Deck 4: Genes, Evolution, and Behaviour

Question 1

Except for sex cells,all cells in the human body have 46 chromosomes.At conception,the 23 chromosomes from the egg and the 23 chromosomes from the sperm combine to create a new cell that has the normal 46 chromosomes.Because this new cell repeatedly duplicates to create the other cells that form the body,all cells except sex cells have the exact same genetic information.Therefore,children always get _________ of their genetic information from their biological mothers and ________ of their genetic information from their biological fathers.

A) 23 percent;46 percent
B) 50 percent;50 percent
C) 46 percent;54 percent
D) 23 percent;77 percent

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Scientific advances have enabled genetic researchers to manipulate or alter genes.When this technique is perfected,it could be used to prevent the development of diseases like sickle-cell anemia by keeping abnormal genes from carrying out their preprogrammed function.This scientific intervention is called a ___________________ procedure.

A) twist
B) DNA
C) knockout
D) protein

Answer 2

C

Question 3

As humankind evolved physically and socially,the brain had to evolve to manage problems related to these changes.The size of the brain increased,with the most significant growth occurring in areas that manage such processes as problem solving,creativity,and language.We can therefore say that the human brain was ______________ new environmental challenges.

A) transmitting
B) adapting to
C) storing
D) operationalizing

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Siblings Alisa and Erika were born at the same time but are very different both in terms of looks and personality.We can therefore assume they are ___________ twins.

A) monozygotic (identical)
B) dizygotic (fraternal)
C) sizygotic (sororitas)
D) sibzygotic (sibling)

Question 5

Dr.McCallum's class is learning about genes.He explains that not all of the information contained in our genes is used,either because the environment doesn't trigger certain tendencies or because another genetic tendency took precedence.The genetic information that is active in a particular person is expressed through observable characteristics.We call these characteristics

A) genotypes.
B) phenotypes.
C) alleles.
D) chromosomes.

Question 6

Personality theorists have identified five universal personality traits.Proponents of ____________ theory believe that these traits were useful to our ancestors.

A) sexual strategies
B) social structure
C) evolutionary personality
D) strategic pluralism

Question 7

Early women who had sex before securing a commitment were more likely to be left without a partner to help during the pregnancy and childrearing.Proponents of _____________ theory would argue that many modern women's tendency to insist on some indication of commitment before having sex is a direct,inherited,and adaptive result.

A) sexual strategies
B) social influence
C) evolutionary personality
D) strategic pluralism

Question 8

Psychologist David Buss studies the dating and mating behaviours of human beings.The facial features we associate with female beauty-big eyes,clear skin,full lips-are strongly correlated with health and fertility.Therefore,Buss says,early men who chose beautiful women who met these criteria were more likely to have healthy children and pass on this appreciation of beauty.Based on this information,we can say that Buss is a/an ____________________ psychologist.

A) monistic
B) behavioural
C) evolutionary
D) social

Question 9

Studies show that creative people have more problems with mood disorders than do people who are not creative.To determine whether this correlation has any genetic basis,researchers would need to

A) identify evolutionary personality traits.
B) conduct.behavioural genetics studies
C) demonstrate strategic pluralism.
D) prove genetic determinism.

Question 10

A mother alligator lays a clutch,or group,of eggs.When the babies hatch,one has a white hide,rather than the normal green.The white alligator grows normally and is as healthy as its siblings,but it's definitely easier to see against the green lake area in which the alligators live.What caused the white alligator's hide to be different from those of its siblings and parents?

A) Its genotype
B) Mutation
C) Adaptation
D) Natural selection

Question 11

Dr.McCallum's class is learning about genes.He explains that not all of the information contained in our genes is used,either because the environment doesn't trigger certain tendencies or because another genetic tendency took precedence.All of a person's genetic information,regardless of whether particular tendencies are expressed,is referred to as

A) genotypes.
B) phenotypes.
C) alleles.
D) chromosomes.

Question 12

Haji and Seb are identical twins who went to different adoptive families as infants.When they meet for a study at age 35,researchers find that Haji's measured IQ is 116 and Seb's is 97.Since they share the same genes and intelligence is highly heritable,how is this possible? Choose the best answer.

