Question 1

What does the Chinese people's norm of returning a favour from friends with more than they received illustrate about human relationships in the Chinese culture?

Accepted Answer

A)  the importance of generosity 
B)  the importance of long-term relationships 
C)  the importance of bribery 
D)  the importance of being free from owing a debt B

Question 2

What are the basic assumptions of social penetration theory, and how can it be applied in practice?

Accepted Answer

Irwin Altman and Dalmas Taylor (1973) proposed social penetration theory to explain the development of relationships through the exchange of information. This theory states that, as an interpersonal relationship develops, the interpersonal exchange of information moves from superficial and impersonal to intimate and personal. The depth of information exchange reflects one of four stages of relationship development: orientation, exploratory affective exchange, affective exchange, and stable exchange. The orientation stage is characterized by superficial information exchange about weather or demographic information. The exploratory affective stage involves an exchange of information on the periphery of our personalities, such as who you are and how you evaluate yourself (e.g., intelligent or hardworking). In the affective exchange stage, people feel more comfortable exchanging opinions and attitudes, such as 'I think Jenny is too bossy and arrogant'. At the stable exchange stage, an intimate relationship is developed and people freely express their true feelings. The frequency and amount of interaction also increase as the relationship develops. A key concept in the social penetration theory is self-disclosure, which refers to the process of revealing personal information that another person would be unlikely to discover through third sources. Although self-disclosure is used in almost all cultures as a means of developing relationships, cultural norms and values govern the degree to which it is acceptable in interpersonal relationships.

Question 3

Which of the following concepts best describes the process of developing a new culture by negotiating cultural differences and building a common ground for communication?

Accepted Answer

A)  intercultural interaction 
B)  intercultural compromise 
C)  cultural synergy 
D)  globalization C

Question 4

In which of the following cultures are parents more likely to play a central role in deciding the choice of their children's career path?

Accepted Answer

A)  low-context cultures 
B)  collectivistic cultures 
C)  high-context cultures 
D)  monochronic cultures

Question 5

Italians use opera as a cultural metaphor to define themselves - because of its emphasis on emotion, drama and the lyrical use of language. Which dimension of interpersonal relationship, as identified by Lustig and Koester, does this example illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  affection 
B)  activation 
C)  inclusion 
D)  control

Question 6

Arranged marriages are more common in collectivistic cultures than in individualistic cultures. Which of the following statements best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  The acceptance of the potential partner in the family is more important in collectivistic cultures than in individualistic cultures. 
B)  Similar religious background of the potential partner is more important in collectivistic cultures than in individualistic cultures. 
C)  Physical attractiveness of the potential partner is more important in collectivistic cultures than in individualistic cultures. 
D)  Romantic love between the potential partners is more important in collectivistic cultures than in individualistic cultures.

Question 7

Anxiety/uncertainty management theory is used in understanding relationship development. Which of the following statements does NOT characterize this theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anxiety is the affective equivalent of uncertainty. 
B)  Effective intercultural communication is a function of reducing uncertainty. 
C)  The reduction of uncertainty leads to change in the nature of communication. 
D)  Uncertainty refers to one's ability to explain one's own feelings in communication.

Question 8

Define similarity attraction paradigm and provide an example to show its application.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define similarity attraction paradigm and provide an...

Question 9

When individuals establish and continue social relationships, they do so on the basis that such relationships will be mutually beneficial. Which of the following theories does this assumption best characterize?

Accepted Answer

A)  social penetration theory 
B)  social exchange theory 
C)  social benefit theory 
D)  social market theory

Question 10

Use examples to explain the basic assumptions of social exchange theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use examples to explain the basic assumptions...

Question 11

Provide an example to show how culture can influence relationship development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide an example to show how culture...

Question 12

In Korea, it is quite common for strangers to find out each other's age in the first few minutes of conversation and adjust their language to show respect. Which aspect of interpersonal relationship dimension does this example illustrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  long-term relationships 
B)  ingroup relationships 
C)  particularistic relationships 
D)  public relationships

Question 13

Define and explain the particularistic versus universalistic relationship dimension.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define and explain the particularistic versus universalistic...

Question 14

Which of the following statements does NOT characterize similarity-attraction paradigm?

Accepted Answer

A)  If we perceive our attitudes are similar to some people, we are attracted to them. 
B)  Similarity of attitudes validates our view of the world. 
C)  We are attracted to someone based on actual similarities, not perceived ones. 
D)  When we initially meet strangers, we tend to focus on general attitudes and
Opinions.

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true of the characteristics of human relationships?

Accepted Answer

A)  Human relationships are similar across cultural groups. 
B)  Human relationships are unique. 
C)  Human relationships are stable. 
D)  Human relationships are replaceable.

Question 16

Which of the following concepts describes the process of revealing personal information that another person would be unlikely to discover through third sources?

Accepted Answer

A)  extroversion. 
B)  self-disclosure 
C)  social exchange 
D)  cultural compliance

Exam 10: Intercultural and Intergroup Relations