Deck 19: Reproductive System

Question 1

During spermatogenesis, which of the following cells is the first to become haploid?

A) primary spermatocyte
B) secondary spermatocyte
C) sperm cells
D) spermatid
E) spermatogonium

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Estrogen has a positive-feedback effect on GnRH and LH.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Arrange the following events in the proper order in which they occur during meiosis I. 1 = Separation of homologous chromosomes
2 = Synapsis
3 = Crossing-over
4 = Independent assortment

A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 1, 3, 2, 4
C) 2, 3, 1, 4
D) 2, 3, 4, 1
E) 2, 4, 3, 1

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The release of estrogen from the ovaries stimulates the release of GnRH from...

A) the ovaries.
B) the corpus luteum.
C) the anterior pituitary.
D) the hypothalamus.
E) the anterior pituitary and the hypothalamus.

Question 5

Germ-line cells are haploid but gametes are diploid.

Question 6

Which of the following hormones is released by the anterior pituitary as a part of that positive feedback loop between it and the ovary?

A) progesterone
B) luteinizing hormone
C) gonadotropin releasing hormone
D) estrogen
E) gonadotropin

Question 7

Spermatogenesis occurs in the

A) epididymis.
B) seminiferous tubules.
C) prostate gland.
D) vas deferens.
E) seminal vesicle.

Question 8

During spermatogenesis, spermatids differentiate into spermatozoa.

Question 9

Which of the following hormones is released by the corpus luteum after ovulation and causes a negative feedback loop with the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary?

A) progesterone
B) luteinizing hormone
C) gonadotropin releasing hormone
D) estrogen
E) gonadotropin

Question 10

Progesterone has a negative-feedback effect on GnRH and LH.

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence of cells in spermatogenesis?

A) spermatogonium -> primary spermatocyte -> secondary spermatocyte
B) spermatogonium -> secondary spermatocyte -> primary spermatocyte
C) primary spermatocyte -> secondary spermatocyte -> spermatogonium
D) primary spermatocyte -> spermatogonium -> secondary spermatocyte
E) none of these choices are correct

Question 12

Centromeres divide in

A) mitosis and meiosis I.
B) mitosis and meiosis II.
C) meiosis II only.
D) meiosis I and meiosis II.
E) mitosis, meiosis I and meiosis II.

Question 13

A positive feedback loop causes a self-amplifying cycle where a physiological change leads to even greater change in the same direction.

Question 14

Which of the following describes meiosis II in humans?

A) 4N -> 2N
B) 2N -> 2N
C) 2N -> 1N
D) 1N -> 2N
E) 1N -> 1N

Question 15

A negative feedback loop is a process in which the body senses a change, and activates mechanisms to reverse that change.

Question 16

Before ovulation, small amounts of estrogen are released by...

A) the ovaries.
B) the corpus luteum.
C) the anterior pituitary.
D) the hypothalamus.
E) the anterior pituitary and the hypothalamus.

Question 17

Which of the following ovarian hormones is involved in a positive feedback loop with the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary?

A) progesterone
B) luteinizing hormone
C) gonadotropin releasing hormone
D) estrogen
E) gonadotropin

Question 18

Meiosis II of spermatogenesis results in the formation of secondary spermatocytes.

Question 19

Independent assortment occurs in prophase I.

Question 20

After ovulation, progesterone is produced by...

A) the ovaries.
B) the corpus luteum.
C) the anterior pituitary.
D) the hypothalamus.
E) the anterior pituitary and the hypothalamus.

Question 21

Which function of the reproductive system is solely a function of the female reproductive system?

A) production of reproductive hormones
B) fertilization
C) production of gametes
D) development and nourishment of a new individual

Question 22

Which of the following is involved in ovulation?

A) primordial follicle
B) primary follicle
C) secondary follicle
D) mature follicle
E) corpus luteum

Question 23

Each spermatid...

A) divides by meiosis to produce four sperm cells.
B) divides by mitosis to produce four sperm cells.
C) divides by meiosis to produce two sperm cells.
D) divides by mitosis to produce two sperm cells.
E) differentiates into a sperm cell.

Question 24

Which of the following has an antrum?

A) primordial follicle
B) primary follicle
C) secondary follicle
D) mature follicle
E) corpus luteum

Question 25

Luteinizing hormone (LH) binds to interstitial (Leydig) cells and

A) inhibits Sertoli cells.
B) promotes sperm cell production by the Leydig cells.
C) decreases testosterone production by the Leydig cells.
D) stimulates GnRH levels to increase in the testes.
E) increases testosterone production by the Leydig cells.

Question 26

Trace the pathway of an egg as it passes through the uterine tube. (1) ampulla
(2) fimbriae
(3) infundibulum
(4) isthmus

A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 2, 4, 1, 3
C) 3, 4, 1, 2
D) 2, 3, 1, 4
E) 3, 1, 2, 4

Question 27

A primary spermatocytes...

A) divide by mitosis to produce two secondary spermatocytes.
B) divide by meiosis to produce two secondary spermatocytes.
C) divides by meiosis to produce four spermatids.
D) divides by meiosis to produce two spermatids.
E) divides by mitosis to produce two spermatids.

Question 28

The primary spermatocytes and the spermatogonia each contain 46 chromosomes.

Question 29

Which of the following events in the male sex act occurs last and results in ejaculation?

A) peristaltic contractions of the ductus deferens
B) contractions of skeletal muscle at the base of the penis
C) constriction of the internal sphincter of the urinary bladder
D) release of secretions from the seminal vesicles and the prostate gland
E) semen accumulates in the prostatic urethra

Question 30

The spermatids and the secondary spermatocytes each contain 23 chromosomes.

