Database Systems 6th Edition by Ramez Elmasri, Shamkant B. Navathe

Exercise 7

Cardinality ratios often dictate the detailed design of a database. The cardinality ratio depends on the real-world meaning of the entity types involved and is defined by the specific application. For the binary relationships below, suggest cardinality ratios based on common-sense meaning of the entity types. Clearly state any assumptions you make.