Deck 18: A Macroscopic Description of Matter

Question 1

When a vapor condenses,

A)the temperature of the substance increases.
B)the temperature of the substance decreases.
C)heat energy leaves the substance.
D)heat energy enters the substance.

Answer 1

heat energy leaves the substance.

Question 2

A rod has a length 2.00000 m at 10.0°C.The length of the rod increases to 2.00060 m when the temperature increases to 30.0°C.What is the coefficient of linear expansion of the material from which the rod is made?

A)2.0 × 10^-5/K
B)2.5 × 10^-5/K
C)1.5 × 10^-5/K
D)1.0 × 10^-3/K
E)1.0 × 10^-5/K

Answer 2

1.5 × 10^-5/K

Question 3

The exterior of a supersonic airplane is made of aluminum,which has a coefficient of linear expansion of 24 × 10^-6 K^-1.At 15°C,the plane measures 62.1 m in length.When the plane is in flight,friction with the air increases the temperature of the exterior skin to 200°C.What is the change in the length of the outer skin of the plane?

A)20 cm
B)24 cm
C)28 cm
D)32 cm
E)36 cm

Answer 3

28 cm

Question 4

The hole for a bolt in a brass plate has a diameter of 1.200 cm at 20°C.What is the diameter of the hole when the plate is heated to 220°C? The coefficient of linear thermal expansion for brass is 19 × 10^-6/°C.(Express your answer to 4 significant figures.)

A)1.205 cm
B)1.125 cm
C)1.195 cm
D)1.200 cm
E)1.210 cm

Question 5

Suppose that a steel bridge,1000 m long,was built without any expansion joints and that only one end of the bridge was held fixed.What would the difference in the length of the bridge be between winter and summer,taking a typical winter temperature as 0.00°C,and a typical summer temperature as 40°C? The coefficient of thermal expansion of steel is 10.5 × 10^-6 K^-1.

A)0.42 m
B)0.11 mm
C)0.11 m
D)0.42 mm
E)0.37 cm

Question 6

The number of molecules in one mole of a substance

A)depends on the molecular weight of the substance.
B)depends on the atomic weight of the substance.
C)depends on the density of the substance.
D)depends on the temperature of the substance.
E)is the same for all substances.

Question 7

(a)Internal human body temperature is often stated to be normal at 98.6°F.What is this temperature on the Celsius and Kelvin scales?
(b)Gallium boils at 2205°C.What is the corresponding temperature in the Fahrenheit and Kelvin scales?
(c)The boiling point of liquid nitrogen is 77.0 K.What is the corresponding temperature in the Fahrenheit and Celsius scales?

Question 8

The coefficient of linear expansion of aluminum is 24 × 10^-6 K^-1 and the coefficient of volume expansion of olive oil is 0.68 × 10^-3 K^-1.A novice cook,in preparation for deep-frying some potatoes,fills a 1.00-L aluminum pot to the brim and heats the oil and the pot from an initial temperature of 15°C to 190°C.To his consternation some olive oil spills over the top.How much?

A)0.11 L
B)0.12 L
C)0.13 L
D)0.14 L
E)0.15 L

Question 9

A fixed amount of ideal gas is held in a rigid container that expands negligibly when heated.At 20°C the gas pressure is p.If we add enough heat to increase the temperature from 20°C to 40°C,the pressure will be

A)impossible to determine since we do not know the number of moles of gas in the container.
B)greater than 2p.
C)less than 2p.
D)equal to 2p.
E)impossible to determine since we do not know the volume of gas in the container.

Question 10

Which contains more moles of material: 80 grams of helium gas (He,having atomic weight 4.0 g/mol)or 400 grams of argon gas (Ar,having atomic weight 40 g/mol)?

A)helium
B)argon
C)Both contain the same number of moles.

Question 11

A brass rod is 40.1 cm long and an aluminum rod is 79.3 cm long when both rods are at an initial temperature of 0°C.The rods are placed in line with a gap of 0.60 cm between them,as shown in the figure.The distance between the far ends of the rods is maintained at 120.0 cm throughout.The temperature of both rods is raised until the two rods are barely in contact.The coefficients of linear expansion of brass and aluminum are 2.0 × 10^-5 K^-1 and 2.4 × 10^-5 K^-1,respectively.The temperature at which contact of the rods barely occurs is closest to

A)220°C.
B)210°C.
C)200°C.
D)230°C.
E)240°C.

Question 12

A glass flask has a volume of 500 mL at a temperature of 20°C.The flask contains of mercury at The temperature of the mercury and flask is raised until the mercury reaches the reference mark.The coefficients of volume expansion of mercury and glass are 18 × 10^-5 K^-1 and 2.0 × 10^-5 K^-1,respectively.The temperature at which this occurs is closest to

A)122°C.
B)112°C.
C)102°C.
D)110°C.
E)132°C.

