Question 1

You have just broken up with your boyfriend.You are sitting at a table with friends when you see him enter the restaurant.He has not seen you yet, so you duck into the ladies room.You are exhibiting __________ learning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You have just broken up with your...

Question 2

When a teenager loses his phone privileges or is "grounded," the parent is using

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  response chaining. 
C)  response cost. 
D)  positive punishment.

Question 3

The schedule of reinforcement in which a set number of responses must be made for each reward is called

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed ratio. 
B)  fixed interval. 
C)  variable ratio. 
D)  variable interval.

Question 4

A teacher wants her students to study steadily across the semester.What kind of schedule of reinforcement could she put her quizzes on in order to produce a steady rate of responding, and explain why this schedule would be more successful than the other schedules of reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A teacher wants her students to study...

Question 5

Of the schedules listed, which of the following would generate the highest rate of responding as well as be resistant to extinction?

Accepted Answer

A)  variable interval 
B)  fixed interval 
C)  continuous 
D)  fixed ratio

Question 6

A baby cries when she hears a stranger's voice but not when she hears her mother's voice.This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus discrimination. 
B)  stimulus generalization. 
C)  spontaneous recovery. 
D)  response chaining.

Question 7

After receiving several tickets for speeding, Joseph lost his driver's license for several months.When he got his driver's license back, Joseph stopped speeding.The reason he stopped speeding is due to the consequence known as

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  positive punishment. 
C)  negative punishment. 
D)  response chaining.

Question 8

If you wanted to train a dog to play the piano or a cat to turn on the living room lights, you would most likely use

Accepted Answer

A)  successive approximations. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  vicarious conditioning. 
D)  positive transfer.

Question 9

A teacher tells her first graders that whenever the bell on her clock rings, the students who are in their seats will each receive one token to put in their "happy jars." She then says, "No one knows when the clock will ring.It might be ten minutes, it might be 17 minutes, or only five minutes; so you better be in your seat." The teacher is using which schedule of reinforcement for "in-seat" behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed ratio 
B)  fixed interval 
C)  variable ratio 
D)  variable interval

Question 10

In Pavlov's experiments with dogs, salivation to the bell was the

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned response. 
B)  unconditioned stimulus. 
C)  conditioned stimulus. 
D)  unconditioned response.

Question 11

Stephanie had successfully used extinction to eliminate her son's temper tantrums.However, several weeks later, her son threw another temper tantrum.Stephanie should be advised that

Accepted Answer

A)  she should have used an intermittent punishment schedule to stop the temper tantrums. 
B)  spontaneous recoveries do occur and to continue ignoring the tantrums. 
C)  she should have used negative reinforcement to stop the temper tantrums. 
D)  her child will outgrow the tantrums in a few years.

Question 12

Regarding escape and avoidance learning, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Avoidance learning involves making a response in order to postpone or prevent discomfort. 
B)  Each time a situation is avoided, the person is reinforced by a sense of relief. 
C)  Frequent punishment discourages the occurrence of escape and avoidance learning. 
D)  Escape learning is based on negative reinforcement.

Question 13

Lanita blushes when she is embarrassed or ashamed.This behavior was most likely formed in childhood and would be classified by behaviorists as a

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned stimulus. 
B)  CAI. 
C)  discriminative stimulus. 
D)  CER.

Question 14

Often influencing human behaviors are learned desires for attention and approval, which are considered secondary reinforcers, and are called __________ reinforcers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Often influencing human behaviors are learned desires...

Question 15

You walk out into bright sunlight.You immediately reach in your purse and get your sunglasses.Putting on your sunglasses to escape the sun's bright light is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  positive reinforcement. 
C)  response cost. 
D)  aversive punishment.

Question 16

Which schedule of reinforcement would be most useful when a person or animal is initially learning new responses?

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed ratio 
B)  fixed interval 
C)  intermittent 
D)  continuous

Question 17

Studies of animals, such as pigeons, rats, and scrub jays, show that animals

Accepted Answer

A)  are "stuck in time." 
B)  live in the present moment with only short-term memories. 
C)  can remember up to a day only. 
D)  are sensitive to the passage of time.

Question 18

A rat in a Skinner box presses the lever and receives a food pellet.This reinforcement will help the rat to

Accepted Answer

A)  acquire a new skill. 
B)  alter how frequently he presses the lever. 
C)  overcome its fear of the apparatus. 
D)  associate the stimulus with the response.

Question 19

Jeffery's first love was Mia, who had long blonde hair and big blue eyes.Alas, Mia's family moved far away from Jeffery's little town.The next semester, there was a new girl in Jeffery's ninth grade class.Jeffery was immediately smitten with Lauren and her long blonde hair and beautiful blue eyes.Jeffery's immediate attraction to Lauren illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  response chaining. 
B)  stimulus discrimination. 
C)  extinction. 
D)  stimulus generalization.

Question 20

Punishment is most effective in suppressing behavior when it is

Accepted Answer

A)  immediate. 
B)  consistent. 
C)  severe. 
D)  all of these.

Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning.