Zoology 10th Edition by Stephen Miller,John Harley

Exercise 12

The most distinctive feature of nemerteans is a long proboscis held in a sheath. The proboscis is tipped with a barb called a stylet that is used to capture prey. Cycliophora is a phylum whose members live attached to mouthparts of claw lobsters. Ectoprocts (bryozoans) are abundant in marine habitats, living on a variety of submerged substrata. They are colonial, and even though each individual is small, colonies are commonly many centimeters in width or height. Each individual (zooid) lives in a chamber (zoecium), which is a secreted exoskeleton of chitin, calcium, or a gelatinous material. Brachiopods possess a mantle, which secretes a shell composed of dorsal and ventral valves. Brachiopods are usually attached to the substratum directly or by a pedicel. Both ectoprocts and brachiopods feed using a lophophore.
How are the lophophores of ectoprocts and brachiopods used in feeding?