Molecular Biology Of The Cell 6th Edition by Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter

Exercise 14

The rough ER is the site of synthesis of many classes of membrane proteins. Some of these proteins remain in the ER, whereas others are sorted to compartments such as the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and the plasma mem- brane. One measure of the difficulty of the sorting prob- lem is the degree of "purification" that must be achieved during transport from the ER. Are proteins bound for the plasma membrane common or rare among all ER mem- brane proteins? A few simple considerations allow one to answer this question. In a typical growing cell that is dividing once every 24 hours, the equivalent of one new plasma mem- brane must transit the ER every day. If the ER membrane is 20 times the area of a plasma membrane, what is the ratio of plasma membrane proteins to other membrane proteins in the ER? (Assume that all proteins on their way to the plasma membrane remain in the ER for 30 minutes on average before exiting, and that the ratio of proteins to lipids in the ER and plasma membranes is the same.)
A. What portion of the nucleoplasmin molecule is responsible for localization in the nucleus?
B. How do these experiments distinguish between active transport, in which a nuclear localization signal trig- gers transport by the nuclear pore complex, and passive diffusion, in which a binding site for a nuclear component allows accumulation in the nucleus?