Nester's Microbiology 8th Edition by Denise Anderson,Sarah Salm,Deborah Allen

Exercise 2

Viruses consist of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat and replicate only inside living cells. Viruses are typically icosahedral, helical, or complex. Almost all phages are non-enveloped (naked), whereas animal viruses are either non-enveloped or enveloped. Viruses are classified based primarily on the characteristics of their genome, such as type of nucleic acid and strandedness. Viruses are often grouped by their route of transmission.
List three ways in which viruses can be transmitted from one organism to another.