Deck 11: To Be or Not to Be a Parent: More Choices, More Constraints

Question 1

The mother starts to feel the fetus move and become active ________.

A) from the time of fertilization
B) in the first trimester
C) in the second trimester
D) in the third trimester

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Jane and Jack actively discussed having children and jointly decided to conceive a child.The thought of having their own children excited them as well.They are an example of ________ couples.

A) planner
B) acceptance-of-fate
C) ambivalent
D) yes-no

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The ________ refers to the average number of children born to a woman during her lifetime.

A) birth rate
B) growth rate
C) maternity rate
D) total fertility rate

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Amanda agrees to artificially inseminate herself with Jim's sperm as Jim's wife, Maria, cannot conceive biologically.If Amanda gives birth to Jim and Maria's child, she is referred to as a ________ mother.

A) surrogate
B) test-tube
C) prenatal
D) adoptive

Question 5

Lean, a pregnant woman, was advised by doctors to opt for a surgical procedure to remove the baby from her womb because the baby was in an abnormal birth position.The surgical procedure mentioned in this scenario is known as a ________.

A) caesarean section
B) surrogate surgery
C) postnatal operation
D) water birth

Question 6

________ are pleasantly surprised and quietly welcoming of a child, even though they have not specifically planned a pregnancy?

A) Planners
B) Acceptance-of-fate couples
C) Ambivalent couples
D) Yes-no couples

Question 7

Briefly explain why people typically choose to be child free.

Question 8

Which of the following is typically a feature in the first trimester of an expectant mother?

A) awkwardness and clumsiness
B) frequent nausea, heartburn, and insomnia
C) movement of the fetus
D) frequent backaches

Question 9

The number of live children born every year per 1,000 women ages 15 to 44 refers to the ________.

A) paternity rate
B) surrogacy rate
C) infancy rate
D) fertility rate

Question 10

John did not want to have a child, but his wife, Jane, decided to go ahead with the pregnancy regardless of his wishes.They eventually divorced over the situation.John and Jane are an example of a(n)________couple.

A) planner
B) acceptance-of-fate
C) ambivalent
D) yes-no

Question 11

Which of the following is true of abortion according to demographics?

A) Abortion is seen least among white, unmarried women.
B) Abortion is most common among married Latinas.
C) The majority of abortions occur in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.
D) The majority of abortions are performed on people who live high-income households.

Question 12

Which of the following causes infertility in men?

A) chemical pollutants
B) endometriosis
C) chlamydia
D) anorexia

Question 13

How do women differ from men with regard to being child free?

A) Women with a college education and careers are more likely than their male counterparts to be child free.
B) Men are more likely to be child free than women as there has been a steep increase in work-at-home dads.
C) Married men are more likely to be child free when compared to married women.
D) Involuntarily childless women are more likely to be child free than voluntary single men.

Question 14

Which of the following is true of nonmarital births in America?

A) The majority of children born in America are from nonmarital births.
B) Births to unmarried women are similar across racial-ethnic groups.
C) Teenagers account for less than one percent of all nonmarital births.
D) White women have more nonmarital babies than do other groups.

Question 15

Henry argues that having newborns can have a negative effect on fathers.Which of the following is an accurate statement that strengthens Henry's claim?

A) Typically, the responsibility for a baby's care tends to fall heavily on new fathers, they are more likely than mothers to experience marital dissatisfaction
B) Between four and ten percent of fathers are found to have postpartum depression symptoms in the first year of their children's birth.
C) Fatherhood has found to enhance the sense of maturity and responsibility in most men.
D) Bonding between the mother and the newborn has always been found to be more endearing and instant than between the father and the newborn.

Question 16

________ have mixed feelings before and after conception and even well into the pregnancy.

A) Yes-no couples
B) Acceptance-of-fate couples
C) Planners
D) Ambivalent couples

Question 17

Karen and Tim are having a debate on the benefits and costs of having children.Karen believes that having babies is a benefit, while Tim argues otherwise.Which of the following is an accurate statement that strengthens Karen's argument?

