A Patient Who Has Lost 1 Liter of Blood Is

Multiple Choice

A patient who has lost 1 liter of blood is conscious with a patent airway, but his extremities are pale and cold to the touch. Vital signs are pulse 130, respirations are 22 and adequate, blood pressure is 74/56, and SpO₂ is 95% on room air. Which one of the following is most needed by this patient to increase perfusion to the cells?

A) Increased blood pressure by giving IV fluids
B) Administration of oxygen
C) Increased number of red blood cells and plasma volume
D) Keeping the patient warm