A) The brothers were probably given IQ tests by researchers who scored the tests differently.
B) IQ is not a valid indicator of ability,so people with similar intelligence often score very differently.
C) The environment affected where on the inherited reaction range each brother's IQ developed.
D) None of these.

Question 13

When teaching about evolutionary psychology,Dr.Karikomi notices that his students often make inaccurate assumptions about how adaptation and natural selection work.Which of the following is false about evolution?

A) Evolution is a conscious attempt on our genes' part to improve the species.
B) Certain tendencies (e.g. ,aggression,jealousy)are built into our genes;it's little use to try to fight them.
C) Each gene literally wants to be the one that is passed on to the progeny.
D) All of the statements are false.

Question 14

Researchers have determined that bipolar disorder is more heritable than a major depressive disorder.They found that the more closely related family members are to someone with bipolar disorder,the more likely they are to have bipolar disorder themselves.The correlation is not as strong with major depressive disorders.These types of researchers are referred to as

A) neurologists.
B) psychiatrists.
C) evolutionary psychologists.
D) behaviour geneticists.

Question 15

Liam's father has blue eyes,but Liam himself has brown eyes,like his mother.As an adult,Liam marries a woman with blue eyes,and now they are expecting their first baby.Is it possible for the child to be born with blue eyes?

A) Yes.Liam may carry the recessive gene for blue eyes.
B) Yes.When one parent has blue eyes and the other has brown,the child always has a 50 percent chance of getting the blue eyes.
C) No.As long as one parent has brown eyes the child will always have brown eyes.
D) No.Since Liam has brown eyes,he carries only genes for brown eyes.

Question 16

Carol's parents live in southern Florida,where anoles (small lizards)are common.Every time she visits,Carol removes more anoles from inside her parents' pool cage.There is no way for new anoles to get into the cage,so all the anoles there now are either the original interlopers or their offspring that have inherited the qualities that allowed the original anoles to escape capture.As a result,the anoles that are still inside the cage,including the babies,are very difficult to catch and remove.On a microcosmic level,the increasingly clever anoles in the pool cage are the result of

A) natural selection.
B) polygenic transmission.
C) evolutionary noise.
D) mutation.

Question 17

Tahki and Waneta are identical twins,but they were separated at birth and raised in different countries.When they meet as adults,they talk about all the ways in which they are the same,but also the ways in which they are different.Compared to identical twins who have been raised together,Tahki and Waneta probably

A) have more characteristics in common than most twins,because they didn't have to prove to anyone that they are different.
B) are as similar as identical twins who were raised in the same household.
C) have fewer characteristics in common than most twins,because their environments were different while they were growing up.
D) have the same percentage of similarities as nonidentical siblings.

Question 18

Every year,the dubious posthumous honour of the Darwin Award is bestowed on people who "improve the human gene pool by accidentally killing themselves in really stupid ways." In 2002,for example,a man used a chainsaw to open a grenade because he wanted to make firecrackers;instead,the grenade exploded.To which of Darwin's principles are the Darwin Awards in homage?

A) natural selection
B) adaptation
C) evolutionary noise
D) mutation

Question 19

Lydia's father has straight hair and her mother has curly hair.Lydia has a gene that dictates her own hair texture from her mother and an alternative form of the same gene from her father.Each of the pair of genes is called an

A) anomaly.
B) altar.
C) allele.
D) aenotype.

Question 20

Identical twins have 100 percent of their genes in common,though people who know them often emphasize their personality differences.Therefore,we can say that twins have the same _______________,but environmental influences may affect each twin's _________________.

A) heritability;DNA
B) phenotype;genotype
C) characteristics;DNA
D) genotype;phenotype

Question 21

Some people can roll their tongues into tubes and some can't.If a child inherits a rolling allele from one parent and a nonrolling allele from the other,she will be able to roll her tongue.The tongue-rolling allele must therefore be

A) recessive.
B) dominant.
C) polygenetic.
D) adaptive.