A) There has been a steep decline in postpartum depression cases in the country.
B) Child-rearing costs tend to be more in urban areas that in the rural areas.
C) The abortion rate in the country has decreased over the past decade.
D) Most American parents have been found to be overjoyed at the birth of their first baby.

Question 18

________ is the practice of sharing information and maintaining contact between biological and adoptive parents throughout the child's life.

A) Silent adoption
B) Assisted adoption
C) Open adoption
D) Surrogate adoption

Question 19

A similarity between teen mothers and women who give birth after the age of 40 is that they both are ________.

A) less likely to be married when compared to mothers between ages 22 and 34
B) more likely to be highly educated when compared to mothers between ages 22 and 34
C) more likely to have babies with birth defects when compared to mothers between ages 22 and 34
D) less likely to have trouble conceiving when compared to mothers between ages 22 and 34

Question 20

James and Marie are a couple that had mixed feelings before and after conception and even well into Marie's pregnancy.They decide to have the baby because James feels strongly about having a child.In this scenario, James and Marie are an example of ________.

A) planner couples
B) acceptance-of-fate couples
C) ambivalent couples
D) yes-no couples

Question 21

An infection of the uterus that spreads to the tubes as well as to the ovaries and surrounding tissues is called ________.

A) pelvic inflammatory disease
B) endometriosis
C) gonorrhea
D) chlamydia

Question 22

Mark believes that micro-level factors are primarily responsible for delayed or postponed parenthood.However, Carlos disagrees and is of the opinion that macro-level factors actually delay parenthood.Which of the following is an accurate statement that will strengthen Carlos's view?

A) Attitudes about the "ideal" family size have changed, resulting in less pressure to have more than two children.
B) Women who enjoy their jobs and need money to boost their household income are often reluctant to take on balancing child rearing and paid work.
C) Daunting jobs and careers make it more difficult to meet prospective.
D) Advances in reproductive technology have reduced many women's concerns about their biological clock and finding a mate.

Question 23

Which of the following can cause male infertility?

A) chlamydia
B) endometriosis
C) endocrine disorders
D) pelvic inflammatory disease

Question 24

During a debate about birthrates, Charlie is of the opinion that prenatal care affects birth rates.However, his colleague Randy disagrees and states that the receipt of prenatal care does not impact birth rates.Which of the following is an accurate statement that weakens Randy's argument?

A) Women who receive prenatal care during their third trimester are less likely to opt for future births.
B) Women who get prenatal care after the first trimester are more likely to have a second child within 18 months than those who get prenatal care early in pregnancy.
C) Women who receive prenatal care early in pregnancy are more likely to have at least two or more children.
D) Women in many African American societies are increasingly receiving more prenatal care during their second trimester and hence are less likely to have children for another 24 months.

Question 25

Ross believes that micro-level factors are typically responsible for delayed or postponed parenthood.However, Ryan disagrees and is of the opinion that macro-level factors typically contribute to postponed parenthood.Which of the following is an accurate statement that will strengthen Ryan's view?

A) Attitudes about the "ideal" family size have changed, resulting in less pressure to have more than two children.
B) Many single women don't want to conceive or adopt a child on their own.
C) The United States-especially compared with many European countries-has abysmal family leave policies, and rigid work schedules.
D) Women who enjoy their jobs and need money to boost their household income are often reluctant to take on balancing child rearing and paid work.

Question 26

Which of the following is true of infertility?

A) Men are more likely than women to be infertile.
B) Women are more likely than men to be infertile.
C) About one-fourth of infertility cases are diagnosed as having idiopathic infertility.
D) Infertility affects about 50 percent of all couples of reproductive age.

Question 27

How do African American women or teens differ from Latinas with regard to using contraceptives?

