Deck 11: Motivation and Emotion

Question 1

Ruth's personal trainer tells her not to walk so fast on the treadmill that walking becomes uncomfortable.Discomfort is her body's signal that she is not getting enough oxygen to burn fat.Instead,it begins to burn the simple sugars that are immediately available in her blood,called

A) glucose.
B) cholecystokinin (CCK).
C) leptin.
D) insulin.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Though Nadine is not overweight according to the Body Mass Index (BMI),she would like to be significantly thinner than she is.She successfully loses 15 pounds on a low-carb diet,but returns to her original weight as soon as she goes back to eating normally.A few months later,she begins a new job and gains eight pounds,but once she settles into a routine,she returns to her original weight.She believes her body is determined to keep her at her natural

A) metabolic utilization.
B) set point.
C) intrinsic motivation.
D) physiology.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Johann and Wilson work at the same company and have similar jobs.Johann volunteers for all sorts of projects and often stays late,because promotion is important to him.Wilson works the minimum number of hours required to stay employed,because making enough money to maintain his modest lifestyle is all that matters to him.Johann believes that the harder he works and the more time he commits to his job,the sooner he will be promoted.This is represented by the equation Motivation =

A) self-actualization X (times)instinct.
B) set point X (times)value theory.
C) progression X (times)regression.
D) expectancy X (times)incentive value.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

James eats when he is stressed,sad,or angry and as a result struggles with his weight.His physician suggests that because he is using food to fill an emotional hole,rather than a physiological need,he no longer knows how to pay attention to his body's messages saying that it is full.The hormone that should be decreasing his appetite and increasing his energy expenditure is called

A) glucose.
B) cholecystokinin (CCK).
C) leptin.
D) insulin.

Question 5

The Marquis de Sade was arrested in 1801 for writing explicit and violent pornography.He was declared insane in 1803 and transferred to Charenton asylum,where he was permitted to continue writing.The doctors hoped that writing would provide de Sade catharsis for his violent sexual fantasies.Modern research tells us that

A) the catharsis principle is supported: Sex offenders who are exposed to violent pornography experience a decrease in violent fantasies.
B) violent pornography increases one's satisfaction with a monogamous sexual partner.
C) pornography has no effects on those exposed to it.
D) violent pornography increases men's aggression toward women.

Question 6

Braden would like to lose weight,but because he is obese exercise is uncomfortable for him.He begins a diet he finds in a magazine and loses a substantial amount of weight in the first two weeks.After that he is unable to lose more until he decreases his food intake;two weeks later,he must again decrease how much he eats.Worse,he is tired all the time.What does Braden need to do to keep losing weight?

A) Stop eating completely and rely on weight-loss shakes until he reaches his goal weight.
B) Exercise to counteract his body's attempts to decrease his metabolism in response to the diet.
C) Find a surgeon who will remove his OB gene.
D) Eat more to increase his body's glucose use.

Question 7

Nalini is in France as an exchange student.While out for dinner with new friends she makes the "okay" gesture by touching her thumb and forefinger together and clearly offends Pierre,who is sitting across from her.Confused,Nalini asked what she had done wrong,and learned that this gesture is obscene in France.Nalini is horrified that her French classes never educated her on French

A) emotional appraisals.
B) upward comparisons.
C) instrumental behaviours.
D) cultural display rules.

Question 8

Nathara waited until she was in her 20s and married to have sex for the first time.When her 17-year-old daughter tells her she would like to begin taking the pill,Nathara wonders why teenagers feel the need to have sex so early.Some research tells her that the change can be attributed to

A) increase in female intelligence and education.
B) changing social norms and the tendency to delay marriage.
C) the outcome of Roe vs.Wade.
D) increased cultural emphasis on relationship depth and sexually transmitted diseases.

