Deck 10: Dynamic Imaging: Fluoroscopy

Question 1

___________ imaging is accomplished with fluoroscopy as opposed to radiography.

A) Static
B) Still
C) Dynamic
D) Colorized

Answer 1

Dynamic

Question 2

If a 30/23/15 cm image intensifier is operated in the 23 cm mode, the fluoroscopic image will be magnified by a factor of:

A) 1.3
B) 1.5
C) 1.7
D) 2

Answer 2

1.3

Question 3

The __________________________ absorbs x-rays and emits light.

A) Input phosphor
B) Output phosphor
C) Photocathode
D) Accelerating anode

Answer 3

Input phosphor

Question 4

Which of the following most accurately shows the energy sequence during image-intensified fluoroscopy?

A) Light to x-rays to electrons to light
B) X-rays to light to electrons to light
C) X-rays to electrons to light
D) Electrons to light to electrons

Question 5

The __________________ absorbs electrons and emits light.

A) Input phosphor
B) Output phosphor
C) Photocathode
D) Accelerating anode

Question 6

Magnification of the fluoroscopic image results in improved:

A) Brightness
B) Spatial resolution
C) Contrast
D) Exposure

Question 7

The formula to determine the amount of magnification created when in magnification mode is:

A) MF = full size input phosphor / selected input phosphor
B) MF = full size input phosphor² / selected input phosphor²
C) MF = selected input phosphor / full size input phosphor
D) MF = selected input phosphor² / full size input phosphor²

Question 8

Distortion of the fluoroscopic image that appears as unequal magnification is:

A) Noise
B) Pincushion appearance
C) Vignetting
D) Magnification

Question 9

Typical fluoroscopic systems have spatial resolution capabilities in the range of:

A) 2 to 3 Lp/mm
B) 4 to 6 Lp/mm
C) 7 to 9 Lp/mm
D) 10 to 12 Lp/mm

Question 10

This part of the image intensifier absorbs light and produces electrons.

A) Input phosphor
B) Output phosphor
C) Photocathode
D) Electrostatic focusing lenses

Question 11

When operated in magnification mode, the electrostatic lenses have ________ of a negative charge.

A) Less
B) More
C) The same amount as usual
D) One half

Question 12

In reference to image intensification, the function that adjusts and maintains the overall image brightness and contrast during the fluoroscopic procedure is:

A) DQE
B) APR
C) ABC
D) AEC

Question 13

The gain related to the decrease in size from the input to the output phosphor is the:

A) Brightness gain
B) Flux
C) Minification gain
D) Conversion factor

Question 14

The formula for brightness gain is:

A) Brightness gain = minification gain - flux gain
B) Brightness gain = minification gain / flux gain
C) Brightness gain = minification gain $\times$ flux gain
D) None of the above

Question 15

The conversion factor is a(n)___________ term for brightness gain and is typically about __________ of the brightness gain value.

A) Older; 1%
B) Older; 10%
C) Newer; 1%
D) Newer; 10%

Question 16

In fluoroscopy, shape distortion is caused by:

A) Angling the tube
B) Angling the image intensifier
C) The curved shape of the photocathode
D) The position of the electrostatic focusing lenses

Question 17

A loss of brightness around the edge of the fluoroscopic image due to the curve of the photocathode is:

A) Noise
B) Pincushion appearance
C) Vignetting
D) Magnification

Question 18

The input phosphor is ______________ than the output phosphor.

A) Larger
B) Smaller
C) The same size as
D) Brighter

Question 19

This is measured in cd/m²/mR/s.

A) Brightness gain
B) Flux
C) Minification gain
D) Conversion factor

Question 20

A disadvantage of using magnification mode during fluoroscopy is:

A) The image has less resolution.
B) The image brightness is inconsistent.
C) The patient receives additional dose.
D) None of the above

Question 21

A typical high resolution monitor will have:

A) 825 lines
B) 1024 lines
C) 1872 lines
D) 2034 lines

Question 22

The purpose of a beam splitting mirror is to:

A) Be able to view the fluoroscopic image on more than one television
B) Reduce the intensity of the image from the output phosphor
C) Allow spot filming to be done during fluoroscopy
D) None of the above

Question 23

The recording device that "photographs" the image off of the output phosphor is the:

A) Cassette spot filming
B) Film cameras for spot filming
C) Videotape
D) None of the above

Question 24

The electron gun in the monitor moves in the same ___________ pattern as did the electron gun in the tube camera.

A) Sweep
B) Brush
C) Raster
D) Rooster

Question 25

Vidicon refers to a type of:

A) Television monitor
B) Camera tube
C) CCD
D) Fiber optics

Question 26

Typical television monitors have:

A) 300 lines
B) 450 lines
C) 525 lines
D) 875 lines

Question 27

This recording system uses 70 mm or 105 mm film.

A) Cassette spot filming
B) Film cameras for spot filming
C) Videotape
D) None of the above

Question 28

This recording system allows the film to be divided into two, four, or more images.

A) Cassette spot filming
B) Film cameras for spot filming
C) Videotape
D) None of the above

Question 29

Which of the following require the x-ray beam to be in radiographic mode?

