Microbiology: A Systems Approach 4th Edition by Marjorie Kelly Cowan

Exercise 19

Critical thinking is the ability to reason and solve problems using facts and concepts. These questions can be approached from a number of angles and, in most cases, they do not have a single correct answer.
a. Define the three cardinal temperatures for a given microbial species.
b. Explain how these temperatures play a role in pathogenicity, or the ability of a microbe to cause disease.
c. Illustrate how it is possible for food to spoil even while properly stored at refrigeration temperatures.