Question 9

As a well-educated and highly esteemed businesswoman,Delores feels she has accomplished a great deal in her life.She decides that she would like to give back to the community,so she makes a sizable endowment to a local conservatory.She is also using her professional influence to draw the public's attention to the needs of children who have cancer.Abraham Maslow would probably say that Delores has reached the __________________ stage of his needs hierarchy.

A) esteem
B) cognitive
C) aesthetic
D) self-actualization

Question 10

Johann and Wilson work at the same company and have similar jobs.Johann volunteers for all sorts of projects and often stays late,because promotion is important to him.Wilson works the minimum number of hours required to stay employed,because making enough money to maintain his modest lifestyle is all that matters to him.The idea of promotion acts as an __________________ for Johann.

A) incentive
B) expectancy
C) instinct
D) aesthetic

Question 11

Lidia graduated from college ten years ago and is considering a career change.She is eager to find a position that challenges her and allows her to grow as a person.To learn about potential career paths,she signs up for classes at the local community college.Lidia's psychological needs are best explained by

A) self-determination theory.
B) the deficiency needs in Maslow's hierarchy.
C) set point theory.
D) expectancy X value theory.

Question 12

Lydia graduated from college ten years ago and is considering a career change.She is eager to find a position that challenges her and allows her to grow as a person.To learn about potential career paths,she signs up for classes at the local community college.Lydia's desire to explore and grow as a person reflects

A) autonomy motivation.
B) extrinsic motivation.
C) competence motivation.
D) homeostasis.

Question 13

Though nobody in his family has diabetes,Abel's physician told him that he does.She attributes his diabetes to obesity and explains that people who are overweight often have higher levels of ________________,the hormone that helps convert glucose into fat.

A) leptin
B) cholecystokinin (CCK)
C) glucose
D) insulin

Question 14

Physiological needs are said to _____________ us to act a certain way,whereas environmental stimuli ________________ us toward particular goals.

A) pull;push
B) push;pull
C) drive;coerce
D) coerce;drive

Question 15

Ruth recently started exercising with a personal trainer.The trainer tells her that weight-lifting sessions will build lean muscle and increase her body's calorie-burning efficiency,while cardio sessions burn fat.In other words,the trainer will help increase Ruth's

A) set point.
B) glucose.
C) cholecystokinin (CCK).
D) metabolism.

Question 16

Though Brenda has never been in a fight before,when someone tries to grab her while she walks to her car one evening,she fights back.Brenda's automatic attempt to protect herself is the result of her self-preservation

A) expectancy value.
B) set point.
C) instinct.
D) incentive.

Question 17

Zelig and Bertram are reading the same book.Because Zelig is reading it for a class,he is expected to finish it by a certain date and write a paper on what he learned.Bertram is reading the book for fun.Zelig is _______________ motivated to read the book,while Bertram is _________________ motivated to read it.

A) intrinsically;extrinsically
B) extrinsically;intrinsically
C) intrinsically;not being
D) not being;extrinsically

Question 18

Brooke and Kasia work out at the same gym.Brooke works out because she enjoys feeling strong and fit,but Kasia does so only because she is trying to lose weight.Brooke is _______________ motivated to work out,while Kasia is ___________________ motivated.

A) intrinsically;extrinsically
B) extrinsically;intrinsically
C) intrinsically;not being
D) not being;extrinsically

Question 19

Braden would like to lose weight,but because he is obese exercise is uncomfortable for him.He begins a diet he finds in a magazine and loses a substantial amount of weight in the first two weeks.After that he is unable to lose more until he decreases his food intake;two weeks later,he must again decrease how much he eats.Worse,he is tired all the time.Why is Braden having trouble?

A) Dieting slows the metabolism,because the body responds to food deprivation with decreased energy expenditure.
B) Braden's insulin levels are dropping,so his body can no longer convert glucose into fat.
C) Braden's body is not producing enough cholecystokinin (CCK)at the same time it is exponentially increasing leptin secretion.
D) Because he is obese Braden does not have a set point,and his body is responding to his attempts to lose weight by trying to find one.