A) African American women have lesser percentage of unintended births than their Latina counterparts.
B) African American women between the ages of 15 to 44 are less likely to use contraceptives than their Latina counterparts.
C) Never married African American teens are less likely to have used contraceptives in their last sexual intercourse when compared to their Latina counterparts.
D) African American women living on low income are more likely to use contraceptives than Latinas living on high-income.

Question 28

Samantha, a pregnant wife, found that she was set to have septuplets.However, she feared that she would be unable to support all her children financially and decided to undergo an operation that would abort some fetuses.In this scenario, Samantha is undergoing a procedure known as ________.

A) egg freezing
B) artificial insemination
C) surrogacy
D) selective reduction

Question 29

Tyler was diagnosed with a bacterial STD known as the "silent epidemic." However, doctors concurred that a strong dosage of antibiotics would cure Tyler.Which of the following did Tyler most likely incur?

A) chlamydia
B) herpes
C) endometriosis
D) PID

Question 30

Which of the following is an example of assisted reproductive technology (ART)?

A) in vitro fertilization
B) chorionic villus sampling 
C) fertility drug use
D) amniocentesis

Question 31

Which of the following is a likely consequence of lower rates of contraceptive use among African American women?

A) The African American population has the lowest rates of abortion.
B) There has been an increase in the rates of unintended childbearing in the African American population.
C) The effect of marriage squeeze is found to be lowest in the African American population.
D) There has been an increase in the number of married couples in the African American population.

Question 32

Which of the following is true of in vitro fertilization?

A) It always requires a surrogate mother in order to be carried out.
B) It requires the surgical removal of eggs from a woman's ovaries.
C) It has very low rates for multiple births.
D) It involves storing unfertilized eggs for future use.

Question 33

)In which of the following diseases does the tissue that forms the lining of the uterus spread outside the womb and attach itself to other pelvic organs, such as the ovaries or the fallopian tubes?

A) endometriosis
B) chlamydia
C) HIV
D) herpes

Question 34

Which of the following is a macro-level factor that contributes to changing birthrates?

A) Postponing marriage decreases birthrates.
B) Economic recessions tend to decrease birthrates because of unemployment.
C) Social contexts such as education have a great effect on birthrates.
D) Birth spacing, or how often women have babies, also affects birthrates.

Question 35

________ is the prevention of pregnancy by behavioral, mechanical, or chemical means.

A) Pre-natalization
B) Fertilization
C) Contraception
D) Post-natalization

Question 36

Which of the following is a micro-level reason why people postpone childbearing?

A) the fear of being a single, working mom
B) the rise in divorce rates across all populations of the country
C) the difficulty in finding a suitable job to sustain a family
D) the lack of a national child care program

Question 37

Which of the following is an accurate statement concerning how micro-level factors lead to postponed parenthood?

A) Daunting jobs and careers make it more difficult to meet prospective mates.
B) A number of national studies show that the higher a woman's education level, the more likely she is to delay childbearing.
C) Many young adults are delaying marriage and having children because they have high college and credit card debts.
D) Disturbed by high divorce rates, some young couples delay parenthood until they feel confident that their marriage will work.

Question 38

Due to her husband's infertility, Lily had to opt for a medical procedure in which she was fertilized with a donor's sperm while she was ovulating.In this scenario, Lily is undergoing ________.

A) caesarean section
B) surrogacy
C) fertility drugging
D) artificial insemination

Question 39

Which of the following is true of unintended pregnancies?

A) Majority of pregnancies in the United States are unintended.
B) Repeated unintended childbearing has increased among black women.
C) The fathers of unintended pregnancies typically tend to be more engaged with their toddlers.
D) They are relatively rare among women between the ages of 20 and 29.

Question 40

In a ________ birth, the baby is less than 37 weeks compared with 39 to 41 weeks for a full-term birth.

