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Biochemistry by Raymond Ochs
Edition 0ISBN: 978-1449661373Biochemistry by Raymond Ochs
Edition 0ISBN: 978-1449661373 Exercise 1
Gas-phase water (i.e., water vapor) has properties similar to most other gases, yet condensed water (i.e., liquid and solid water) is unusual.
a. Why are the properties the same in the gas phase?
b. What are the unusual phase transitions of water?
c. What accounts for the unusual properties of water in general?
a. Why are the properties the same in the gas phase?
b. What are the unusual phase transitions of water?
c. What accounts for the unusual properties of water in general?
Explanation
Verified
Verified
(a)The water molecules in the gaseous state show the same properties as that of other gases. This is because under standard temperature and pressure set up by IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists), all the gases tends to have same number of molecules.
It was observed by the IUPAC scientists that when gases are subjected to similar physical conditions of temperature and pressure, they tend to arrange freely with negligible force of attraction. When gases attain such state, all of them were found to have same number of molecules in the given volume. Thus, gas-phase of water has same properties as that of other gases.
(b)We have observed that any substance exists maximum only in two phases that can be; liquid and solid (like metals), liquid and gas (like acids) or solid and gas (like camphor). There is only one substance that is water which is versatile in its nature as it can exist in all the three forms.
The water is found in the form of gaseous state as vapours, in liquid state as liquid water and in solid state as ice. This is possible due to the structure of water molecule. The two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen arrange themselves in such a way in three dimensions that it can be found in all the three states of matter. Thus, the unusual phase transitions of water are solid, liquid and gas.
In the solid state water molecules are at very low temperature that tends to compress them close to each other forming ice cube. In liquid state, the water molecules are under standard temperature and pressure and are free to move but attached to each other by hydrogen bonds. In the gas phase, the water molecules are under high temperature that allows them to absorb energy and get free form forces of attraction and move freely.
(c)
We have already discussed above the unusual phase transitions of water. The reason for this unusual behavior is the physical conditions and the three dimensional structure of individual molecule. In the solid state water molecules are at very low temperature that tends to compress them close to each other forming ice cube.
In liquid state, the water molecules are under standard temperature and pressure and are free to move but attached to each other by hydrogen bonds. In the gas phase, the water molecules are under high temperature that allows them to absorb energy and get free form forces of attraction and move freely.
It was observed by the IUPAC scientists that when gases are subjected to similar physical conditions of temperature and pressure, they tend to arrange freely with negligible force of attraction. When gases attain such state, all of them were found to have same number of molecules in the given volume. Thus, gas-phase of water has same properties as that of other gases.
(b)We have observed that any substance exists maximum only in two phases that can be; liquid and solid (like metals), liquid and gas (like acids) or solid and gas (like camphor). There is only one substance that is water which is versatile in its nature as it can exist in all the three forms.
The water is found in the form of gaseous state as vapours, in liquid state as liquid water and in solid state as ice. This is possible due to the structure of water molecule. The two atoms of hydrogen and one of oxygen arrange themselves in such a way in three dimensions that it can be found in all the three states of matter. Thus, the unusual phase transitions of water are solid, liquid and gas.
In the solid state water molecules are at very low temperature that tends to compress them close to each other forming ice cube. In liquid state, the water molecules are under standard temperature and pressure and are free to move but attached to each other by hydrogen bonds. In the gas phase, the water molecules are under high temperature that allows them to absorb energy and get free form forces of attraction and move freely.
(c)
We have already discussed above the unusual phase transitions of water. The reason for this unusual behavior is the physical conditions and the three dimensional structure of individual molecule. In the solid state water molecules are at very low temperature that tends to compress them close to each other forming ice cube.
In liquid state, the water molecules are under standard temperature and pressure and are free to move but attached to each other by hydrogen bonds. In the gas phase, the water molecules are under high temperature that allows them to absorb energy and get free form forces of attraction and move freely.
Biochemistry by Raymond Ochs
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