Question 13

For a fixed amount of gas,if the absolute temperature of the gas is doubled,what happens to the pressure of the gas?

A)The answer cannot be determined without volume information.
B)The pressure of the gas becomes double the original pressure.
C)The pressure of the gas becomes eight times the original pressure.
D)The pressure of the gas becomes one half the original pressure.
E)The pressure of the gas becomes four times the original pressure.

Question 14

When a solid melts,

A)the temperature of the substance increases.
B)the temperature of the substance decreases.
C)heat energy leaves the substance.
D)heat energy enters the substance.

Question 15

If the temperature of an iron sphere is increased,

A)its density will increase.
B)its volume will decrease.
C)its density will decrease.
D)its mass will decrease.
E)its density will remain unchanged.

Question 16

1.000 L of water at 20.00°C will occupy what volume if it is heated to 80.00°C? Water has a volume expansion coefficient of 210 × 10^-6/°C.(Express your answer to 4 significant figures.)

A)1.600 L
B)1.326 L
C)1.013 L
D)0.9870 L
E)0.9987 L

Question 17

A machinist needs to remove a tight fitting pin of material A from a hole in a block made of material B.The machinist heats both the pin and the block to the same high temperature and removes the pin easily.What statement relates the coefficient of thermal expansion of material A to that of material B?

A)Material B has a greater coefficient of expansion than does material A.
B)The situation is not possible because heating block B will shrink the hole in the material as the material expands with increasing temperature.
C)Material B has the same coefficient of expansion as does material A.
D)Material A has a greater coefficient of expansion than does material B.

Question 18

You want to insert an aluminum rod,which at 20°C has a radius of 1.000200 cm into a copper tube which has a radius of 1.000100 cm at the same temperature.You decide to put both of them in the refrigerator.At what temperature will the rod just fit if both are cooled to the same temperature? The coefficient of thermal expansion for aluminum is 2.4 × 10^-5 K^-1,and that of copper is 1.7 × 10^-5 K^-1.

A)7.8°C
B)6.3°C
C)9.2°C
D)15°C
E)5.7°C

Question 19

Two identical concrete slabs lie flat and in contact with each other as shown in the figure.If the temperature increases by 40°C,the lower edges opposite the contact edges remained fixed in position,and the lower edges of the contact side remain in contact,at what angle will the slabs be tilted? The coefficient of thermal expansion of the concrete is 10 × 10^-6/K.

A)19°
B)0.028°
C)15°
D)1.6°
E)The answer depends on the length of the slabs.

Question 20

Two steel spheres are made of the same material and have the same diameter,but one is solid and the other is hollow.If their temperature is increased by the same amount,

A)the solid sphere becomes bigger than the hollow one.
B)the hollow sphere becomes bigger than the solid one.
C)the two spheres remain of equal size.
D)the solid sphere becomes heavier and the hollow one becomes lighter.
E)the solid sphere becomes lighter and the hollow one becomes heavier.

Question 21

The interior of a refrigerator has a volume of 0.600 m³.The temperature inside the refrigerator in 282 K,and the pressure is 101 kPa.If the molecular weight of air is 29 g/mol,what is the mass of air inside the refrigerator? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K.

A)500 g
B)560 g
C)140 g
D)270 g
E)750 g

Question 22

A hot air balloon has a volume of 2.00 × 10³ m³ when fully inflated,and the air inside the balloon is always at atmospheric pressure of 1.01 × 10⁵ Pa because of the large opening used to fill the balloon and heat the air inside it.What is the mass of hot air inside the balloon if its temperature is 120°C? The universal gas constant is 8.314 J/mol ∙ K.(Assume a molecular weight of 28.8 g/mol for air.)

A)1780 kg
B)5850 kg
C)203 kg
D)62.0 kg

Question 23

A bag of potato chips contains 2.00 L of air when it is sealed at sea level at a pressure of 1.00 atm and a temperature of 20.0°C.What will be the volume of the air in the bag if you take it with you,still sealed,to the mountains where the temperature is 7.00°C and atmospheric pressure is 70.0 kPa? Assume that the bag behaves like a balloon and that the air in the bag is in thermal equilibrium with the outside air.(1 atm = 1.01 × 10⁵ Pa)

A)4.13 L
B)1.01 L
C)1.38 L
D)2.76 L

Question 24

An ideal gas is at a pressure 1.00 × 10⁵ N/m² and occupies a volume 2.00 m³.If the gas is compressed to a volume 1.00 m³ while the temperature remains constant,what will be the new pressure in the gas?

A)0.500 × 10⁵ N/m²
B)4.00 × 10⁵ N/m²
C)1.00 × 10⁵ N/m²
D)2.00 × 10⁵ N/m²
E)The answer depends on the mass of the gas particles.

