Question 1

Dundee has just returned to the United States from a trip to Australia. His friend asks him, "What was the best food you ate on your trip?" Dundee responds, "I kind of remember eating some great meals but cannot seem to recall any restaurants. Perhaps if I think back about where I stayed each night I'll be able to remember a great meal." Dundee appears to be attempting to use _____ to improve recall.

Accepted Answer

A) a retrieval strategy 
B) sensory register 
C) metamemory 
D) implicit memory

Question 2

Cognitive psychologists believe that humans are capable of engaging in "parallel processing." This means that humans can

Accepted Answer

A) carry out several mental activities at the same time. 
B) think about complex issues, like religion. 
C) pay selective attention to an event. 
D) encode information into long-term memory.

Question 3

At one time in his life, Edward could name every province in Canada. Somehow this information has disappeared from where it was being held. Information-processing theorists would most likely argue that this is a failure of the _____ system.

Accepted Answer

A) elaboration 
B) storage 
C) metamemory 
D) encoding

Question 4

According to Atkinson and Shiffrin, the part of your memory system that holds information for a fraction of a second is called the _____ register.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Atkinson and Shiffrin, the part...

Question 5

Which is NOT an example of metamemory?

Accepted Answer

A) Knowing the difference between metaphysics and meta-analysis 
B) Knowing which memory strategies are most effective for you 
C) Knowing which memorization tasks are most difficult for you 
D) Being able to plan and control your memory processes as you learn

Question 6

A study on the long-term retention of foreign language (Spanish) learned in high school in individuals who are elderly found that

Accepted Answer

A) most elderly did not even recall having taking a foreign language in high school. 
B) a few individuals recalled having had a class in a foreign language in high school but could recall no content from the course. 
C) many individuals recalled having had a class in a foreign language in high school and a small percent had retained some vocabulary. 
D) not only did the individuals recall the foreign language courses, but as much as half of the vocabulary was retained nearly 50 years later.

Question 7

The process during which information is organized into a form suitable for long-term storage is called

Accepted Answer

A) retrieval. 
B) utilization. 
C) recognition. 
D) consolidation.

Question 8

Limitations in working memory in older adulthood appear to be most directly related to reduced functioning of the _____ system.

Accepted Answer

A) visual 
B) nervous 
C) auditory 
D) pulmonary

Question 9

On the "balance beam problem," which child would be most likely to always guess that the side with the more weights will drop?

Accepted Answer

A) Warren, who is 5 years old 
B) Walter, who is 15 years old 
C) Waldo, who is 50 years old 
D) Wayne, who is 85 years old

Question 10

Research has indicated that procedural memory is mediated by the striatum. This means that

Accepted Answer

A) only information that is attended to is recalled. 
B) language plays a significant role in the development of memory. 
C) memory requires cognitive effort. 
D) the brain is involved in processing memory.

Question 11

Which pair is best known for developing an information-processing-based model of memory?

Accepted Answer

A) Young and Helmholtz 
B) Watson and Skinner 
C) Fechner and Weber 
D) Atkinson and Shriffin

Question 12

Problem solving is best defined as the use of _____ to achieve a goal.

Accepted Answer

A) unconscious motivators 
B) a non-cognitive response 
C) information-processing systems 
D) operant conditioning

Question 13

A child's increased knowledge about the world can lead to improvements in memory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Describe ways of assessing memory development from birth through age one year.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe ways of assessing memory development from...

Question 15

Seventy-year-old Ace decides that he cannot remain effective at all types of gambling so he decides to focus only on blackjack, with the hopes that this narrow focus will allow him to perform better in this one area. According to the SOC approach, the decision to abandon other forms of gambling represents

Accepted Answer

A) selection. 
B) optimization. 
C) compensation. 
D) plasticity.

Question 16

In comparing memory capabilities in children who were experts at chess with the memories of adults who weren't, Chi (1978) tested both groups on memory of location of chess pieces and on ability to remember sequences of digits. She found that the

Accepted Answer

A) children did better on both tests. 
B) adults did better on both tests. 
C) children did better on memory of chess, but not sequences of digits. 
D) children did better on memory of digits, but not on memory of chess.

Question 17

Bon is trying to explain why his four-year-old son, Jovi, cannot recall what happened at an exciting rock concert they attended two years ago. In doing so, Bon says, "Jovi kind of recalls being at some event with a lot of people and singing, but he has no recollection for any details of the concert." Bon's description best matches the _____ theory of childhood amnesia.

Accepted Answer

A) fuzzy-trace 
B) working memory capacity 
C) surfactant 
D) constraint-seeking

Question 18

If you turn on a floor fan, an infant will immediately orient its head toward the sound. After awhile, the infant appears to lose interest and turns its head back to its original position. This phenomenon is known as

Accepted Answer

A) habituation. 
B) discrimination. 
C) generalization. 
D) sound acuity.

Question 19

Which statement concerning memory strategies and basic processing capacities with age is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Verbal knowledge begins to show a steep decline beginning around age 50. 
B) Holding negative stereotypes concerning memory ability actually leads to improved memory abilities in older adulthood. 
C) Memory problems in adulthood are more likely the result of original encoding and not retrieval. 
D) Limitations in working memory in older adulthood may be due to the slowing of the nervous system.

Question 20

The portion of your information-processing system that plans and monitors what you do is referred to as the _____ control processor.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The portion of your information-processing system that...

Exam 8: Memory and Information Processing