Deck 8: Drugs Used in the Treatment of Hyperlipidemias

Question 1

Which natural product may reduce the effectiveness of statins?

A)Yohimbe
B)St.John's wort
C)Vitamin C
D)Chromium

Answer 1

St.John's wort

Question 2

Which option describes the mechanism of action of statins?

A)Enhances conversion of 3-hydroxy-3 methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA),the transmembrane protein that catalyzes a key step in the mevalonate pathway
B)Inhibits conversion of HMG-CoA
C)Increases fatty acid release from adipose tissue and inhibits fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis in the liver
D)Increases fatty acid release from adipose tissue and increases fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis in the liver

Answer 2

Inhibits conversion of HMG-CoA

Question 3

Bile acid sequestrants are not recommended for monotherapy if triglyceride levels are more than:

A)100 mg/dl.
B)200 mg/dl.
C)300 mg/dl.
D)400 mg/dl.

Answer 3

400 mg/dl.

Question 4

Which effect is considered a serious adverse reaction to statin therapy?

A)Rhinitis
B)Altered taste
C)Rhabdomyolysis
D)Headache

Question 5

Any statin can be used to treat which condition?

A)Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in adolescents
B)Homozygous familial hyperlipidemia
C)Hypertriglyceridemia
D)Mixed dyslipidemia

Question 6

The most common adverse effect of niacin and the number one reason it is discontinued is:

A)Headache.
B)Muscle pain.
C)Facial flushing.
D)Elevations of liver enzymes.

Question 7

The typical starting dose of any statin is:

A)10 mg.
B)20 mg.
C)30 mg.
D)40 mg.

Question 8

Bile acid sequestrants cause which effects?

A)Reduce LDL and HDL cholesterol
B)Reduce LDL cholesterol and increase HDL cholesterol
C)Reduce LDL and total cholesterol
D)Reduce LDL cholesterol and increase triglycerides

Question 9

Bile acid sequestrants are taken via which route?

A)Injection
B)Oral
C)Transdermal
D)Rectal

Question 10

Which findings are indications to begin niacin drug therapy?

A)Low triglycerides,low HDL cholesterol,and elevated LDL cholesterol
B)Elevated triglycerides,elevated HDL cholesterol,and elevated LDL cholesterol
C)Elevated triglycerides,low HDL cholesterol,and elevated LDL cholesterol
D)Elevated triglycerides,low HDL cholesterol,and low LDL cholesterol

Question 11

While on statin therapy,a patient should limit which common beverage?

A)Milk
B)Apple juice
C)Grapefruit juice
D)Soda

Question 12

The half-life of rosuvastatin (Crestor)is:

A)1.2 hours.
B)2 hours.
C)14 hours.
D)19 hours.

Question 13

When should liver function tests be performed for a patient on statin therapy?

A)Baseline,6 months,12 months,and then annually
B)Baseline,6 months,and then annually
C)1 month,2 months,then at 6-month intervals
D)1 month,6 months,12 months,and then annually

Question 14

Which condition is a contraindication to prescribing a statin?

A)Testosterone deficiency
B)Elevated liver function test results
C)Anemia
D)Elevated hemoglobin level and hematocrit

Question 15

Bile acid sequestrants may cause a deficiency of which vitamin?

A)Vitamin A
B)Vitamin B₁
C)Vitamin B₆
D)Vitamin C

Question 16

What is the mechanism of action of niacin?

A)Inhibits fatty acid release from adipose tissue and inhibits fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis in the liver
B)Increases fatty acid release from adipose tissue and inhibits fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis in the liver
C)Increases fatty acid release from adipose tissue and increases fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis in the liver
D)Inhibits fatty acid release from adipose tissue and increases fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis in the liver

Question 17

The bile acid sequestrant cholestyramine (Questran,Prevalite)is used to treat hyperlipidemia and what other condition?

A)Adult onset acne
B)Pruritus associated with partial biliary obstruction
C)Exercise-induced pruritus
D)Urticaria of unknown etiology

Question 18

Which substance can be taken 30 minutes prior to taking niacin to reduce flushing and pruritus?

