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Holt Modern Biology 1st Edition by John Postlethwait ,Janet Hopson
Edition 1ISBN: 9780030651786Holt Modern Biology 1st Edition by John Postlethwait ,Janet Hopson
Edition 1ISBN: 9780030651786 Exercise 1
For each pair of terms, explain how the meanings of the terms differ.
A. unicellular and multicellular
b. homeostasis and metabolism
c. natural selection and adaptation
d. hypothesis and theory
e. magnification and resolution
A. unicellular and multicellular
b. homeostasis and metabolism
c. natural selection and adaptation
d. hypothesis and theory
e. magnification and resolution
Explanation
Verified
Verified
The term biology means study of living things. All the living organisms depend on other living organism for many things. Our ecosystems contain many species. So, the study and the applications of biology are very wide. Biology generally gives details about the surrounding environment, food, nutrition, protection against the disease, natural resources, living organisms around us, and various other aspects of life.
a.
Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. An organism can be composed of a single cell or many cells, and thus, can be classified into unicellular or multicellular.
Unicellular organisms are the organisms whose body is made up of only one cell. The single cell performs all the metabolic functions. Such organisms have a shorter life span compared to multicellular. For example, Amoeba is a unicellular organism.
On the other hand, multicellular organisms are the organisms whose body is made up of more than one cell. There is a division of labor in multicellular organisms. Such organisms have a longer life span compared to unicellular. For example, human beings are multicellular.
b.
Living things are active, and have cells in their basic structure. Living things share seven characteristics of life including cells and organization, growth and development, reproduction, homeostasis, metabolism, change through time and response to stimuli.
Homeostasis is the mechanism by which living organisms maintain constant internal temperature and environmental conditions such as pH levels, blood sugar levels, plasma concentration, among other conditions.
On the other hand, metabolism refers to all the chemical reactions taking place in a living organism. Generally, carbohydrates, lipids and proteins form the major components of food that provide the energy in form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and its equivalent. This energy is required for the cells to carry out various metabolic processes, which are essential for the survival of the organism.
c.
Evolution is the change that every organism undergoes with time. Evolution may result in great deal of differences in the most closely related species, or may draw similarities between the most distant of species.
Natural selection refers to the selection of the favorable traits that enable an organism to better survive and reproduce in an environment. It is the mechanism by which the environment selects the strongest individual that survives the extremities of the environmental change.
Adaptation refers to those favorable traits that enable an organism to better survive and reproduce in an environment.
d.
Solution to any scientific problem emerges from the observations and data (qualitative or quantitative). A careful examination of observations and data help to form patterns which once connected across result in drawing a hypothesis for the scientific query. A proposed explanation for observations, along with evidences is called theory.
A hypothesis is a proposed answer to a scientific query, which should be specific, and testable by a scientific experiment. If the observation, data and experiment support the hypothesis, it is accepted, else rejected.
A theory , however, is a proposed explanation for the evidences that emerge from the experiments conducted as a result of the hypothesis. An example of an accepted theory is the natural selection of adaptations, which are responsible for evolution over the years.
e.
Microscopes are tools that extend human vision by making enlarged image of objects. Microscope magnify minute specimen which cannot be seen by naked eyes. It can also be used in forensic labs, by bacteriologist or microbiologist, to study microorganisms, cells and in medical research. Magnification and resolution are two important properties of microscope. These properties vary in powers in different microscopes.
Magnification refers to an increase in the apparent size of an object. The objective lenses present on the nosepiece are associated with the magnification property of a microscope. The magnification of an object via objective lens varies from 4 times to 100 times. Also, a specimen is magnified by a standard ocular lens that can enlarge an image 10 times.
Resolution is the ability of a microscope to recognize two closely associated objects as distinct. It is a power that shows the clear details in an image. This ability of resolution can be limited by the physical properties of the light. An image appears fuzzy beyond the magnification power of 2000 times.
a.
Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life. An organism can be composed of a single cell or many cells, and thus, can be classified into unicellular or multicellular.
Unicellular organisms are the organisms whose body is made up of only one cell. The single cell performs all the metabolic functions. Such organisms have a shorter life span compared to multicellular. For example, Amoeba is a unicellular organism.
On the other hand, multicellular organisms are the organisms whose body is made up of more than one cell. There is a division of labor in multicellular organisms. Such organisms have a longer life span compared to unicellular. For example, human beings are multicellular.
b.
Living things are active, and have cells in their basic structure. Living things share seven characteristics of life including cells and organization, growth and development, reproduction, homeostasis, metabolism, change through time and response to stimuli.
Homeostasis is the mechanism by which living organisms maintain constant internal temperature and environmental conditions such as pH levels, blood sugar levels, plasma concentration, among other conditions.
On the other hand, metabolism refers to all the chemical reactions taking place in a living organism. Generally, carbohydrates, lipids and proteins form the major components of food that provide the energy in form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and its equivalent. This energy is required for the cells to carry out various metabolic processes, which are essential for the survival of the organism.
c.
Evolution is the change that every organism undergoes with time. Evolution may result in great deal of differences in the most closely related species, or may draw similarities between the most distant of species.
Natural selection refers to the selection of the favorable traits that enable an organism to better survive and reproduce in an environment. It is the mechanism by which the environment selects the strongest individual that survives the extremities of the environmental change.
Adaptation refers to those favorable traits that enable an organism to better survive and reproduce in an environment.
d.
Solution to any scientific problem emerges from the observations and data (qualitative or quantitative). A careful examination of observations and data help to form patterns which once connected across result in drawing a hypothesis for the scientific query. A proposed explanation for observations, along with evidences is called theory.
A hypothesis is a proposed answer to a scientific query, which should be specific, and testable by a scientific experiment. If the observation, data and experiment support the hypothesis, it is accepted, else rejected.
A theory , however, is a proposed explanation for the evidences that emerge from the experiments conducted as a result of the hypothesis. An example of an accepted theory is the natural selection of adaptations, which are responsible for evolution over the years.
e.
Microscopes are tools that extend human vision by making enlarged image of objects. Microscope magnify minute specimen which cannot be seen by naked eyes. It can also be used in forensic labs, by bacteriologist or microbiologist, to study microorganisms, cells and in medical research. Magnification and resolution are two important properties of microscope. These properties vary in powers in different microscopes.
Magnification refers to an increase in the apparent size of an object. The objective lenses present on the nosepiece are associated with the magnification property of a microscope. The magnification of an object via objective lens varies from 4 times to 100 times. Also, a specimen is magnified by a standard ocular lens that can enlarge an image 10 times.
Resolution is the ability of a microscope to recognize two closely associated objects as distinct. It is a power that shows the clear details in an image. This ability of resolution can be limited by the physical properties of the light. An image appears fuzzy beyond the magnification power of 2000 times.
Holt Modern Biology 1st Edition by John Postlethwait ,Janet Hopson
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