Deck 3: Cell Structures and Their Functions

Question 1

According to the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane,

A) protein molecules that perform important cellular functions float in a lipid bilayer.
B) there is a double protein layer in the plasma membrane.
C) there are fats floating in the protein layer.
D) carbohydrates function as membrane channels.
E) nonpolar ends of phospholipids are exposed to water inside and outside the cell.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following would occur if all cell membranes were no longer selectively permeable?

A) Action potentials would no longer be generated.
B) Cells would be isotonic to their environment.
C) You would be subject to a higher rate of illness and disease.
D) Cells would not be able to get and keep enough glucose to function.
E) All of these choices are plausible.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Phospholipid molecules

A) have a phosphate-containing end that is nonpolar.
B) have a fatty acid end that is polar.
C) are arranged in a double layer in the cell membrane.
D) are not found in the cell membrane.
E) have all of these characteristics.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Secretory vesicles pinch off from

A) the Golgi apparatus.
B) ribosomes.
C) lysosomes.
D) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E) the nucleus.

Question 5

__________, located within the cytoplasm of the cell, facilitate the movement of chromosomes during cell division.

A) secretory vessicles
B) centrioles
C) cilia
D) microvilli
E) flagella

Question 6

Membrane channels that limit the movement of ions across the membrane are called:

A) leak channels
B) gated channels
C) exocytosis
D) endocytosis
E) leak channels and gated channels

Question 7

Substances outside the cell membrane are called

A) intracellular substances.
B) extracellular substances.
C) intercellular substances.
D) Both extracellular material and intercellular material are correct names.
E) All of these are correct names.

Question 8

Which of these cells would most likely have the largest number of mitochondria?

A) bone cells
B) muscle cells
C) fat cells
D) blood cells
E) skin cells

Question 9

Moveable projections from the surface of cells found in abundance in the respiratory tract are

A) flagella.
B) cilia.
C) centrioles.
D) microvilli.
E) nucleoli.

Question 10

All of the following are protein components of the cytoskeleton EXCEPT:

A) microtubules
B) microfilaments
C) intermediate filaments
D) centrosomes
E) All of these are components of the cytoskeleton.

Question 11

Cell shrinkage is also called

A) crenation.
B) lysis.
C) cellular dissolution.
D) hydrostatic pressure.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 12

Which of the following organelles are incorrectly paired with their location within the cell?

A) nucleolus - within the nucleus
B) cilia - on the cell surface
C) golgi apparatus - on the cell surface
D) microtubules - within the cytoplasm
E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum - within the cytoplasm of the cell

Question 13

_____________ is an example of a molecule that can directly pass through the phospholipids bilayer of the plasma membrane.

A) Carbon dioxide
B) Potassium
C) Sodium
D) Glucose
E) Calcium

Question 14

Cell membranes are said to be selectively permeable because they

A) allow the free passage of some materials and restrict the passage of others.
B) allow the passage of materials in one direction but not the other.
C) permit the passage of most materials but not of water.
D) Cell membranes are NOT normally selectively permeable.

Question 15

____________ are a component of the cytoskeleton that help to provide support, assist in cell division and help to form cilia.

A) Microtubules
B) Microfilaments
C) Intermediate filaments
D) Centrosomes

Question 16

A cell that was producing large amounts of lipoproteins (proteins combined with lipids) for secretion from the cell would have large numbers of

A) lysosomes.
B) Golgi apparatus.
C) centrioles.
D) membrane transporters.
E) all of these structures.

Question 17

The nucleolus

A) is located in the cytoplasm.
B) is the location for production of large and small ribosomal subunits.
C) has its own distinct membrane.
D) is important for the formation of Golgi apparatus.
E) has all of these characteristics.

Question 18

A cell examined under the microscope shows large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum, many Golgi apparatuses, and many secretory vesicles. To which of the following tissues would this cell most likely belong?

A) bone
B) muscle
C) mammary gland
D) blood
E) fat

Question 19

Membrane channels that allow ions to constantly pass through are called:

A) leak channels
B) gated channels
C) exocytosis
D) endocytosis
E) leak channels and gated channels

Question 20

Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning the cell membrane?

A) Cholesterol within the membrane gives it added strength and flexibility.
B) Receptor molecules are embedded in the membrane for intercellular communication.
C) Carbohydrates bind to protein molecules thereby modifying the proteins function as a membrane channel.
D) Receptor molecules embedded in the membrane are involved in cellular recognition.
E) All of these statements are true of cell membranes.

Question 21

The usual means for getting very large molecules, like whole proteins, across the cell membrane is by

A) simple diffusion.
B) passive transport.
C) facilitated diffusion.
D) active transport.
E) endocytosis.

Question 22

Secondary active transport

A) involves the use of endocytosis.
B) involves the active transport of one substance to establish a concentration gradient thereby providing energy for the movement of a second substance.
C) involves the use of exocytosis.
D) involves the passive transport of one substance to establish a concentration gradient thereby providing energy for the movement of a second substance.
E) involves the facilitated transport of one substance which then 'pulls' along a second substance.

Question 23

A gene is a sequence of _____ providing a chemical set of instructions for making a ________.