Question 22

Despite strides made by the feminist movement,women are more likely than men to leave a full-time career to take care of children.Because most modern stressors and challenges can be handled equally well by males and females,proponents of __________________ would argue that this is due not to genetics but to societal norms.

A) sexual strategies
B) social influence
C) evolutionary personality
D) strategic pluralism

Question 23

Research suggests that the environment accounts for only about 50 percent of the variation of the divorce rate.If the remaining 50 percent is affected by genes,we can say that.50 is the ___________ for the likelihood of divorce.

A) genotype
B) phenotype
C) heritability statistic
D) correlation

Question 24

The molecular structure that is responsible for influencing physical and psychological traits in one's offspring is called a

A) genotype.
B) phenotype.
C) gene.
D) phene.

Question 25

Evolutionary theory suggests that males are genetically more likely to be promiscuous than females.Some people use this as a flawed argument that men can't be expected to stay faithful.Those people are relying on the idea of

A) eugenics.
B) genetic determinism.
C) survival of the fittest.
D) strategic pluralism.

Question 26

Gillian and Illeana are in the same grade at the same school,but they participate in different extracurricular activities.Their classes are therefore part of ______________,while their extracurricular activities are part of _____________.

A) a pluralistic environment;an unshared environment
B) an ethological environment;an unshared environment
C) a shared environment;an ethological environment
D) a shared environment;an unshared environment

Question 27

Psychological disorders appear only if they're triggered by stressors in the environment,so inheriting the genetics for a particular disorder doesn't doom someone to have that disorder.Panic disorder runs in Allie's family,but because the environment never triggered it,she has no problems with it.We can say that panic disorder is part of Allie's

A) genotype.
B) phenotype.
C) eugenics.
D) strategic pluralism.

Question 28

Some people can roll their tongues into tubes and some can't.Tongue-rolling ability and inability to tongue roll are two versions of the same gene.Each version is called

A) a genotype.
B) a phenotype.
C) a reaction range.
D) an allele.

Question 29

Researchers are interested in how heritable intelligence is.Aamina agrees to participate in a study in which her IQ is compared to both her adoptive and her biological parents' IQs.She is participating in a(n)___________ study.

A) twin
B) correlational
C) heritability
D) adoption

Question 30

Though schizophrenia has a strong genetic basis,there is no schizophrenia gene.The disorder must therefore be passed from parent to child via

A) polygenic transmission.
B) behaviour genetics.
C) natural selection.
D) evolutionary personality theory.

Question 31

You have applied for your dream job in Vancouver.The company has decided to hire you,but first you must come in to complete some paperwork,and to meet with the company doctor to complete a physical exam.You are young and healthy and eager to begin your new job.However,once the tests are complete,they call to say they cannot hire you because your blood work indicates you are predisposed to develop a disabling disorder.You speak to a lawyer who tells you that:

A) you have experienced a legal act of genetic discrimination
B) the employer has committed an illegal act of genetic discrimination
C) all employers,no matter where they are located,have the right to screen potential workers for future disability
D) the only thing you can be certain of is that you will develop a disabling disorder in the future

Question 32

Peahens (female peacocks)are more attracted to peacocks with big,beautiful tails.The strength of this attraction suggests that something related to peacock plumage had

A) adaptive significance.
B) a reaction range.
C) genetic determinism.
D) None of these.

Question 33

Paolo tried to remove a broken light bulb from a socket with his bare hands,without turning off the circuit breaker.He had a shock and has been very careful with broken bulbs ever since.The tendency not to do something painful twice therefore has

A) adaptive significance.
B) a reaction range.
C) genetic determinism.
D) strategic pluralism.

Question 34

Evolutionary theory suggests that several personality traits are found in all humans,because they had adaptive functions.These traits are collectively referred to as the

A) Eight Factor Model.
B) 16 Personality Factors (16PF).
C) Five Factor Model.
D) Evolutionary Personality Theory.

Question 35

The Nazis' attempts to wipe out the Jewish people were rooted in the idea that Jews are somehow less fit human beings and that destroying them would remove them from the gene pool.The idea in question is called

A) eugenics.
B) genetic determinism.
C) survival of the fittest.
D) strategic pluralism.