A) surrogate
B) vaginal
C) caesarean
D) pre-term

Question 41

Nelly, an unmarried woman, found out that she was pregnant.However, she did not want go through with the pregnancy and decided to have an abortion.In this scenario, Nelly should go for a ________.

A) miscarriage
B) induced abortion
C) surrogate abortion
D) spontaneous abortion

Question 42

Laura, a student, plans to have children in the future.However, she does not plan to get married and prefers to be a single mom.In this scenario, Laura is considered to be ________.

A) reluctantly childless
B) temporarily childless
C) voluntarily childless
D) biologically childless

Question 43

A(n)________ refers to the developing organism up to the eighth week of pregnancy.

A) embryo
B) fetus
C) egg cell
D) zygote

Question 44

Brandon is against transracial adoption and states that the child's race should match that of the adoptive parent's.However, Bryan argues otherwise and states that the American society is open minded and accepting of such differences.Which of the following is an accurate statement that strengthens Bryan's claim?

A) Forty percent of adopted children in the United States are of a different race, ethnicity, or culture than their adoptive parent/parents.
B) Studies have shown that adopted children are more likely to be physically abused by their adoptive parents.
C) Adopted children comprise 50 percent of the U.S.child population.
D) The Multiethnic Placement Act (MEPA) requires that all transracial adoption be open adoptions.

Question 45

________ is an arrangement in which a woman carries and delivers a child for another person or couple.

A) Artificial insemination
B) Egg freezing
C) In Vitro fertilization
D) Surrogacy

Question 46

International adoptions increased steadily from 1998 to 2004 but then started dropping.Which of the following is a reason for this?

A) Host countries have curtailed international adoptions for cultural, political, and economic reasons.
B) More childless American couples are adopting within America as the adoption process has become less rigid.
C) The waiting period for adoption in the United States has been revised to less than that of most international countries.
D) American laws do not encourage childless couples to engage in intercountry adoption.

Question 47

Which of the following is true of the differences between open adoptions and semi-open adoptions?

A) Adoptive parents are safe from the interference or co-parenting by birth parents in open adoptions when compared to semi-open adoptions.
B) Adopted children are safe from unstable or emotionally disturbed birth parents in open adoptions when compared to semi-open adoptions.
C) Adoptive parents have a greater sense of control in semi-open adoptions when compared to open adoptions.
D) Adopted children are less likely to experience identity confusion in semi-open adoptions when compared to open adoptions.

Question 48

While Amber was pregnant with her fourth child, she feared that she would not be able to support all her children.Therefore, during her first trimester, she used medically approved pills to kill the fetus.In this scenario, Amber opted for a ________.

A) legal abortion
B) spontaneous abortion
C) selective reduction
D) silent miscarriage

Question 49

Semi-open adoptions differ from open adoptions in that in semi-open adoptions ________.

A) the child has no contact with the birth parent
B) communication between the adoptive and birth parents takes place only through a third party
C) adoptive parents don't have access to much medical information about the birth family
D) adoptive parents are safe from the interference or co-parenting by birth parents

Question 50

Milo believes that open adoptions are better than closed adoptions, and Rico believes that semi-open adoptions are better than closed adoptions.Which of the following point would they agree upon?

A) that birth parents should not be informed of who the adoptive parents are
B) that adoptive parents should not be allowed medical information about the birth family
C) that adoptive parents should be completely insulated from interference by the birth parents
D) that adopted children should not be deprived of information regarding their birth parents

Question 51

Trisha is planning to get an abortion.In order for her to obtain a safe physical abortion, she must opt for it during the ________.

A) third trimester
B) 18th week of pregnancy
C) first trimester
D) 24th week of pregnancy

Question 52

Closed adoption differs from semi-open adoption in that in a closed adoption ________.