A) nucleotides; lipid
B) nucleotides; protein
C) amino acids; protein
D) carbohydrates; polysaccharide
E) fatty acids; lipid

Question 24

The nucleic acid that is synthesized in the nucleus from a DNA template is

A) tRNA.
B) mRNA.
C) rRNA.
D) All of these are correct.

Question 25

Transcription

A) takes place in the nucleus of the cell.
B) occurs when double strands of DNA separate, and RNA nucleotides pair with DNA nucleotides.
C) produces mRNA.
D) determines the sequence of codons on a particular mRNA molecule.
E) All of these are true of transcription.

Question 26

Translation

A) requires three types of DNA.
B) requires the pairing of codons on tRNA with anticodons on mRNA.
C) involves copying RNA from DNA molecules.
D) involves formation of peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids.
E) All of these are true of translation.

Question 27

Carrier mediated transport mechanisms

A) exhibit specificity.
B) function to move large water soluble molecules.
C) function to move electrically charged ions.
D) include facilitated diffusion, active transport, and secondary active transport.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 28

The information in the nucleic acid, ____________, is carried in the multiple groups of three nucleotides called codons.

A) tRNA
B) mRNA
C) rRNA
D) All of these terms are acceptable.

Question 29

The sperm cell is able to move (is motile) because of its

A) numerous cilia.
B) microvilli.
C) flagellum.
D) numerous lysosomes.
E) active transport mechanism.

Question 30

Endocytosis

A) involves the formation of a vesicle by invagination of the cell membrane.
B) involves the movement of materials to the outside of the cell.
C) is the opposite of phagocytosis.
D) is a kind of passive transport.
E) involves the movement of materials to the outside of the cell and is the opposite of phagocytosis.

Question 31

Active transport

A) can move substances against their concentration gradient.
B) requires metabolic energy (ATPs).
C) may exchange one substance for another.
D) involves carrier molecules.
E) All of these are characteristics of active transport.

Question 32

Which of these molecules is correctly matched with its method of movement through the cell membrane?

A) lipid-soluble molecules - pass through membrane channels
B) small, water-soluble molecules (ions) - dissolve in double phospholipid layer
C) large, water-soluble molecules - transported by carrier-mediated processes
D) glucose and amino acid molecules - pass through membrane channels
E) All of these are correctly paired.

Question 33

______________ is a specific type of endocytosis that is responsible for bringing liquids and small particles into cells inside of small vesicles.

A) Phagocytosis
B) Pinocytosis
C) Receptor mediated endocytosis
D) Exocytosis
Learning

Question 34

Which of the following cell organelles is NOT correctly matched with its function?

A) nucleus - contains genes that determine the structure and function of each cell
B) lysosome - contains digestive enzymes
C) mitochondria - site of protein synthesis
D) Golgi apparatus - packages proteins in secretory vesicles
E) smooth ER - site of lipid synthesis

Question 35

The type of membrane transport that involves the ingestion of solid particles by vesicle formation is

A) simple diffusion.
B) exocytosis.
C) facilitated diffusion.
D) active transport.
E) endocytosis.

Question 36

The nucleic acid that combines with pre-existing protein to form ribosomal subunits is

A) tRNA.
B) mRNA.
C) rRNA.
D) All of these are true.

Question 37

In ______________, carrier molecules move a substance against (up) the concentration gradient.

A) simple diffusion
B) exocytosis
C) facilitated diffusion
D) active transport
E) endocytosis

Question 38

If all of the peroxisomes in a cell were suddenly removed, how would this affect its immediate activity and function?

A) The cell would no longer be able to break down glucose.
B) The cell would be unable to produce proteins.
C) The cell would be unable to perform transcription.
D) The cell would no longer be able to break down fatty acids, hydrogen peroxide, and amino acids.
E) The cell would no longer be able to break down proteins and nucleic acids.

Question 39

Given these events: 1) DNA transcribes mRNA.
2) tRNA pairs with mRNA.
3) mRNA passes from nucleus into cytoplasm.
4) Peptide bonds are formed.
The most correct sequence for the occurrence of these events in protein synthesis is

A) 1, 2, 3, 4
B) 1, 3, 2, 4
C) 1, 2, 4, 2
D) 1, 4, 3, 2
E) 4, 3, 1, 2

Question 40

A selective poison that blocked the function of the mitochondria was used on a group of cells. Which of the following processes would most likely be interrupted by the presence of this poison?

A) diffusion
B) osmosis
C) facilitated diffusion
D) active transport
E) all of these

Question 41

What term dealing with cancer means "spreading to a new site"?

A) benign
B) carcinoma
C) malignant
D) sarcoma
E) metastasis

Question 42

Which of the following statements concerning solutes and solvents is true?

A) The solvent is the predominant liquid or gas in a solution.
B) At equilibrium, all solute particles cease movement.
C) When oxygen is present in the blood, blood is the solute and oxygen is the solvent.
D) All solute particles move into or out of the cell by diffusion.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 43

The process called diffusion

A) is the tendency for solute molecules to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
B) is the product of random movement of all atoms, molecules, and ions in a solution.
C) always produces net movement of materials against the concentration gradient for that material.
D) is both the tendency for solute molecules to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration and is the product of random movement of all atoms, molecules, and ions in a solution are correct.
E) is both the tendency for solute molecules to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration and always produces net movement of materials against the concentration gradient for that material.

