Deck 6: Drugs Used in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disorders

Question 1

Which medication has a side effect profile that includes dry cough,hyperkalemia,and dizziness?

A)captopril (Capoten)
B)metoprolol (Lopressor,Toprol)
C)spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide (Aldactazide)
D)diltiazem (Cardizem)

Answer 1

captopril (Capoten)

Question 2

Which of the following drugs have antibodies made from sheep protein and can be used to reverse digitalis toxicity?

A)Dopar
B)DigiSTAT
C)dobutamine
D)digoxin immune fab (Digibind)

Answer 2

digoxin immune fab (Digibind)

Question 3

Which of the following potassium channel blockers is given intravenously to control life-threatening ventricular fibrillation that is unresponsive to other agents?

A)bretylium (Bretylol)
B)procainamide (Pronestyle,Procan SR)
C)amiodarone (Cordarone)
D)warfarin (Coumadin)

Answer 3

amiodarone (Cordarone)

Question 4

Patients who have asthma,diabetes,and peripheral vascular disease should use which of the following drugs?

A)metoprolol (Toprol)
B)nifedipine (Procardia)
C)verapamil (Calan)
D)diltiazem (Cardizem)

Question 5

Which of the following phosphodiesterase inhibitors is used for short-term treatment of congestive heart failure when a patient is unresponsive to conventional therapy?

A)amrinone (Inocor)
B)dobutamine
C)procainamide (Pronestyl,Procan SR)
D)bretylium (Bretylol)

Question 6

A patient with digoxin toxicity will most likely report which symptom?

A)Seizures
B)Blurry vision
C)Photosensitivity
D)Muscle pain and weakness

Question 7

What is the drug type of choice for Prinzmetal angina,as well as for patients with chronic stable angina,hypertension,and supraventricular arrhythmias?

A)Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
B)Beta-adrenergic blockers
C)Calcium channel blockers
D)Angiotensin II receptor blockers

Question 8

When mixed with nitrates,which drug can cause hypotension,dizziness,and even death?

A)aspirin
B)sildenafil (Viagra)
C)metoprolol (Lopressor,Toprol)
D)heparin

Question 9

Which substance increases the depletion of potassium,thereby increasing the risk of digitalis toxicity in patients taking digoxin?

A)Grapefruit
B)Bananas
C)Licorice
D)Sweet potatoes

Question 10

Which agent binds to Ca++ channels to decrease Ca++ influx and to slow the response of the sinoatrial (SA)and atrioventricular (AV)node?

A)metoprolol (Lopressor,Toprol)
B)propranolol (Inderal)
C)diltiazem (Cardizem)
D)dobutamine

Question 11

The mechanism of action of which drug reduces preload (through venodilation)and afterload (through arterial dilation),thus helping to treat both hypertension and congestive heart failure?

A)furosemide
B)captopril (Capoten)
C)nifedipine (Procardia)
D)metoprolol (Lopressor,Toprol)

Question 12

In addition to nausea,dizziness,and fatigue,what is another possible side effect of calcium channel blockers?

A)Apoplexy
B)Bronchospasm
C)Constipation
D)Diarrhea

Question 13

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)increase the circulating levels of which substance?

A)Nitrous oxide
B)Bradykinin
C)Angiotensin II
D)Natriuretic peptide

Question 14

A patient complains of syncope,postural hypotension,tachycardia,throbbing headache,and hot flushes.These findings are common side effects of which medication?

A)nitroglycerin patch
B)amlodipine (Norvasc)
C)diltiazem
D)quinidine (Quinidex,Cardioquin)

Question 15

Which of the following drugs causes the release of nitric oxide,which then acts to relax veins and arteries?

A)inamnirone
B)isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil)
C)captopril (Capoten)
D)diltiazem (Cardizem)

Question 16

A patient who enters an emergency department with signs and symptoms of heart failure is likely to be given dobutamine,which is a(n):

A)Parental inotropic agent that enhances heart muscle contractility and cardiac output.
B)Parental diuretic that reduces heart load.
C)Inhaled beta agonist that slows the heart.
D)Sublingual tablet used to reduce the pain of myocardial infarction.

Question 17

Cilostazol has a similar method of action as sildenafil,but it acts on different receptors,which are affected by:

A)methylxanthine.
B)phosphodiesterase.
C)calcium channels.
D)beta-1 selective receptors.

Question 18

By blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II,which of the following agents can be used to treat mild to moderate hypertension?

A)Beta-adrenergic blockers
B)Calcium channel blockers
C)Diuretics
D)Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors

Question 19

Because calcium channel blockers undergo significant first-pass metabolism,which of the following responses would you expect to occur in a patient with cirrhosis who is taking a calcium channel blocker?

A)The drug is converted to active metabolites.
B)The drug's half-life is altered.
C)Titration of the dosage will be difficult.
D)No significant clinical difference will occur.