Question 20

Theorist Walter Cannon would say that thirst is the way Liang's body tells him he needs to do something to restore physiological equilibrium,which is also called

A) instinct.
B) metabolism.
C) homeostasis.
D) self-actualization.

Question 21

Tesia is considering entering an MBA program.She believes that this degree would help her advance her career so she can make more money in the long run.However,she has always struggled with school and the idea of returning to the classroom does not appeal to her.Tesia is facing an

A) action-avoidance conflict.
B) approach-avoidance conflict.
C) avoidance-avoidance conflict.
D) approach-approach conflict.

Question 22

At age 20,Gilmer has had more male sexual partners than female and is attracted to men more often than women.When asked,however,he identifies himself as being straight (heterosexual).Is Gilmer straight (heterosexual)or gay (homosexual)?

A) Gilmer is gay because even one encounter with someone of the same sex is indicative of homosexuality.
B) Gilmer is straight because one's self-identity as gay,straight,or bisexual is always the best indicator of sexual orientation.
C) Gilmer would be considered gay or bisexual by many people,since he is sexually and emotionally attracted to men.
D) We would need information about Gilmer's upbringing to answer this question.

Question 23

Enzo takes Vendela to see a horror movie on their first date.He knows that people who feel strong emotions rely on situational cues to label the emotion.He hopes that the film will increase the activity in Vendela's nervous system and that she will interpret the arousal as attraction to him.Enzo is relying on the

A) two-factor theory of emotion.
B) upward comparison.
C) facial feedback hypothesis.
D) Cannon-Bard theory.

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT one of the cues that can trigger the release of insulin leading to an increase in hunger?

A) Sounds
B) Smells
C) Sights
D) All of these can trigger hunger

Question 25

Steve's friend invited him out for a gourmet dinner.Steve was really looking forward to it because he was very hungry.Once there he stuffed himself.It is likely that Steve's levels of _________ were _________ before he ate,and _________ after he finished dinner.

A) Ghrelin;high;lower
B) Ghrelin;low;higher
C) CCK;high;lower
D) CCK;high;higher

Question 26

At age 20,Gilmer has had more male sexual partners than female and is attracted to men more often than women.When asked,however,he identifies himself as being as straight (heterosexual).Gilmer would answer affirmatively to two of the three proposed dimensions of sexual orientation.Which of the three proposed dimensions does he not answer affirmatively?

A) self-identity.
B) sexual attraction.
C) sexual history.
D) gender conformity.

Question 27

Tom is interested in working for an intelligence branch of the government,and a polygraph test is part of the interview process.Though Tom intends to be honest,he is worried that the polygraph will say he is lying when he isn't.Tom's friend Cameron assures Tom that polygraph tests are infallible.Is he right?

A) Yes.Polygraphs pick up certain physiological responses associated with lying,and there's no way to change or hide those responses.
B) Yes.Though much of the research has not been made public,many government agencies rely on polygraphs,and they would not do so if the tests were fallible.
C) No.Anxiety may cause false positives and people can be coached to "beat" polygraphs.
D) No.Polygraph machines are just props and the person watching for cues that the subject is lying,may make errors.

Question 28

Though Antero didn't really want to go to college,his parents insisted on it.His goal now is to outperform others with only as much effort as it takes,which reflects a __________________ orientation.

A) mastery-approach
B) mastery-avoidance
C) performance-approach
D) performance-avoidance

Question 29

Glaucia has always had trouble in school,and she often has panic attacks as exams approach.She doesn't like going to class and resents that she has to have a degree to enter the career that interests her.She sees herself as struggling to keep her head above water and get by without being the worst student in the class.She is operating with a _______________ orientation.

