Deck 6: Parent Preschooler Interactions

Question 1

The importance of secure attachment continues to be important through the preschool years. It has been demonstrated through longitudinal studies that securely attached preschoolers:

A) Have higher levels of initiative
B) Are more likely to be girls
C) Create elaborate make-believe play.
D) Are more likely to be boys

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT true of preschoolers?

A) The self-esteem of preschoolers is in its early developing stage and as such is not as well defined or as stable as that of older children and adults.
B) Preschoolers make judgments about themselves based on how well others like them.
C) Preschoolers have difficulty in discriminating their competence at different activities.
D) Preschoolers typically overestimate task difficulty.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

_____________ tend to give their children candy, sugary drinks, sweetened cereals, and other sweets.

A) Parents of low-income families
B) Parents of high-income families
C) Parents of every social class
D) Single parents

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Children who have a diet with candy, sugary drinks and sweetened cereal are

A) Not consuming enough calories for their energy requirements
B) Would benefit from switching from pop/cola drinks to juice boxes
C) Receiving enough vitamins since breakfast cereals are vitamin enhanced
D) Vulnerable to tooth decay

Question 5

Attachment security during preschool also has been shown to be a reliable predictor of

A) Early conscience development
B) A positive view of the self
C) Social competence,
D) All of the above

Question 6

Parents are better able to promote their preschoolers physical development if they are aware of:

A) The nutritional needs of young children.
B) The caloric intake of the average child.
C) The socio-emotional challenges of young children.
D) The cognitive development of children.

Question 7

Preschool children need _____________ calories per pound of body weight than they did as infants.

A) Fewer
B) Slightly more
C) Twice as many
D) Three times more

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT an example of gross motor skill abilities that develop during the early years?

A) Skipping
B) Throwing
C) Drawing
D) Balancing

Question 9

Providing their preschool children with opportunities to run around, and play with other children, supports their development of:

A) Fine motor skills
B) Social coordination of movement
C) Personal boundaries

Question 10

When encouraging children to perform self-help and simple household responsibilities, parents need to keep in mind that young children will:

A) Take longer to perform those tasks.
B) Need assistance along the way.
C) Require parental patience with their less-than-perfect performance.
D) All of the above

Question 11

Young children with parent-child attachment security and parent-child emotional reciprocity are able to have positive peer interactions

A) So long as there is no marital conflict in the family
B) Even when marital conflict is present in the family
C) When there is a grandparent in the home
D) None of the above

Question 12

Parents can help their child develop a sense of initiative by doing which of the following?

A) Allowing the child to try the new skill while assisting as needed.
B) Backing up when needed and backing off when no longer needed.
C) Emphasizing the progress the child is making.
D) All of the above

Question 13

Children's consistent expression of their sense of initiative through active discovery contributes to their learning about _____________, what they might or might not do, and what they can and cannot accomplish.

A) Self-esteem
B) Personal boundaries
C) Self-acceptance
D) Self-reliance

Question 14

In order to build positive relationships with their children, parents should:

A) Take the time to be fully available.
B) Give them choices and manageable responsibilities.
C) Be reasonable in expectations.
D) All of the above

Question 15

As children master a variety of activities, learn responsible ways to behave, and develop a positive self-image, they become increasingly more _____________.

A) self-centered
B) Self-conscious
C) Self-reliant
D) Egocentric

Question 16

The tendency of preschoolers to overestimate their abilities is an example of:

A) Grandiose thinking.
B) Narcissistic personality.
C) High self esteem.
D) Irrational perception.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT associated with attachment security of preschool children?

A) Enuresis
B) Cooperativeness
C) Popularity,
D) Empathy.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT true of preschoolers/young children?

A) Preschoolers' tendency to evaluate themselves highly means they are usually unaware of the judgments of others.
B) Throughout the early years, children become increasingly conscious of what others think.
C) Although most young children have high self-esteem, by age of 4 some children give up when faced with challenges, concluding that they will not be able to accomplish the task or are discouraged after failure.
D) When non-persisting preschoolers are asked why they have given up, they frequently report that their parents would be mad at them or punish them for making mistakes.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT related to secure attachment of preschoolers?

