The Mechanisms Underlying the Development of Cardiac Hypertrophy Are Complex,although

Multiple Choice

The mechanisms underlying the development of cardiac hypertrophy are complex,although relaxation abnormalities that result in chronic elevation of cytosolic Ca⁺⁺ level appear to promote the development of hypertrophy through:

A) Stimulation of the sarcolemmal Ca⁺⁺ pump.
B) Ca⁺⁺ binding to troponin I.
C) Activation of calcineurin.
D) Inhibition of Ca⁺⁺/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase.
E) Opening of Ca⁺⁺-activated K⁺ channels.