcomes in families where single parents use an authoritarian parenting pattern.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true of mother-headed families?

A) Based on statistics related to family incomes, women heads of households can expect to have financial difficulties.
B) Single divorced mothers have been found to rely more on authoritarian patterns of interacting with their children following divorce.
C) Single mothers tend to increase their responsiveness toward their children following divorce.
D) Single custodial mothers and their children are more likely to live in poverty than are single custodial fathers and their children.

Question 19

In which of the following circumstances do children whose parents divorce fare better?

A) When they are in the custodial care of their father with limited contact with their mother.
B) When they have close supportive relationships with their custodial parent.

Question 20

Which of the following is important for children's post-divorce adjustment?

A) Economic resources
B) Positive nurturing relationships with both parents.
C) Low levels of parental and family conflict.
D) All of the above

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT true of stressors for stepfamilies?

A) Remarriage represents another transition in the lives of parents and children who have already undergone adjustments related to parental divorce and the restructuring of their family system.
B) The stepfamily suffers economic disadvantages that are similar to single-parent families.
C) The role of stepparent in the family is not clearly defined.
D) Members of stepfamilies are subjected to prejudices and stereotypes related to societal views of the stepfamily.

Question 22

Mothers of adolescent mothers are the most reliable source of assistance in the early phases of childrearing by providing:

A) Transportation
B) Nurturance
C) Employment
D) Tutoring

Question 23

Most stepfamily households consist of:

A) The father, his children from a previous marriage, and a stepmother.
B) The father, his children from a previous marriage, and a stepmother and her children from previous marriage.
C) The mother, her children from a previous marriage, and a stepfather.
D) The mother, her children from a previous marriage, and the children's grandparents.

Question 24

Research suggests that the best way to help young fathers is to:

A) Teach them how to play with their children.
B) Help them finish high school.
C) Improving their relationship with their own fathers'.
D) Strengthen earning power through education and job training.

Question 25

Which of the following statements is NOT true of parents who are Gay or Lesbian?

A) Families headed by gay or lesbian parents are often indistinguishable from those headed by heterosexual couples.
B) Gay men find it easier than lesbian women to become parents through insemination or surrogacy.
C) Societal prejudice related to sexual orientation is the main difference between gay or lesbian parents and heterosexual parents.
D) A common pathway to parenting for lesbian mothers is to maintain custody of her children from a previous heterosexual marriage.

Question 26

Adolescent parents and their children are at increased risk for negative outcomes. However, __________ __________ is the most influential for improving resiliency.

A) financial support
B) community support
C) family support
D) geographic location

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a common experience for adolescent mothers?

A) Encouragement and social approval.
B) Struggles adapting to the parenting role.
C) Criticism from their own mothers' regarding their lifestyles.
D) Unmet expectations regarding the baby's father.

Question 28

Adolescent fathers, as compared to their peers who do not become fathers are:

A) Financially more responsible.
B) More likely to engage in high-risk behaviors.
C) More likely to finish high school.
D) More "child centered" as a parent in later life.

Question 29

An adolescent's mother's lack of prenatal care places her at greater risk for which of the following pregnancy complications?

A) Giving bring to newborns weighing more than 10 pounds
B) Having Jaundiced infants
C) Quicker labor and delivery because of smaller developed infants
D) High blood pressure and anemia

Question 30

Developmental tasks of adolescent mothers that might conflict with the demands of motherhood include _____________ and striving for independence.

A) The development of a self-identity.
B) The need for peer acceptance.
C) Desiring relationships with romantic partners. .
D) All of the above

Question 31

In comparison to older pregnant females, pregnant teens are:

A) Likely to gain adequate weight during pregnancy.
B) Less likely to get prenatal care.
C) Less likely to smoke and to ingest unhealthy substances.
D) All of the above

Question 32

Which of the following is true of teenage parents?

A) One of the most serious disadvantages of adolescent parenthood is a lower level of education.
B) Pregnancy has been cited as the most common reason among adolescent girls for failing to complete high school
C) Among teenage parents failing to complete high school is especially true for European American girls.
D) They tend to function less effectively in several realms in comparison to their peers.

Question 33

In the movie, "The Kids Are Alright," which of the following is true?

A) the parents are lesbian mothers
B) the children were conceived by means of donor insemination
C) Both of the above

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT true of stepfamily relationships?