A) Cassette spot filming
B) Film cameras for spot filming
C) Videotape
D) None of the above

Question 30

Early versions of digital fluoroscopy used the standard system and added:

A) A different camera
B) An ADC
C) Videotape
D) None of the above

Question 31

Increasing the mA is the way to correct a fluoroscopic image that has:

A) Noise
B) Pincushion appearance
C) Vignetting
D) Magnification

Question 32

In order to record the dynamic image you will need to use:

A) Cassette spot filming
B) Film cameras for spot filming
C) Videotape
D) None of the above

Question 33

The conventional or current method for viewing the fluoroscopic image is by:

A) Using a hand-held device
B) Looking directly at the output phosphor
C) Using a TV monitor
D) Using a mirror-optics system

Question 34

The fiberoptic bundle or optical lens system is used to:

A) Deliver the image from the camera to the television monitor
B) Record the fluoroscopic image
C) Link the output phosphor and camera or CCD
D) None of the above

Question 35

In terms of resolution, the weakest part of the fluoroscopic system is the:

A) Image intensifier
B) Television monitor
C) Camera tube
D) None of the above

Question 36

The CCD's electrical charge from the capacitors is sent to the:

A) Output phosphor
B) Television monitor
C) X-ray tube
D) Image intensifier

Question 37

When the electron beam in the camera travels back and forth across, from the top to bottom, it is moving in a ___________ pattern.

A) Sweep
B) Brush
C) Raster
D) Rooster

Question 38

Semiconductor capacitors are components of the:

A) Camera tube
B) CCD
C) Image intensifier
D) X-ray tube

Question 39

The image intensifier is capable of resolving about ___________, while the monitor can resolve about _______________.

A) 1 to 2 Lp/mm; 1 to 2 Lp/mm
B) 1 to 2 Lp/mm; 5 Lp/mm
C) 5 Lp/mm; 5 Lp/mm
D) 5 Lp/mm; 1 to 2 Lp/mm

Question 40

Each capacitor in a CCD represents a(n):

A) Line
B) Image
C) Pixel
D) Electric charge

Question 41

Fluoroscopic equipment should be inspected every:

A) Week
B) Month
C) 6 months
D) Year

Question 42

Which of the following produces an image with more noise?

A) Tube-type camera
B) CCD
C) There is no difference between the two.

Question 43

Which of the following requires more radiation to produce quality fluoroscopic images?

A) Conventional image intensifier
B) Flat-panel detector in place of image intensifier
C) There is no difference between the two.

Question 44

The newest fluoroscopy systems use a flat-panel detector:

A) To display the spot images during fluoroscopy
B) To record the overhead images following fluoroscopy
C) In place of the image intensifier
D) In addition to the image intensifier

Question 45

Which of the following has a rectangular field of view and a wider dynamic range?

A) Conventional image intensifier
B) Flat-panel detector in place of image intensifier
C) There is no difference between the two.

Question 46

Digital fluoroscopy is improved by using:

A) A vidicon camera
B) Videotape
C) A beam splitting mirror
D) A CCD

Question 47

Flat-panel detectors for fluoroscopic imaging can be the:

A) Amorphous silicon indirect capture type
B) Photostimulable phosphor plate type
C) Amorphous selenium direct capture type
D) A and C

Question 48

The analog to digital converter:

A) Makes the electrical signal understandable to the computer
B) Determines the contrast resolution of the system
C) Determines the image matrix
D) All of the above

Question 49

The radiographer may be responsible for the ________________ inspection of the fluoroscopic equipment for QC purposes.

A) Performance
B) Operational
C) A and B
D) None of the above

Question 50

Which of the following does not require any additional devices for spot filming during the fluoroscopic procedure?

A) Conventional image intensifier
B) Flat-panel detector in place of image intensifier
C) There is no difference between the two.

Question 51

Use of which of the following systems will result in less radiation dose to the patient?

A) Tube-type camera
B) CCD
C) There is no difference between the two.

Question 52

The x-ray beam used with a digital fluoroscopic unit uses ___________ mA and a ______________ beam.

A) Low; constant
B) High; constant
C) Low; pulsed
D) High; pulsed

Question 53

As compared to the tube-type camera, the CCD:

A) Is smaller
B) Is larger
C) Uses an electron gun to produce the video signal
D) B and C

Question 54

Which of the following is more light-sensitive?

A) Tube-type camera
B) CCD
C) There is no difference between the two.

Question 55

The SSD should be no less than ___________ for a fixed or stationary fluoro unit and no less than ____________ for a mobile fluoro unit.

A) 38 cm; 30 cm
B) 30 cm; 38 cm
C) 38 inches; 30 inches
D) 30 inches; 38 inches

Question 56

Inspecting the protective curtain, Bucky slot cover, and fluoroscopic timer are part of the:

A) Performance QC testing
B) Operational QC testing
C) A and B
D) None of the above

Question 57

Which of the following has the possibility of demonstrating veiling glare and pincushion distortion?

A) Conventional image intensifier
B) Flat-panel detector in place of image intensifier
C) There is no difference between the two.

Question 58

In comparison, the vidicon camera tube has ______________ spatial resolution, and the CCD requires ________________ radiation to produce a good fluoroscopic image.

A) Less; more
B) Less; less
C) Better; more
D) Better; less

Question 59

Which of the following has more spatial distortion?

A) Tube-type camera
B) CCD
C) There is no difference between the two.

Question 60

Which of the following is easier to move around and allows better access to the patient during a procedure?

A) Conventional image intensifier
B) Flat-panel detector in place of image intensifier
C) There is no difference between the two.

Question 61

The beam splitting mirror is never used with fiber optics.

Question 62

The purpose of a camera tube or CCD is to record the fluoroscopic image.

Question 63

The electron gun in the television monitor sends out a steady stream of electrons to activate the fluorescent screen.

Question 64

When using magnification mode, the fluoroscopist needs to manually set the exposure factors higher to compensate for the reduced diameter input phosphor.

Question 65

Each electron that interacts with the output phosphor will result in significantly fewer light photons being produced in comparison to the number of light photons it took to release that electron.

Question 66

When a CCD is exposed to light, it generates and briefly stores light energy.

Question 67

The ABC can be slow in responding, seen as a brief delay in the brightness adjustment.