Question 1

Antoine is conducting an experiment on the effects of room color on concentration.The independent variable is _____ and the dependent variable is _____.

Accepted Answer

A) the subjects; the control group 
B) the experimental group; concentration 
C) room color; concentration 
D) concentration; room color

Question 2

A psychologist may

Accepted Answer

A) teach, do therapy, or conduct research. 
B) have a doctorate or a master's degree. 
C) serve as a consultant to businesses, schools, and social agencies. 
D) be characterized by all of these.

Question 3

A teacher asks the school psychologist to observe her class through the two-way mirror and determine why the class disruptions are occurring.Just as the psychologist is walking into the room off to the side of the classroom to observe, the teacher assistant tells the psychologist, "Pay close attention to Claire and Robert over there by the maps.I think they are the real troublemakers in the class." After this encounter, the school psychologist will have to struggle with the

Accepted Answer

A) observer effect. 
B) observer bias. 
C) placebo effect. 
D) anthropomorphic error.

Question 4

An experimenter conducts an experiment on the effects of a drug to control hallucinations.The experimenter declares the results to be "statistically significant," which usually means that

Accepted Answer

A) even though appropriate statistics were used, no differences could be detected between the experimental and control groups. 
B) the results have important implications for theory or practice. 
C) differences of this size between the experimental and control groups would occur by chance only five times out of 100 (or less). 
D) differences between the experimental and control groups were so large they could never occur by chance alone.

Question 5

Eastern societies emphasize the importance of cooperation over individuality.The reverse tends to be true in Western societies.These findings would be of primary interest to which group of psychologists?

Accepted Answer

A) cultural psychologists 
B) learning theorists 
C) forensic psychologists 
D) comparative psychologists

Question 6

A(n) _____ psychologist is studying how exposure to different kinds of play (e.g., with dolls versus blocks) affects the development of boys versus girls.

Accepted Answer

A) gender 
B) comparative 
C) learning 
D) evolutionary

Question 7

In an experiment to study the effects of fertilizer on plants, the fertilizer used on each plant would be

Accepted Answer

A) the dependent variable. 
B) an extraneous variable. 
C) an irrelevant variable. 
D) the independent variable.

Question 8

If a correlational relationship is perfect, the coefficient would

Accepted Answer

A) be zero. 
B) be a +1.00 or a -1.00. 
C) always be a negative correlation. 
D) always be a positive correlation.

Question 9

The best way to reduce observer bias in naturalistic observation is to

Accepted Answer

A) have no observer. 
B) keep careful observational records. 
C) train the subject extensively. 
D) have a control group.

Question 10

Most clinical psychologists hold a Ph.D.degree and follow a scientist-practitioner model, which means they

Accepted Answer

A) must perform counseling in a scientific manner. 
B) are encouraged to conduct research even after they become therapists. 
C) are required to conduct therapeutic research in order to maintain their licenses. 
D) are trained to do either scientific research or therapy.

Question 11

Which of the following coefficients of correlation indicates the WEAKEST relationship between two sets of variables?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.08 
B) -0.29 
C) 0.48 
D) -1.00

Question 12

You want to test people's reactions to a new artificial sweetener, and so you give them coffee with two different kinds of sweetener.However, you are worried about possible cues you may give people as to which sweetener they're getting.So, you have your assistant prepare the packets so she knows which is which but you do not, and then you give the sweeteners to your subjects.This type of experiment is called a _____ experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) double-blind 
B) single-blind 
C) placebo effect 
D) placebo bias

Question 13

A(n) _____ is a formal trial undertaken to confirm or disconfirm a hypothesis about the causes of behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) case study 
B) survey 
C) correlational study 
D) experiment

Question 14

An experiment is performed to see if background music improves learning.Two groups study the same material, one while listening to music and another without music.The independent variable is

Accepted Answer

A) learning. 
B) the size of the group. 
C) the material studied. 
D) music.

Question 15

Which type of psychologist would most likely study the behavior of gorillas or the communication abilities of porpoises?

Accepted Answer

A) biopsychologist 
B) comparative psychologist 
C) environmental psychologist 
D) forensic psychologist

Question 16

Miranda holds a master's degree and works with patients in clinics and hospitals as part of a therapeutic team.Her typical duties include evaluating patients and their families by visiting the patients' homes, schools, or workplaces to help alleviate their problems.Miranda is most likely which type of mental health professional?

Accepted Answer

A) psychoanalyst 
B) psychiatric social worker 
C) counselor 
D) psychologist

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a step in a psychological experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) varying a condition you believe might affect behavior 
B) creating two similar groups of subjects 
C) administering the same condition to both groups 
D) recording whether the condition has any effect on behavior

Question 18

The phenomenon in which a prediction prompts people to act in ways that make the prediction come true is known as the

Accepted Answer

A) pseudomemory prophecy. 
B) prediction effect. 
C) self-fulfilling prophecy. 
D) placebo effect.

Question 19

Which of the following psychological approaches is matched correctly to its view of human nature?

Accepted Answer

A) humanistic------------------positive, philosophical view 
B) psychodynamic------------neutral, scientific, somewhat mechanistic view 
C) behavioristic---------------somewhat negative, pessimistic view 
D) cognitive--------------------positive, philosophical view

Question 20

An observation that the higher the air temperature, the lower the activity of test animals would be an example of a

Accepted Answer

A) negative correlation. 
B) positive correlation. 
C) causal relationship. 
D) zero correlation.

Exam 1: Extension B: Introduction to Psychology and Research Methods

Antoine is conducting an experiment on the effects of room color on concentration.The independent variable is _ and the dependent variable is _.