Question 20

Hypokalemic alkalosis is a side effect of which type of drug?

A)Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
B)Beta-adrenergic blockers
C)Angiotensin receptor blockers
D)Loop diuretics

Question 21

Statins are contraindicated in which of the following patients?

A)Patients older than age 65
B)Patients with glaucoma
C)Patients who are pregnant
D)Patients who have gall bladder disease

Question 22

Which of the following drugs may be added to the medication regimen of a patient who has left ventricular failure who remains symptomatic after treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and a diuretic?

A)spironolactone
B)digoxin
C)enalapril
D)metoprolol (Lopressor,Toprol)

Question 23

Which of the following drugs is most effective at reducing high triglyceride levels in which very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs)predominate?

A)niacin
B)gemfibrozil (Lopid)
C)lovastatin (Mevacor)
D)omega-3 fatty acids

Question 24

Treatments for digitalis toxicity include all of the following except:

A)potassium administration.
B)calcium administration.
C)lidocaine.
D)atropine.

Question 25

Which of the following drugs has a significant first-pass metabolism and,therefore,is commonly prescribed either sublingually or via transdermal patch?

A)nifedipine (Procardia)
B)nitroglycerin
C)adenosine
D)lidocaine (Xylocaine)

Question 26

Niacin is popular for its ability to lower triglycerides,but its use is limited because many people suffer from which of the following side effects?

A)Flatulence
B)Blurry vision
C)Skin flushing
D)Sore joints

Question 27

What drug is a class IC medication that stabilizes membranes and depresses the action potential phase?

A)flecainide (Tambocor)
B)lidocaine (Xylocaine)
C)procainamide (Pronestyl,Procan SR)
D)tocainide (Tonocard)

Question 28

Beta-adrenergic blockers are used in the treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF)because they reduce heart muscle oxygen demand by:

A)Reducing the force of heart muscle contractions.
B)Increasing heart rate.
C)Increasing rennin secretion by the kidneys.
D)Decreasing the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.

Question 29

Quinidine is an example of what type of antiarrhythmic?

A)Sodium channel blocker
B)Beta-adrenergic blocker
C)Potassium channel blocker
D)Calcium channel blocker

Question 30

Potassium channel blockers are in which class of antiarrhythmic drugs?

A)Class 1A
B)Class 1B
C)Class II
D)Class III

Question 31

Why is epinephrine given during cardiac arrest?

A)It increases peripheral resistance so that blood is shunted to the body's core and increases cardiac output and heart rate.
B)It decreases peripheral resistance so that blood is shunted to the body's core and increases cardiac output and heart rate.
C)It decreases peripheral resistance so that blood is shunted to the body's core and decreases cardiac output and heart rate.
D)It decreases peripheral resistance so that blood is shunted to the heart while decreasing cardiac output.

Question 32

Which of the following drugs is effective in lowering a patient's low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides but may cause myalgia and should not be taken with grapefruit juice?

A)niacin
B)gemfibrozil
C)lovastatin (Mevacor)
D)isosorbide

Question 33

While a patient is on statins,which of the following should be monitored?

A)Creatine kinase level
B)Glucose level
C)Liver function tests
D)Thyroid function tests

Question 34

Which of the following antiarrhythmic drugs works by blocking sodium channels,thereby shortening phase 3 repolarization in ventricular muscle fibers?

A)verapamil (Calan)
B)propranolol (Inderal)
C)sotalol (Betapace)
D)lidocaine (Xylocaine)

Question 35

This drug can be used as a local anesthetic as well as for treating ventricular arrhythmias.

A)procainamide
B)lidocaine (Xylocaine)
C)quinidine
D)flecainide (Tambocor)

Question 36

Which drug is both a class II and class III antiarrhythmic?

A)lidocaine (Xylocaine)
B)sotalol (Betapace)
C)tocainide (Tonocard)
D)atropine

Question 37

A patient asks you what an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor does.How should you respond?

A)"It decreases cholesterol synthesis in the liver."
B)"It increases the activity of a lipoprotein lipase,an enzyme in plasma."
C)"It reduces circulating free fatty acids and liver triacylglycerol synthesis."
D)"It binds bile acids into insoluble complexes that stimulate the liver to increase conversion of cholesterol into bile."

Question 38

A patient is experiencing supraventricular tachycardia.You try to have the patient perform Valsalva's maneuver with no success.She has 90% bilateral carotid stenosis.What should you do next?

A)Perform carotid massage
B)Administer adenosine
C)Administer metoprolol (Lopressor,Toprol)
D)Perform cardioversion

Question 39

Fish oils high in omega-3 fatty acids have demonstrated which benefit?

A)Lower triglyceride level
B)Lower total cholesterol level
C)Lower high-density lipoprotein level
D)Lower low-density lipoprotein level

Question 40

Calcium channel blockers are in which class of antiarrhythmics?

A)Class I
B)Class II
C)Class III
D)Class IV