Accounting: What the Numbers Mean 11th Edition by Wayne McManus,Daniel Viele,David Marshall

Exercise 22

Understanding the effects of operating leverage HighTech, Inc., and OldTime Co. compete within the same industry and had the following operating results in 2015:

Required:
a. Calculate the break-even point for each firm in terms of revenue.
b. What observations can you draw by examining the break-even point of each firm given that they earned an equal amount of operating income on identical sales volumes in 2015?
c. Calculate the amount of operating income (or loss) that you would expect each firm to report in 2016 if sales were to
1. Increase by 20%.
2. Decrease by 20%.
d. Using the amounts computed in requirement c, calculate the increase or decrease in the amount of operating income expected in 2016 from the amount reported in 2015.
e. Explain why an equal percentage increase (or decrease) in sales for each firm would have such differing effects on operating income.
f. Calculate the ratio of contribution margin to operating income for each firm in 2015. (Hint: Divide contribution margin by operating income.)g. Multiply the expected increase in sales of 20% for 2016 by the ratio of contribution margin to operating income for 2015 computed in requirement f for each firm. (Hint: Multiply your answer in requirement f by 0.2.)h. Multiply your answer in requirement g by the operating income of $210,000 reported in 2015 for each firm.
i. Compare your answer in requirement h with your answer in requirement d. What conclusions can you draw about the effects of operating leverage from the steps you performed in requirements f, g, and h ?