Microbiology: A Systems Approach 4th Edition by Marjorie Kelly Cowan

Exercise 27

Critical thinking is the ability to reason and solve problems using facts and concepts. These questions can be approached from a number of angles and, in most cases, they do not have a single correct answer.
a. Urine in the bladder has always been thought to be a sterile fluid. Describe the diversity of microbes being identified in urine today, and explain why previous studies did not detect these microbes in the past.
b. Describe how ExPEC strains of E. coli are able to cause disease at a site distant from the area of the body they normally colonize.