Question 1

According to Descartes, when is the will most free?

Accepted Answer

A)  When it isn't certain about what to choose 
B)  When it has many options, none of which it must choose 
C)  When it is certain about what to choose 
D)  Our wills are not free, according to Descartes

Question 2

Nozick says he would enter the experience machine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

A nonampliative inference has a conclusion with contents not present in the premises.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

What will happen to the prisoners immediately after they leave the cave, according to Plato?

Accepted Answer

A)  They will finally understand the truth 
B)  They will want to learn more 
C)  They will be pained and unable to see the things whose shadows they'd seen before 
D)  They will immediately perceive the things whose shadows they'd seen before

Question 5

Moore's response asserts that skeptical arguments are logically invalid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What makes sensation different from thought, for Hume?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensation is more vivid 
B)  Sensation is less vivid 
C)  Sensation is limited, where thought is limitless 
D)  None of the above

Question 7

Why is it okay to compel philosophers to rule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because the city is responsible for putting them in a position to be philosophers 
B)  Because it will be better for the city as a whole 
C)  Because they are the best qualified to rule 
D)  None of the above

Question 8

What is "Hume's paradox"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Despite our deepest convictions, we cannot justify any kind of nonampliative knowledge 
B)  Despite our deepest convictions, the principle of uniformity of nature is false 
C)  Despite our deepest convictions, we cannot justify any kind of ampliative knowledge 
D)  Despite our deepest convictions, science is ultimately founded upon induction

Question 9

Skeptical arguments attempt to show that many of our ordinary beliefs are false.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

When people leave the cave, everything will immediately become clear to them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

What is education, according to Plato?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is instilling knowledge in the soul 
B)  It is the craft of giving the soul the proper direction for where to look for knowledge 
C)  It is instilling sight in the soul 
D)  None of the above

Question 12

What will happen to the prisoner who leaves the cave, after they come to understand what they see?

Accepted Answer

A)  They will wish they could go back to the cave 
B)  They will no longer identify with life in the cave; they'll see it as impoverished 
C)  They will want to go back into the cave to impress the people there 
D)  They will wish they could forget what they've learned

Question 13

According to Plato, the prisoners in the cave . . .

Accepted Answer

A)  Are only acquainted with the shadows of objects cast by a fire they can't see 
B)  Don't see each other, but only each other's shadows 
C)  Hear only echoes, which bounce off of the wall they face 
D)  All of the above

Question 14

Which of the following is the source of our impression of necessary connection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Our senses 
B)  Willing a thought 
C)  The feeling of volition 
D)  None of the above

Question 15

All ideas derive from impressions, according to Hume.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

In Graham's terminology, the strategy of refuting skepticism involves

Accepted Answer

A)  showing that the real world hypothesis is true. 
B)  showing that the real world hypothesis is a better explanation of our evidence than skeptical hypotheses. 
C)  showing that the best explanation standard is incorrect. 
D)  showing that skeptical hypotheses are better explanations of our evidence than the real world hypothesis.

Question 17

Reichenbach, in his pragmatic justification of induction, tries to show . . .

Accepted Answer

A)  That the principle of universal causation justifies the principle of uniformity of nature 
B)  The adoption of a standard inductive rule is practically useful 
C)  That induction actually rests on probability, so Hume confuses induction and deduction 
D)  Crystal gazing is just as justified as is induction

Question 18

The experience machine gives you

Accepted Answer

A)  any experience you desire. 
B)  any experience that is ethical. 
C)  any experience that is technologically possible. 
D)  any experience you need for survival.

Question 19

The skeptic argues that our ordinary beliefs about the external world are unjustified.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Popper argues against a deductivist logic of science.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 3: Knowledge and Reality

According to Descartes, when is the will most free?

Nozick says he would enter the experience machine.

A nonampliative inference has a conclusion with contents not present in the premises.

What will happen to the prisoners immediately after they leave the cave, according to Plato?

Moore's response asserts that skeptical arguments are logically invalid.

What makes sensation different from thought, for Hume?

Why is it okay to compel philosophers to rule?

What is "Hume's paradox"?

Skeptical arguments attempt to show that many of our ordinary beliefs are false.

When people leave the cave, everything will immediately become clear to them.

What is education, according to Plato?

What will happen to the prisoner who leaves the cave, after they come to understand what they see?

According to Plato, the prisoners in the cave . . .

Which of the following is the source of our impression of necessary connection?

All ideas derive from impressions, according to Hume.

In Graham's terminology, the strategy of refuting skepticism involves

Reichenbach, in his pragmatic justification of induction, tries to show . . .

The experience machine gives you

The skeptic argues that our ordinary beliefs about the external world are unjustified.

Popper argues against a deductivist logic of science.