A)Aspirin
B)Caffeine
C)Coffee
D)Tylenol

Question 19

Bile acid sequestrants are excreted via:

A)Urine.
B)Feces.
C)Skin.
D)Large bowel.

Question 20

Statins are metabolized via the:

A)Kidneys.
B)Liver.
C)Large bowel.
D)Small bowel.

Question 21

What is the half-life of ezetimibe (Zetia)?

A)12 hours
B)22 hours
C)28 hours
D)32 hours

Question 22

What is the typical dose of ezetimibe (Zetia)?

A)5 mg
B)10 mg
C)15 mg
D)20 mg

Question 23

When niacin is given concomitantly with some antihypertensive medications,which reaction can occur?

A)Headache
B)Postural hypotension
C)Postural hypertension
D)Vomiting

Question 24

Vytorin is a common combined drug used to treat elevated cholesterol that is composed of which two drugs?

A)amlodipine besylate and atorvastatin calcium
B)niacin and lovastatin
C)ezetimibe and simvastatin
D)niacin and simvastatin

Question 25

Absorption of fibric acid derivatives is reduced by the presence of which of the following?

A)Niacin
B)Statins
C)Bile acid sequestrants
D)Red wheat rice

Question 26

Fibric acid derivatives are primarily prescribed to:

A)Lower LDLs and HDLs.
B)Lower triglycerides and HDLs.
C)Lower triglycerides and increase HDLs.
D)Increase LDLs and HDLs.

Question 27

When concomitantly taking a statin,ezetimibe (Zetia)can be taken:

A)At the same time as the statin.
B)1 hour before taking the statin.
C)2 hours before taking the statin.
D)4 hours after taking the statin.

Question 28

What is the trade name for clofibrate?

A)TriCor
B)Triglide
C)Antara
D)Atromid-S

Question 29

Statins are in which U.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA)pregnancy safety category?

A)Category A
B)Category B
C)Category C
D)Category X

Question 30

After oral administration,what percentage of fibric acid derivatives is absorbed?

A)10%
B)20%
C)40%
D)60%

Question 31

Which of the following is a cardiovascular adverse reaction that can occur in patients taking gemfibrozil (Lopid)?

A)Myocardial infarction
B)Arrhythmias
C)Hypertension
D)Hypotension

Question 32

Ezetimibe (Zetia)is secreted primarily via:

A)Skin.
B)Stomach.
C)Feces.
D)Urine.

Question 33

How should niacin/simvastatin (Symcor)be taken?

A)500 mg/20 mg daily at bedtime with a snack
B)20 mg/500 mg daily at bedtime on an empty stomach
C)500 mg/20 mg twice a day
D)20 mg/500 mg twice a day

Question 34

Which patient has contraindications to the prescription of ezetimibe (Zetia)?

A)An individual on a statin with hepatitis
B)An individual on a statin with diabetes
C)An individual on a statin with gout
D)An individual on a statin with hypertension

Question 35

What is the staring dose of ezetimibe/simvastatin (Vytorin)?

A)5 mg/10 mg
B)10 mg/10 mg
C)10 mg/20 mg
D)20 mg/20 mg

Question 36

Concurrent use of a fibric acid derivative with which substance increases the risk of rhabdomyolysis?

A)Niacin
B)HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
C)Ezetimibe
D)Red wheat rice

Question 37

What is the half-life of the fibric acid derivative gemfibrozil (Lopid)?

A)1.5 hours
B)5 hours
C)12 hours
D)20 hours

Question 38

What is the trade name of amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium?

A)Caduet
B)Advicor
C)Vytorin
D)Symcor

Question 39

Niacin is excreted via:

A)Feces.
B)Large bowel.
C)Skin.
D)Urine.

Question 40

When concomitantly taking a bile acid sequestrant,ezetimibe (Zetia)can be taken:

A)At the same time as the bile acid sequestrant.
B)30 minutes before taking the bile acid sequestrant.
C)60 minutes before taking the bile acid sequestrant.
D)120 minutes before taking the bile acid sequestrant.