Environmental Science 14th Edition by Tyler Miller ,Scott Spoolman

Exercise 9

What are the two key concepts for this section Define toxicology, toxicity, dose, and response. Give three reasons why children are more vulnerable to harm from toxic chemicals than are adults. Explain how the toxicity of a substance can be estimated by testing laboratory animals, and discuss the limitations of this approach. What is a dose-response curve Explain how toxicities are estimated through use of case reports and epidemiological studies, and discuss the limitations of these approaches. Why do we know so little about the harmful effects of chemicals Discuss the use of the precautionary principle and pollution prevention in dealing with health threats from chemicals.