Question 25

A weather balloon contains 12.0 m³ of hydrogen gas when the balloon is released from a location at which the temperature is 22.0°C and the pressure is 101 kPa.The balloon rises to a location where the temperature is -30.0°C and the pressure is 20.0 kPa.If the balloon is free to expand so that the pressure of the gas inside is equal to the ambient pressure,what is the new volume of the balloon? Assume that in both cases the hydrogen gas is in thermal equilibrium with the outside air.

A)14.0 m³
B)2.38 m³
C)49.9 m³
D)82.6 m³
E)4.16 m³

Question 26

A sealed 89- tank is filled with 6000 moles of oxygen gas (O₂)at an initial temperature of 270 K.The gas is heated to a final temperature of 350 K.The ATOMIC mass of oxygen is 16.0 g/mol,and the ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol · K = 0.0821 L · atm/mol · K.The initial pressure of the gas is closest to

A)0.15 MPa.
B)0.17 MPa.
C)0.19 MPa.
D)0.13 MPa.
E)0.11 MPa.

Question 27

2.0 L of an ideal nitrogen gas (N₂)are at 0.00°C and 1.0 atm.The ideal gas constant is
R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K,Avogadro's number is 6.022 × 10²³ molecules/mol,and the ATOMIC mass of nitrogen is 14 g/mol.
(a)Determine the number of moles of N₂.
(b)How many molecules of N₂ are present?
(c)What is the mass of this gas?

Question 28

The figure shows a 50-kg frictionless cylindrical piston that floats on 0.68 mol of compressed air at 30°C.How far does the piston move if the temperature is increased to 300°C?

A)120 cm
B)250 cm
C)130 cm
D)1300 cm

Question 29

If a certain sample of an ideal gas has a temperature of 109°C and exerts a pressure of on the walls of its container,how many gas molecules are present in each cubic centimeter of volume? The ideal gas constant is 8.314 J/mol · K and Avogadro's number is
6.022 × 10²³ molecules/mol.

Question 30

The coefficient of volume expansion of olive oil is 0.68 × 10^-3 K^-1.A 1.00-L glass beaker is filled to the brim with olive oil at room temperature.The beaker is placed on a range and the temperature of the oil and beaker increases by 25°C.As a result,0.0167 L of olive oil spill over the top of the beaker.What is the coefficient of linear expansion of the glass?

A)1.0 × 10^-6 K^-1
B)4.0 × 10^-6 K^-1
C)1.0 × 10^-5 K^-1
D)2.0 × 10^-5 K^-1
E)3.0 × 10^-5 K^-1

Question 31

A sealed container holds 0.020 moles of nitrogen (N₂)gas,at a pressure of 1.5 atmospheres and a temperature of 290 K.The atomic mass of nitrogen is 14.0 g/mol.The Boltzmann constant is 1.38 × 10^-23 J/K and the ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol · K = 0.0821 L · atm/mol · K.The mass density of the gas is closest to

A)0.90 kg/m³.
B)1.3 kg/m³.
C)1.8 kg/m³.
D)2.2 kg/m³.
E)2.6 kg/m³.

Question 32

A certain metal has a coefficient of linear expansion of 2.00 × 10^-5 K^-1.It has been kept in a laboratory oven at 325°C for a long time.It is now removed from the oven and placed in a freezer at -145°C.After it has reached freezer temperature,the percent change in its density during this process is closest to

A)+2.90%.
B)-2.90%.
C)+2.74%.
D)-2.74%.
E)It is not possible to tell without knowing the mass and original volume of the metal.

Question 33

A vertical tube that is closed at the upper end and open at the lower end contains an air pocket.The open end of the tube is under the water of a lake,as shown in the figure.When the lower end of the tube is just under the surface of the lake,where the temperature is 37°C and the pressure is 1.0 × 10⁵ Pa,the air pocket occupies a volume of .Suppose now that the lower end of the tube is at a depth of 86 m in the lake,where the temperature is 7.0°C.What is the volume of the air pocket under these conditions? The density of the water in the lake is 1000 kg/m³.

Question 34

3.00 moles of an ideal gas at a pressure of 250 kPa are held in a container of volume of 25.0 L.The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K,and
1 atm = 1.01 × 10⁵ Pa.The temperature of this gas is closest to

A)240°C.
B)-180°C.
C)480°C.
D)-1.0°C.
E)-22°C.

Question 35

How many moles of water (H₂O)molecules are in a 4.00 m³ container at a pressure 8.00 × 10⁵ N/m² and temperature 600°C? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K
= 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K.