Question 44

Which of the following organelles are incorrectly paired with their location within the cell?

A) peroxisome - within the cytoplasm
B) microvilli - on the cell surface
C) golgi apparatus - within the cytoplasm
D) nucleolus - within the cytoplasm
E) rough endoplasmic reticulum - within the cytoplasm of the cell

Question 45

A dialysis membrane is selectively permeable, and substances smaller than proteins are able to pass through. The dialysis machine allows blood to flow past one side of the dialysis membrane and the dialysis fluid flows on the other side of the membrane. If you wanted to use a dialysis machine to remove only urea (a small molecule) from blood, what could you use for the dialysis fluid?

A) a solution that is isotonic and contains only protein
B) a solution that is isotonic and contains the same concentration of substances as blood, except for having no urea in it
C) distilled water
D) whole blood
E) hypertonic salt water

Question 46

A red blood cell placed in distilled water would be expected to

A) swell and lyse.
B) shrink and lyse.
C) swell and crenate.
D) shrink and crenate.

Question 47

In _____________ molecules show a net movement from greater to lesser concentration due to the random motion of the molecules.

A) simple diffusion
B) exocytosis
C) facilitated diffusion
D) active transport
E) endocytosis

Question 48

This diagram best shows a cell during _________ of mitosis.

A) anaphase
B) metaphase
C) prophase
D) telophase

Question 49

Which of the following statements concerning facilitated diffusion is correct?

A) Facilitated diffusion involves the use of ATP.
B) Facilitated diffusion involves carrier molecules in the plasma membrane.
C) Facilitated diffusion is used to exchange one substance for another.
D) Facilitated diffusion is one specific type of endocytosis.
E) Facilitated diffusion occurs during endocytosis.

Question 50

Apoptosis decreases the number of cells within various tissues of the body.

Question 51

This diagram best shows a cell during _________ of mitosis.

A) anaphase
B) metaphase
C) prophase
D) telophase

Question 52

The force required to prevent the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane is the

A) hydrostatic pressure.
B) diffusion pressure.
C) osmotic pressure.
D) membrane pressure.
E) selective pressure.

Question 53

When a cell prepares to divide:

A) the DNA is loosely coiled into chromatin and is visible when viewed with a microscope
B) the nucleoli appear and become larger
C) the DNA is tightly coiled into structures called ribosomes
D) the chromosomes become tightly coiled and are visible when viewed with a microscope
E) the nuclear envelope appears

Question 54

During the process of mitosis in humans,

A) centrioles are points of attachment between chromatids.
B) replication of DNA during interphase produces identical chromatids.
C) when centromeres separate, there are two identical sets of 23 chromosomes.
D) four daughter cells are produced from one original cell.
E) All of these events will occur.

Question 55

When placed in a ________ solution, a cell will exhibit a net loss of water. The specific process by which the water leaves the cell is called __________.

A) hypertonic; osmosis
B) hypertonic; facilitated transport
C) isotonic; exocytosis
D) hypotonic; osmosis
E) hypotonic; diffusion

Question 56

The type of membrane transport that uses carrier molecules to move substances with the concentration gradient for that substance is

A) simple diffusion.
B) exocytosis.
C) facilitated diffusion.
D) active transport.
E) endocytosis.

Question 57

This diagram best shows a cell during _________ of mitosis.

A) anaphase
B) metaphase
C) prophase
D) telophase

Question 58

Osmosis

A) involves the diffusion of solute particles.
B) can cause a cell to shrink when placed in a hypotonic solution.
C) occurs through a selectively permeable membrane.
D) can cause a cell to rupture when placed in a hypertonic solution.
E) can cause a cell to shrink when placed in a hypotonic solution and can cause a cell to rupture when placed in a hypertonic solution.

Question 59

In cotransport

A) no ATP is used.
B) the diffusing substance moves in the opposite direction as the transported substance.
C) the diffusing substance moves in the same direction as the transported substance.
D) the substance moves directly through the cell membrane without the aid of proteins.
E) None of these choices are accurate for cotransport.

Question 60

In humans

A) the diploid number of chromosomes is 46.
B) each body cell has 23 chromosomes.
C) each body cell has 2 pairs of sex chromosomes.
D) a male has two X chromosomes in each body cell.
E) each body cell has 46 autosomes.

Question 61

Our body cells perform several important functions including:

A) cell metabolism and energy use
B) reproduction and inheritance
C) communication
D) synthesis of molecules
E) all of these

Question 62

Peroxisomes break down unwanted matrials in the cell by using hydrogen peroxide.

Question 63

The __________ endoplasmic reticulum manufactures lipids and carbohydrates where as the __________ endoplasmic reticulum assists with the synthesis of proteins and send them to the Golgi apparatus.

A) smooth ; curved
B) rough; smooth
C) curved; smooth
D) smooth; rough