A) Positive parental mood
B) Parental education level
C) Parental responsiveness
D) A relaxed home atmosphere.

Question 20

Anemia, which stems from an insufficiency of quality meats, whole grains, eggs, and dark green vegetables, is _____________ more common in low-income families than in other families.

A) Slightly
B) Twice
C) Three times
D) five times

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT true of the ways that parents should deal with their young children's fear of monsters at nighttime?

A) It is recommended that parents show their young children that they care about their concerns.
B) Parents' logical explanations of how there are no monsters help to alleviate the fear of monsters for their children.
C) Calm and loving reassurance from parents is the best approach to dealing with troublesome monsters.
D) Attachment objects such as stuffed animals tend to ease children's feelings of separation and make bedtime more calming.

Question 22

Since bedwetting is not under young children's control, it is important that parents:

A) Not over-react to wet sheets or hold children responsible for incidents of bedwetting.
B) Keep in mind that patience and bed pads will not go a long way in getting both preschoolers and their parents past the bedwetting problem.
C) Both of the above

Question 23

The process of learning through keen observation and listening is:

A) Scaffolding
B) Intent Participation
C) Guided Participation
D) All of the above

Question 24

The process by which preschool children learn words at the rapid rate of 10 to 20 new words per day is called:

A) Fast mapping
B) Rapid verbage
C) Accelerated language reception
D) Quick language learning

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT true of the preschoolers' language development?

A) During the preschool years, there is a language explosion, with words and sentences bursting forth.
B) Young children's word placement matches the grammatical structure of their native language from the time they first string two words together.
C) Young children have difficulty demonstrating an understanding of verb tense in their language.
D) Preschool children are extraordinarily adept at producing socially adaptive behavior in their verbal communication.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT true of preschool sibling relationships?

A) Children learn many social skills from brothers and sisters.
B) Children learn valuable lessons when they adjust to the arrival of a new sibling.
C) The effect of siblings on the social development of children is more negative than positive.
D) Where there are siblings in a family, there are inevitable spats and conflicts.

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT true of enuresis?

A) Enuresis associated with sleeping is a common problem among preschoolers.
B) There are biological reasons that are associated with enuresis.
C) The combination of a very sound sleep pattern and less mature bladder control frequently contributes to enuresis.
D) More children benefit from pharmacological than psychological treatments.

Question 28

Which of the following motor skill development has been related to children's handwriting skills?

A) Running
B) Swimming
C) Ball catching
D) Tumbling

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT recommended for helping their young children gain fine motor dexterity?

A) Providing the opportunity to manipulate a diverse number of objects
B) Providing slim pencils and slim crayons
C) Providing finger paints
D) Providing modeling clay

Question 30

When young children call dogs, cows and horses "doggies," they are demonstrating which of the following cognitive concepts?

A) Over-regularization
B) Overgeneralization
C) Egocentrism
D) Personal Boundaries

Question 31

When parents promote their children's motor skill development, they not only are helping their children's physical development, they also are influencing all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Cognitive development
B) Early language and reading skills
C) Handwriting skills
D) Self-reliance

Question 32

Greater dexterity in the use of fine motor skills during the preschool years allows children to:

A) Perform a variety of self-help skills
B) Become more self-reliant
C) Have higher levels of initiative
D) All of the above.

Question 33

The most effective way to help a young child who is having trouble going to sleep is to:

A) Calmly explain that good little girls and boys go to sleep when their parents tell them it is time.
B) Firmly tell the child there are no more drinks and turn off the light and shut the bedroom door.
C) Develop a bedtime ritual that such as reading a calming story, or softly singing the child a lullaby.
D) Let the child get up and watch television until falling asleep.

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT at the top of parents' list of preschool children's sleep- related behavior problems?

A) Bed-wetting
B) Difficulty going to bed
C) Waking up at night
D) Sleep-walking

Question 35

Sibling influence is especially valuable in many cultures throughout the world in which older siblings act as _____________ of younger siblings.

A) Friends
B) Competitors
C) Teachers
D) Caregivers

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT true regarding parental influences on young siblings' ability to resolve conflict?