A) mastery-approach
B) mastery-avoidance
C) performance-approach
D) performance-avoidance

Question 30

Ellen is a successful consultant.Part of the reason she has done so well is that she can accurately adapt to her clients' interpersonal styles.When others ask her secret,she says she relies on intuition.The part of the brain responsible for gut feelings is the

A) hypothalamus.
B) amygdala.
C) cerebral cortex.
D) cerebellum.

Question 31

Chaka and Zafira are at an amusement park.When Zafira sees the bumper cars,she tells Chaka that one of her treasured childhood memories is of riding in a bumper car with her father.Chaka does not want to ride the bumper cars,because when she was a child she put her hand outside the car and broke several fingers in a collision.Chaka and Zafira are reacting differently to the bumper cars because of

A) cultural appraisals.
B) instrumental reactions.
C) internal eliciting appraisals.
D) cognitive appraisals.

Question 32

Denzel is a high-need achiever,Tavon a low-need achiever.Though Denzel and Tavon do not know each other,they both are star athletes and earn comparable grades in school.In their last semester of high school they end up competing for an internship position.They have to go through a series of difficult interviews and are aware that everyone who has applied is qualified for the position.Of these two applicants,who is most likely to shine in the interviews?

A) Denzel,because high-need achievers are more persistent when they encounter barriers.
B) Denzel,because high-need achievers network far more than low-need achievers.
C) Tavon,because low-need achievers tend to be more relaxed in interviews.
D) Tavon,because low-need achievers tend to have better social skills.

Question 33

Gary doesn't want to sit at home Friday night and has been invited out by two different people.Tyrell wants to go see a movie that doesn't interest Gary,and Kalman wants to go to dinner with a group that includes someone Gary doesn't like.Gary is now facing an evening home alone or an evening out doing something he'd rather not.He is struggling with an

A) action-avoidance conflict.
B) approach-avoidance conflict.
C) avoidance-avoidance conflict.
D) approach-approach conflict.

Question 34

Joel has been accepted to several graduate schools and has narrowed his choices to two.He prefers the climate of the state in which school A is located and the program has a record of placing its graduates in jobs with Fortune 1,000 companies.School B is in a large city with several famous cultural sights,and since the program's faculty members are well known,apprenticing with them may improve Joel's job opportunities.Joel is struggling with an

A) avoidance-approach conflict.
B) approach-avoidance conflict.
C) avoidance-avoidance conflict.
D) approach-approach conflict.

Question 35

Whenever Dennis feels down,he reminisces about visiting his grandparents' farm when he was a child.Since the memory is so pleasant that it triggers a strong emotional response,we can say it is an

A) external eliciting stimuli.
B) internal eliciting stimuli.
C) expressive behaviour.
D) instrumental behaviour.

Question 36

Phaedra's gym is filled with widescreen televisions.Though she doesn't care for reality shows in which participants are required to do or eat disgusting things,when she sees them while she's on the treadmill she feels so sick she has to get off the treadmill.Why is Phaedra affected so much more at the gym than in other settings?

A) Her exercise is increasing her nervous system arousal,which increases the intensity of Phaedra's emotional experience of the show.
B) Nausea is common when the body is not in homeostasis.
C) The presence of other people increases the intensity of emotion.
D) All of these.

Question 37

Tom is interested in working for an intelligence branch of the government,and a polygraph test is part of the interview process.Though Tom was honest,he was anxious throughout the test and failed it.This may have happened because polygraph tests are

A) extremely susceptible to human error.
B) only slightly more accurate than a chance guess about the person's honesty.
C) fairly accurate in identifying people who are lying,but also often suggest that people who are telling the truth are being dishonest.
D) designed to make everyone look guilty.

Question 38

Terry has to complete one more required class to be admitted to his desired major.Since he needs only a passing grade,he decides not to study very hard and often skips the class.Because he has defined success in this situation as a passing grade and a passing grade is an acceptable achievement for admission to his major,we can say that his behaviour is best explained by

A) achievement goal theory.
B) mastery orientation.
C) high-need achievement.
D) social comparison.