A) Most studies of stepfamily relationships and processes have focused on stepfathers' relationships with children.
B) Children in stepfamilies are at more risk for problems than are children in first-married families.
C) The differences between stepchildren and children living in first-marriage families are small.
D) Most stepchildren have emotional or behavioral problems and don't do well in school.

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT true of blended families?

A) Having nontraditional siblings living in the same household poses problems for children.
B) Biological children in blended families have poorer outcomes than those in traditional two-parent families.
C) A blended family includes two adults and the children from the former relationships of one or both parents as well as from the new partnership
D) Biological children in blended families have better outcomes than those in traditional two-parent families.

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT true of adolescent mothers?

A) Adolescent mothers tend to have problematic relationships with their children.
B) Adolescent mothers, when compared with older mothers, have been found to have comparable parenting skills in a number of areas.
C) Adolescent mothers are less competent parents by virtue of their youth.
D) Adolescent mothers have several common sources of stress including lower incomes, lower levels of support, and interrupted educational experiences.

Question 37

The most effective relationship-building strategies for stepparents are:

A) Dyadic activities chosen by the stepchildren.
B) Engaging in discipline and control early in the relationship.
C) Not trying to make special efforts to build close relationships with the children
D) Trying to act like a biological parent.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT true of the role of stepparent?

A) In comparison to parents, stepparents more carefully monitor the children's behavior.
B) Stepparents are less certain about their role in the stepfamily than are other members.
C) Some stepfathers deal with the issue of role confusion and stepparent identity by assuming a parental role.
D) Most stepmothers and many stepfathers especially nonresidential ones) see themselves as a friend to their stepchildren or in some role between a friend and a parent.

Question 39

Which of the following does not contribute to children's adjustment following their parents' divorce?

A) Parental monitoring
B) Permissive discipline
C) Age-appropriate expectations
D) When a parent avoids negative disclosures to them regarding the relationship with the other parent

Question 40

Studies of adolescent fathers have found them to be _____________

A) frightened about becoming parents.
B) uncaring of their children.
C) uninvolved with their children.
D) financially independent of their parents.

Question 41

Which of the following is true regarding research on the effect of family disruption between gay and lesbian couples?

A) Research findings have shown significant differences with heterosexual families experiencing more behavior problems and depression in children.
B) Research findings have shown significant differences with gay and lesbian families experiencing more behavior problems and depression in children.
C) This research has been overlooked by family scholars because gay and lesbian couples are seen as cohabitating rather than as a family.

Question 42

Divorced _____________ parents tend to exercise less parental control of their children than never-divorced parents.

Question 43

Increasing the ____________ _____________ of teenage mothers can be done through family support and the nurturing of adolescent mother's with their daughters.

Question 44

A potential source of support for the grandparent-grandchildren household is from: _____________.

A) The extended family system
B) Social service agencies
C) Friends
D) All of the above

Question 45

Research has demonstrated that the sexual orientation of gay/lesbian parents:

A) Affects their ability to parent
B) Affects the outcomes of their children.
C) Affects neither their ability to parent nor outcomes among their children.
D) Does not affect the level of support they receive from their own parents

Question 46

Both lesbian women and gay men are more likely than are heterosexual men and women to form _____________ relationships based on the principle of equality of partners.

Question 47

Which of the following statements describes the role of Surrogate parents?

A) Persons who have stepped into the parental role to ensure that children have caring homes.
B) Neighborhood parents who watch out for their friends children on their way to and from school.
C) Caregivers who provide care in orphanages.
D) Extended family relatives who provide child care for working mothers.

Question 48

Increases in foster care can be attributed to

A) Increases in per-child stipends paid to foster care parents.
B) Increases in reported cases of child abuse and neglect.
C) Decreases in state-operated orphanages.
D) Decrease in grandparents being willing to take care of their grandchildren.

Question 49

Gay or lesbian parents often experience:

A) Intergenerational nurturing for their children.
B) Few legal rights and limited access to parental leave, family assistance benefits, and joint health insurance.
C) Basic civil liberties that protect their family from discrimination and harassment.
D) More social acceptance in rural communities because of the secluded nature in which families live in the country

Question 50

Equally shared family responsibilities or, ____________ ______________, is based on the principle of equality of partners without reference to traditional gender roles.

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT true of gay/lesbian stepfamilies?

A) Gay/lesbian parents are confronted with prejudices related to their sexual orientation.
B) The prejudices toward gay people create an image of homosexuality as incompatible with family.
C) Gay/lesbian parents are usually able to take intergenerational support for granted.
D) Gay and lesbian parenthood is more acceptable today than it was ten years ago.