A) Punitive parenting approaches are associated with low levels of sibling conflict.
B) Conflicts are minimized when children's emotional needs are met by their parents
C) Conflicts are escalated when there is a favored child in the family.
D) When parents act as mediators of siblings' conflicts by referring to moral principles as well as to children's feelings, young children are better able to resolve conflicts.

Question 37

When talking to their preschool children, it is important for parents to:

A) Speak clearly, and face-to-face so that their children the opportunity to watch the formation of their words and clearly hear how sentences are formed and words are pronounced.
B) State several requests or ideas at a time to help advance their children's cognitive development.
C) Correct mispronounced words so their child learns the right way to speak.
D) Speak quickly since their child will lose focus if it takes too long.

Question 38

Young children are limited in comprehending the speech of others because of their inability to:

A) Understand the concept of reversibility which shows up in their failure to accurately comprehend reverse-order sentences.
B) Comprehend metaphors, or that one word or phrase can mean different things when used in different contexts.
C) Understand complex, multi-action sentences.
D) All of the above

Question 39

When 4- year old Alicia said she goed to the park today, she was demonstrating which of the following cognitive concepts?

A) Over-regularization
B) Overgeneralization
C) Overzealousness in speaking
D) Egocentrism

Question 40

By age 6, most children develop a vocabulary of more than

A) 100 word
B) 1000 words
C) 10,000 words
D) 100,000 words

Question 41

Poor motor performance among young children have been linked with all of the following EXCEPT?

A) Living in areas of social disadvantage
B) Their child care placement.
C) Family child care
D) Public child care

Question 42

__________________by parents is linked with young children's self-esteem.

Question 43

Punitive parenting of young children has been found to be associated with high levels of:

A) Sibling conflict.
B) Sibling rivalry.
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b
FILL-IN-THE-BLANK

Question 44

The risk of _____________ ___________ is three times greater in low-income families.

Question 45

Whereas most children in industrialized societies consume enough calories for energy, they do not always obtain adequate vitamins and minerals. Nutritional deficiencies are found in
Young children:

A) Living in low-income families
B) On restricted diets due to medical reasons
C) Whose diets that are self-selected
D) All of the above

Question 46

Research evidence from a national longitudinal sample of children and their parents showed that mothers and fathers who were higher on sensitive support for autonomy and self-
Regulation during their children's preschool years had:

A) Sons who made greater gains in reading and math achievement from kindergarten to grade 3.
B) Daughters who made greater gains in reading and math achievement from kindergarten to grade 3.
C) Sons and daughters who made greater gains in reading and math achievement from kindergarten to grade 3.

Question 47

Exposing young children to harsh or distressed parental emotions:

A) Increases the intensity of preschoolers' negative emotions
B) Contributes to their lowered social competence
C) Both a and b
D) Neither a nor b

Question 48

Nutritional deficiencies found in young children living in industrialized are sometimes due to parents'

A) Nutrition misinformation,
B) Cultural preferences
C) Misconceptions regarding food tolerance
D) All of the above

Question 49

Which of the following is true regarding gender differences in brain development that affect young children's ability to control emotions.

A) Preschool girls are better at regulating their external emotions but are less successful with regulating their internal emotions.
B) Preschool boys are better regulating their external emotions but are less successful at regulating their internal emotions.
C) Preschool girls are better at regulating both external and internal emotions than preschool boys.

Question 50

Food insufficiency in families has been linked to all of the following EXCEPT.

A) Malnutrition among preschoolers
B) Overweight problems later in childhood
C) Family poverty
D) Food security

Question 51

Closely tied to the preschooler's development of a sense of initiative is their development of _____________, which refers to judgments of their worth and feelings associated with those judgments.

Question 52

Issues related to feeding children in many poor communities throughout the world are very serious. Which of the following statements does NOT describe this problem.

A) Among poor families in Nigeria, food security is not taken for granted, and the poorer the household, the less likely it is that the family will have food security.
B) One of the ramifications of malnutrition in developing countries is Vitamin A deficiency
C) Vitamin A deficiency is a major public health nutrition problem affecting an estimated 190 million young children in Southwest Asia alone.
D) Anemia is common among young children in Bangladesh but shows signs of improvement due to iron-supplement programs that have been implemented.