A) the adopted child is co-parented by the adoptive parents and the birth parents
B) birth parents are allowed to develop a relationship with the child as she or he grows
C) the adopted child has no contact with the biological parents and little, if any, information about them
D) communication between the adoptee and the adoptive and biological parents takes place only through a third party

Question 53

The Rutherfords are planning to adopt a child, but they do not wish to expose the child to the birth parents, nor are they interested in co-parenting the child with the birth parents.Which of the following types of adoption practices would best suit the Rutherfords?

A) semi-open adoption
B) open adoption
C) mediated adoption
D) closed adoption

Question 54

In a(n)________ adoption, the records of the adoption are kept sealed, and the birth parents aren't involved in the adoptee's life.

A) mediated
B) open
C) closed
D) semi-open

Question 55

Which of the following is true of in vitro fertilization?

A) It typically results in overweight babies.
B) It is an extremely inexpensive method.
C) It is also known as artificial insemination.
D) It presents high chances of preterm births.

Question 56

A similarity between in vitro fertilization and using fertility drugs is that they both ________.

A) involve removing eggs from a woman's ovaries, fertilizing them in a petri dish
B) help identify any possible genetic disease that fetus may be carrying
C) require a third-person to act as surrogate to the pregnancy
D) are more likely to produce preterm, multiple births

Question 57

After many failed attempts to conceive naturally, Victoria is thinking about taking fertility drugs in order to boost her chances of getting pregnant.Which of the following is an accurate statement that will support Victoria's idea of taking fertility drugs?

A) Fertility drugs have a success rate of 50 to 70 percent.
B) Fertility drugs are known to produce multiple births for its takers.
C) Fertility drugs increase the chances of preterm births.
D) Fertility drugs have been found to cause no side effects on babies.

Question 58

Jenny underwent a surgical procedure during the twentieth week of her pregnancy in which the doctors inserted a needle into her amniotic sac through her abdomen and withdrew some fluid.The fluid was then studied for any abnormalities such as signs of Down syndrome and spina bifida.In this scenario, Jenny underwent a procedure known as ________.

A) amniocentesis
B) artificial insemination
C) preimplantation genetic diagnosis
D) chorionic villus sampling

Question 59

Which of the following is an advantage of open adoptions?

A) Birth parents can maintain privacy while providing some information.
B) Adoptive parents are safe from the interference or co-parenting by birth parents.
C) Adopted children are safe from unstable or emotionally disturbed birth parents.
D) Adopted children are less likely to feel abandoned and can increase their circle of supportive adults.

Question 60

Tania, who is in her tenth week of pregnancy, is concerned about the fetus growing inside her.Having her first child at the age of 40, she is worried that the baby may suffer from Down syndrome.Which of the following prenatal test would best suit Tania if she plans to obtain such information?

A) pap smear test
B) in vitro fertilization
C) amniocentesis
D) chorionic villus sampling

Question 61

Robert's mother gave him up for adoption when he was an infant.However, his adoptive parents allowed her to visit regularly, and he had regular contact with her while he was growing up.Identify and briefly explain the type of adoption seen in this scenario.

Question 62

Women are temporarily childless if they plan to have children in the future.Briefly explain the terminology used to describe a woman who is biologically incapable of having children.

Question 63

Some social scientists believe that same-sex couples adopt children in order to be socially accepted as parents.However, critics to this theory maintain that both same-sex couples and heterosexual couples adopt for the same reasons.Provide an explanation that justifies the critics' view.

Question 64

Tina was given for adoption as a baby.Her adoptive parents were not informed of who the biological parents were.Tina, who knows she was adopted, is contemplating using social media networks to find out who her birth parents are.What kind of adoption is exemplified here and what are the effects of social media on such adoptions?

Question 65

Briefly describe a few benefits of becoming a parent.

Question 66

Briefly explain teen pregnancy and contraceptive usage in America.

Question 67

Briefly explain yes-no couples.

Question 68

Explain three macro-level factors that affect birthrates.

Question 69

Briefly explain preimplantation genetic diagnosis.

Question 70

Explain three micro-level factors that contribute to postponed marriages.