Question 52

_____________ ____________ refers to the way in which a family is constructed and how family members are connected.

Question 53

Though foster home care can be beneficial for children in abusive and neglectful homes, ensuring a good placement is difficult. Two factors associated with effective foster parenting are:

A) Multiple socioeconomic resources and a permissive parenting style
B) Religiosity and an autocratic parenting style
C) Emotional stability and a genuine like for children

Question 54

Research has demonstrated that lesbian mothers:

A) Are less likely to adopt male friends as male role models for their children
B) Have fewer men participating in the lives of their children in comparison to single, heterosexual mothers.
C) Have less cooperative relations with their ex-spouses
D) None of the above

Question 55

Which of the following statements describes the situation where grandparents are raising their grandchildren?

A) This is an increasing phenomenon that takes place only within the African American culture.
B) These usually made-up of grandfathers providing financial support to their grandchildren.
C) This arrangement is beneficial for grandchildren and supports resiliency by providing a dependable adult in their lives.
D) This is a decreasing phenomena since most family courts oppose placing children in the homes of their grandparents.

Question 56

In the case of grandparents rearing grandchildren, respite care refers to grandparents needing:

A) Temporary care for children to allow the grandparents' time to relax, take care of errands, or to participate in leisurely activities.
B) In-home assistance provided by social services to help with household chores and self-care responsibilities.

Question 57

Children in foster care are at greater risk for all of the following problems EXCEPT:

A) Lowest measures of intelligence.
B) Greatest incidence of mental health services.
C) Highest risk of suicide.
D) Lowest measures of well-being.

Question 58

Which of the following is NOT true of foster parents and/or foster children?

A) "Awareness of the need for foster care" is the most influential factor in helping individuals to make the decision of whether or not to become foster parents.
B) The unplanned removal of children from foster homes can be traumatic for children and may interfere with the child's later formation of intimate relationships.
C) It is important for foster parents to remain sufficiently distant to avoid becoming attached to foster children.
D) Effective foster parents provide care that promotes spiritual, emotional, intellectual, and physical development.
FILL IN THE BLANKS

Question 59

Members of the _______ ________; grandparents, aunts, uncles, or other relatives, are frequently valuable sources of social support for children experiencing divorce.

Question 60

The rise in foster care placement coincides with an increase of reported cases of _____________ in the United States.

A) Parental abuse and neglect of children
B) Parental physical or mental illness
C) Parental substance abuse
D) Parental imprisonment

Question 61

Explain how a grandparent might become a caregiver. What are the unique parenting issues for these grandparents?

Question 62

What are some of the family and legal challenges faced by gay and lesbian parents who adopt children.?

Question 63

A confusing aspect of the grief of children in foster placement is that initially foster parents and their foster children experience a "_____________ period," during which time the children are on their best behavior.

Question 64

Discuss the concerns and special needs of families that are experiencing divorce?

Question 65

Please describe how you might have felt and behaved if you had been separated from your parent/s or other caregivers and placed in foster care at any point in your childhood.

Question 66

Discuss the common pathways that are available to gay men and lesbian women who want to become parents. What difficulties might they encounter?

Question 67

In the beginning stages, stepfamilies are comprised of two distinct subsystems: the _____________ or "veteran" family members and the _____________.

Question 68

What is life like for children in foster-care? What are the essential qualities needed by someone to be an effective foster parent?

Question 69

Grandparents becoming surrogate parents or the __________________ is an increasing family structure.

Question 70

Compare your experience of family structure with the ones identified in the text.

Question 71

The _____________ ____________, though considered traditional, it is only one of many acceptable and healthy structures that family take for the rearing of children.

Question 72

What are some of the risk factors for grandmothers bringing up their grandchildren?

Question 73

What factors complicate the relationships within stepfamilies?

Question 74

What are the challenges that affect an adolescent mother's parenting skills?

Question 75

The increased practice of donor insemination for pregnancy by lesbian North American and European women has been termed as the ________________.

Question 76

If you were designing a parenting course for adoptive parents, what issues would need to be addressed that might be different from other family structures?

Question 77

Though most children are reared by one or both parents, a large number of children are brought up by _________ ______________.

Question 78

The _________________ has two adults present to provide parental guidance and care and one of those adults is the children's biological or adoptive parent.

Question 79

How does the experience of divorce change parental practices?

Question 80

Children often experience ___________as a precursor to or consequence of their biological parents' inability or unwillingness to care for them