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT true of marginal zinc deficiencies in the diets of young children

A) They are common among children living in poverty.
B) They contribute to increased risk of infectious diseases, including diarrhea, and respiratory infections.
C) They are common in children of all socioeconomic levels

Question 54

According to Erik Erikson, a crucial aspect of self during the preschool years comes from the achievement of a sense of _____________, which is primarily defined by the skills that demonstrate independence.

Question 55

Which of the following meal patterns has been associated with a significant reduction in obesity risk among children?

A) 5 meals per day
B) 4 meals per day
C) 3 meals per day
D) None of the above

Question 56

Children from families in higher socioeconomic incomes, who have diets high is candy, sugary drinks and sweets, are at risk of ____________

Question 57

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding parental supervision of young children's risk taking behaviors?

A) Most parents do not provide appropriate supervision and monitoring of young children's risk-taking behaviors.
B) Parents at all socioeconomic levels perceive sons as less careful than daughters but do not supervise them more.
C) Children from lower socioeconomic areas receive less supervision than those from higher socioeconomic areas.

Question 58

From ages 2 to 6, neurological advances in the prefrontal cortex mean that young children have fewer incidences of all of the following EXCEPT:

A) temper tantrums
B) uncontrollable laughter or crying
C) enuresis
D) an increased capacity for self-control

Question 59

Book reading during the preschool years is more likely to foster literacy development when:

A) Parents match nouns with pictures while reading to children.
B) Parents call attention to letters and words while reading to children
C) Children have everyday exposure to letters of the alphabet and numbers.
D) All of the above

Question 60

A growing body of literature suggests that parent-child conversations about promote young children's social and emotional development.

Question 61

As a result of the brain development that occurs during the preschool years, young children react more quickly to stimuli and become better at _____________________.

Question 62

The rapid increase in preschoolers' vocabulary that adds 10 to 20 new words each day is called _________________.

Question 63

The statement: "You can have a cookie after you wash your hand," is difficult for a preschooler to understand because it is a _________________ _______________, and children understand things in the order they are presented.

Question 64

When parents assist their preschooler in their goal of mastering a variety of activities they are contributing to their ____________________, which refers to their ability to behave in ways that are considered by parents and others to be acceptable.

Question 65

During the preschool years, ____________ motor skill development involves the ability to coordinate smaller muscles in the arms, hands, and fingers.

Question 66

The effects of punitive parenting on sibling relationships are sibling rivalry and _______________.

Question 67

_____________ motor skill development requires the use of large muscles in the legs or arms as well as general strength and stamina.

Question 68

A common problem associated with sleeping among young children is ______________, which is defined as repeated voiding of urine during the day or at night into bed or clothes, with a frequency of at least twice per week for at least three months.

Question 69

What happens when a parent corrects a young child's pronunciation?

Question 70

What nutritional concerns do parents of preschoolers need to address?

Question 71

Children who have a diet with candy, sugary drinks and sweetened cereal are vulnerable to ________________.

Question 72

How might parents promote a sense of initiative with their preschool children?

Question 73

What are some of the things that parents can do to promote their preschool children's fine
motor skills

Question 74

How can parents' best promote their young child's language development?

Question 75

When young children throw tantrum, the tantrum itself might become uncontrollable and unstoppable, indicating that the child is stuck in which emotion?

Question 76

When a four year old says, "we goed to the park," she has demonstrated the Piagetian concept called _________________ .

Question 77

_________________ is an important indicator of young children's social adjustment and is defined as the degree to which the child shows personal initiative, self-regulation of behavior, autonomy, persistence, and engagement in completing tasks.

Question 78

Research evidence from a national longitudinal sample of children and their parents showed that mothers and fathers who were higher on sensitive support for autonomy and self-regulation during their children's preschool years had sons who made greater gains in __________________ from kindergarten to grade 3.

Question 79

The preoperational thought of young children prevents them from understanding the concept of reversibility, which shows up in their failure to accurately comprehend _______________sentences?

Question 80

In industrialized societies, the most common diet deficiency during the preschool years is _____________ _____________ and one of its main symptoms is chronic fatigue.