Question 31

Which of the following is produced in the ovary and then leaves the ovary?

A) testosterone
B) corpus luteum
C) secondary oocyte
D) FSH
E) menstrual blood

Question 32

A spermatogonium...

A) divides by mitosis to produce two spermatids.
B) divides by meiosis to produce four spermatids.
C) divides by meiosis to produce two primary spermatocytes.
D) divides by mitosis to produce two primary spermatocytes.
E) divides by mitosis to produce a spermatogonium and a primary spermatocytes.

Question 33

The interstitial cells or Leydig cells

A) produce sperm.
B) form the wall of the rete testis.
C) cover the testis with a white tunic.
D) secrete seminal fluid.
E) secrete testosterone.

Question 34

The ovary is attached to the superior margin of the uterus by the

A) mesovarium.
B) broad ligament.
C) ovarian ligament.
D) suspensory ligament.
E) round ligament.

Question 35

Which of the following cell types is formed at the end of the first meiotic division?

A) spermatid
B) spermatogonia
C) primary spermatocyte
D) secondary spermatocyte
E) spermatozoa

Question 36

Arrange the following structures in the order sperm would pass through them from the seminiferous tubules to the urethra. (1) ductus deferens (vas deferens)
(2) efferent ductules
(3) epididymis
(4) ejaculatory duct
(5) rete testis

A) 5, 3, 2, 1, 4
B) 3, 2, 4, 1, 5
C) 3, 4, 2, 1, 5
D) 5, 2, 4, 3, 1
E) 5, 2, 3, 1, 4

Question 37

When a primary follicle enlarges, and there are several layers of granulosa cells, it is called a...

A) primordial follicle.
B) primary follicle.
C) secondary follicle.
D) mature follicle.
E) corpus luteum.

Question 38

At full maturity, an oocyte is located in the corona radiata.

Question 39

During ovulation, the oocyte is surrounded by some of the cells of the corona radiata called the cumulus mass.

Question 40

The major factor controlling the onset of puberty in males is

A) a decrease in GnRH levels.
B) the production of testosterone by the testes.
C) the ability of the pituitary to secrete FSH and LH.
D) the hypothalamus becoming less sensitive to the inhibitory effects of androgens.
E) None of these choices is correct.

Question 41

Which of the following events happens after ovulation?

A) Progesterone production by follicles declines.
B) A negative feedback effect on GnRH.
C) LH and FSH levels continue to increase.
D) GnRH receptors upregulate.
E) A positive feedback effect on GnRH.

Question 42

Which of the following glands is correctly matched with its function?

A) seminal vesicles - provide nutrients for sperm
B) prostate - lubricates the penis during intercourse
C) bulbourethral glands - produce a thin, sweet fluid
D) testes - produce most of the semen
E) prostate - contributes most of the fluid

Question 43

Chromosome duplication occurs prior to both mitosis and meiosis.

Question 44

Check all that occur during the female sex act.

A)The labia become smaller
B) Steroids such as progesterone are converted to androgens
C) Mucus-like fluid is secreted into the vagina
D) Motor action potentials are conducted from the spinal cord to the reproductive organs by both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers

Question 45

Failure of the testes to descend into the scrotal sac is called

A) inguinal hernia.
B) cryptorchidism.
C) testicular torsion.
D) epidymitis.
E) hypogonadism.

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT an age-related change of the female reproductive system?

A) dryness of the vagina
B) decreased estrogen and progesterone production
C) cessation of the menses
D) decreased incidence of breast cancer

Question 47

A pap smear is a diagnostic test to determine if a woman has cancer of the

A) vagina.
B) breast.
C) cervix.
D) ovary.
E) uterine tube.

Question 48

During the female sex act,

A) the clitoris becomes engorged with blood.
B) vaginal mucoid secretions are reduced.
C) vaginal, uterine, and perineal muscles relax.
D) an orgasm always occurs to insure fertilization.
E) an orgasm always occurs.

Question 49

The bulk of the uterine wall is composed of

A) loose connective tissue.
B) dense connective tissue.
C) simple columnar epithelium.
D) smooth muscle.
E) seous tissue.

Question 50

The midlife change in estrogen and progesterone is called ___________, whereas the cessation of menstruation is called ______________.

A) climacteric; menopause
B) menopause; climacteric
C) menopause; atresia
D) atresia; climacteric
E) climacteric; atresia

Question 51

All of the following are male secondary sex characteristics except

A) enlargement of the larynx.
B) enlargement of the genitalia.
C) increased growth and distribution of body hair.
D) skeletal muscle growth.
E) thickening of the skin.

Question 52

The number of cells produced by meiosis is ________ the number of cells produced by mitosis.

A) one-fourth
B) half
C) equal to
D) twice
E) four times

Question 53

Between 40% and 50% of infertile women suffer from endometriosis.

Question 54

The inner part of the ovary is composed of dense connective tissue and contains the ovarian follicles.
HAPS Learning

Question 55

Decreasing protate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in the blood may indicate a tumor of the prostate.

Question 56

Shortly after ovulation,

A) the granulosa cells become corpus luteum cells.
B) estrogen increases but progesterone decreases.
C) the level of LH rises even more than before ovulation.
D) GnRH receptors upregulate.
E) corpus luteum degenerates.

Question 57

The location of the testes and epididymides in the scrotum

A) allows more room for other organs in the abdominal cavity.
B) keeps these organs close to the penis.
C) provides a temperature that is suitable for normal sperm development.
D) keeps them isolated from the accessory glands of the system.
E) helps to protect them.