A)7.72 × 10²⁶ mol
B)641 mol
C)441 mol
D)3.86 × 10²⁶ mol
E)2.65 × 10²⁶ mol

Question 36

Sometimes an experiment requires a certain pure gas to be used at reduced pressure.One way to achieve this is to purchase a sealed glass container filled with the gas,and to introduce the gas into a vacuum by attaching the glass container to the vacuum chamber and breaking the tip of the glass container using a metallic bean and a magnet.If the volume of the glass container is 1.0 L and it is at a pressure of 1.0 × 10⁵ Pa and if the vacuum chamber has a volume of 2.0 L,what will the pressure be after the gas,which is to be assumed to be an ideal gas,is released into the vacuum chamber and the temperature has returned to its original value? (Note that the glass container remains part of the system.)

A)33 kPa
B)50 kPa
C)300 kPa
D)200 kPa

Question 37

What is the mass density of argon gas at pressure 1.00 × 10⁵ N/m² and at temperature 300 K? The mean atomic mass of argon is 39.948 g/mol and the ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = .

A)1.40 kg/m³
B)1.00 kg/m³
C)1.20 kg/m³
D)1.60 kg/m³
E)1.80 kg/m³

Question 38

A 3.2-L volume of neon gas (Ne)is at a pressure of 3.3 atm and a temperature of 330 K.The atomic mass of neon is 20.2 g/mol,Avogadro's number is 6.022 × 10²³ molecules/mol,and the ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol · K = 0.0821 L · atm/mol · K.The mass of the neon gas is closest to

A)7.9 × 10^-3 kg.
B)4.6 × 10^-3 kg.
C)3.8 kg.
D)7.8 kg.
E)7.8 × 10² kg.

Question 39

A cold trap is set up to cause molecules to linger near the suction in a vacuum system.If the cold trap has an effective volume of 0.200 L and is maintained at how many molecules are in it at 10.0 Pa of pressure? (Avogadro's number is 6.022 × 10²³ molecules/mol,and the universal gas constant is 8.314 J/mol ∙ K.Assume the behavior of an ideal gas.)

A)1.11 × 10¹⁹ molecules
B)1.10 × 10²² molecules
C)7.71 × 10²⁰ molecules
D)7.71 × 10²³ molecules

Question 40

A sealed 26- tank is filled with 2000 moles of oxygen gas (O₂)at an initial temperature of 270 K.The gas is heated to a final temperature of 460 K.The ATOMIC mass of oxygen is 16.0 g/mol,and the ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol · K = 0.0821 L · atm/mol · K.The final pressure of the gas is closest to

A)0.29 MPa.
B)0.31 MPa.
C)0.33 MPa.
D)0.34 MPa.
E)0.36 MPa.

Question 41

The figure (not to scale)shows a pV diagram for 1.8 g of helium gas (He)that undergoes the process 1 → 2 → 3.Find the value of V₃.The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K,and the atomic weight of helium is 4.0 g/mol.

A)17 L
B)69 L
C)34 L
D)8.6 L

Question 42

The figure shows a pV diagram for 0.95 mol of gas that undergoes the process 1 → 2.The gas then undergoes an isochoric heating from point 2 until the pressure is restored to the value it had at point 1.What is the final temperature of the gas? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = .

A)-160°C
B)15°C
C)390°C
D)120°C

Question 43

The figure shows a pV diagram for 0.0066 mol of gas that undergoes the process 1 → 2 → 3.What is the pressure p₂.The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K.

A)5.3 atm
B)5.3 × 10⁵ _atm
C)16 atm
D)1.6 × 10⁶ _atm

Question 44

The figure shows a pV diagram for 8.3 g of nitrogen gas (N₂)in a sealed container.The temperature T₁ of the gas in state 1 is 79°C.What are (a)the pressure p₁ of the gas in state 1 and (b)the temperature T₂ of the gas in state 2? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = ,and the ATOMIC weight of nitrogen is 14 g/mol.

A)(a)86 atm,(b)700°C.
B)(a)19 atm,(b)700°C.
C)(a)86 atm,(b)160°C.
D)(a)19 atm,(b)160°C.

Question 45

A 25-L container holds ideal hydrogen (H₂)gas at a gauge pressure of 0.25 atm and a temperature of 0°C.What mass of hydrogen gas is in this container? The ATOMIC mass of hydrogen is 1.0 g/mol,the ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K,and 1.00 atm = 101 kPa.

A)1.4 g
B)2.8 g
C)4.2 g
D)5.6 g
E)6.3 g

Question 46

The figure shows a pV diagram for 4.3 g of oxygen gas (O₂)in a sealed container.The temperature T₁ of the gas in state 1 is 21°C.What are the temperatures T₃ and T₄ of the gas in states 3 and 4? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K,and the ATOMIC weight of oxygen is 16 g/mol.

A)-52°C,390°C
B)16°C,47°C
C)220°C,660°C
D)11°C,32°C