Deck 10: Intelligence

Question 1

Shamus grew up in an impoverished neighbourhood with a lot of crime and poor educational opportunities.Because everyone fought over the few available resources,sometimes the only way to stay alive was to fight or steal.Shamus wants to go to college so he can build a better life for himself.When he begins taking classes,he's stunned by how little in the way of "street smarts" his classmates have.They might get better grades than he does,he thinks,but they wouldn't survive a week in the environment in which he grew up.About what kind of intellectual competence is Shamus thinking?

A) analytical intelligence
B) creative intelligence
C) practical intelligence
D) metacomponents

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Dr.Tavorian is developing a new intelligence theory.He believes that intelligence consists of several different facets,but he doesn't know how many.He gives his subjects a variety of tests that measure different mental skills.To figure out which tests are tapping the same aspects of intelligence,he should use

A) the WAIS-III.
B) a positive matrix.
C) the g factor.
D) factor analysis.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

When Janine takes the personality test in the latest issue of Appeal magazine,her scores suggest that she is kind,generous,and caring.When she retakes the test later that week with several friends,her scores suggest she is self-centered,vain,and competitive.Janine's wildly different scores suggest a significant

A) test-retest reliability.
B) criterion validity.
C) amount of internal consistency.
D) lack of test-retest reliability.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Sinead has never been a particularly good student,but she has always been popular.She knows that she reads and responds accurately to others' emotions,and often tells people she has emotional intelligence.Alex,who prefers g theory,disagrees by presenting one of the most common arguments against emotional intelligence,saying that

A) it overlaps too much with Gardner's interpersonal intelligence.
B) the concept of intelligence is being stretched too far from its original focus of mental abilities.
C) there is no way to determine whether emotional intelligence is innate or learned,so the concept doesn't mesh well with the crystallized/fluid intelligences approach.
D) emotional intelligence is not an adaptive ability.

Question 5

Ted was bored by school,so his grades were poor throughout primary and secondary school.He eventually dropped out and started a business rebuilding classic cars with modern engines.Ted's business is very successful,and he loves what he does.Is Ted intelligent?

A) No.Good grades are the best indicator of intelligence.
B) Yes.People who are bored in school invariably have genius-level IQs.
C) No.Ted has not demonstrated an ability to acquire knowledge,reason effectively,and adapt to his environment.
D) Yes.Ted has demonstrated an ability to acquire knowledge,reason effectively,and adapt to his environment.

Question 6

Mairead often hikes or camps by herself,and she's able to navigate the wilderness based on cues like the position of the sun,the flow of water,and the behaviour of the local wildlife.Animals seem to instinctively like her,and everything she plants in her garden grows.Mairead probably has

A) emotional intelligence.
B) visuospatial intelligence.
C) bodily-kinesthetic intelligence.
D) naturalistic intelligence.

Question 7

Monica recently completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III)and was told that her IQ falls at the mean of the distribution of IQ scores.This means that

A) her score falls below the average for the test.
B) her IQ score is 100.
C) her IQ score is 50.
D) she answered half the questions on the exam incorrectly.

Question 8

Kahlil has never felt that he is particularly smart.He doesn't "get" things as quickly as other people do,and he has to work hard for his good grades.However,because he is determined to be the first in his family to complete college and land a good job,he is willing to put in the extra time and practice.When he graduates from college,he chooses a career that allows him to apply all of his carefully memorized facts and theories.In other words,Kahlil is relying on his

A) crystallized intelligence.
B) fluid intelligence.
C) emotional intelligence.
D) naturalistic intelligence.

Question 9

Nikki has just taken an IQ test and wants to know what exactly intelligence is.The person who tested her says he believes intelligence is one thing that cuts across virtually all tasks one completes.This core ability is

A) gainful loss (gl).
B) general mental age (gm).
C) mental giftedness (mg).
D) general intelligence (g).

Question 10

One theorist argues against a single g factor and suggests that we focus instead on the abilities that are most adaptive in the culture being observed,whether they are book smarts,musical smarts,or sports smarts.In other words,this concept of intelligence includes not only mental competencies but also adaptive abilities.This theory is called the

A) emotional intelligence theory.
B) triarchic theory of intelligence.
C) multiple intelligences theory.
D) three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities.

Question 11

Sean is fascinated by his classes on psychological assessment.He's curious about what sorts of information processing and cognitive processes make one "intelligent." He would probably like a class or career dealing with

A) cognitive-processes theories.
B) multiple intelligences theory.
C) psychometrics.
D) metacomponents.

Question 12

Alfred Binet was commissioned to develop the first true intelligence test.The test was intended to be used to

A) identify schoolchildren who would need remedial help as early as possible.
B) predict which soldiers would make the best officers in the military.
C) predict which children would grow up to be great artists,musicians,and writers.
D) help the Nazis promote their best soldiers.

Question 13

The first intelligence quotients were produced by comparing children's mental ages with the mental ages of their same-age peers.This means that if a seven-year-old child was performing as if she were a six-year-old,her IQ would be

A) about 86,below average.
B) about 100,average.
C) about 115,above average.
D) We can't determine based on this information.

Question 14

Tyrese tells you his brother recently took the WPPSI.Therefore,you know that his brother must be

A) in preschool or primary school.
B) a teenager.
C) a young adult.
D) developmentally disabled.

Question 15

Rasha has always been considered quick and clever by those around her.She is usually the first to see a solution when faced with a novel problem,and her ideas tend to be unusual and creative.Rasha probably has high

A) crystallized intelligence.
B) fluid intelligence.
C) emotional intelligence.
D) naturalistic intelligence.

Question 16

Martin is a very successful trial attorney.He rarely loses a case,because he is so good at convincing the jury to see them from his point of view.He is also active in his community and makes speeches to various groups to persuade them to support the causes in which he believes.His friends joke that he can charm anyone with his silver tongue and that he should run for political office.Martin probably has

A) linguistic intelligence.
B) logical-mathematical intelligence.
C) bodily-kinesthetic intelligence.
D) naturalistic intelligence.

Question 17

Sovann enjoys mathematics and statistical analyses so much that she has considered becoming a statistician.When she learns about psychological testing,however,she is intrigued by the idea of describing how people differ from one another using mathematical quantifications.Sovann might enjoy working in

A) a place where she can use a cognitive-processes approach.
B) multiple intelligences.
C) psychometrics.
D) metacomponents.

Question 18

Larry tells you his 10-year-old cousin recently completed the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV).Larry knows his cousin's score was 120,but he is not sure what this means.You should tell him that his cousin

A) scored lower than average for 10-year-olds.
B) answered 120 questions correctly on the test.
C) scored higher than average for 10-year-olds.
D) scored like an average 10-year-old.

Question 19

One cognitive-processing theorist suggests that researchers should examine not only the processes involved in intelligent behaviour but also the forms intelligence can take.The theory refers to people who emphasize framing problems and developing strategies as intelligent because they are adept at adaptive problem solving.This approach is called the

A) emotional intelligence theory.
B) triarchic theory of intelligence.
C) multiple intelligences theory.
D) three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities.

Question 20

Margaret took the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-III)and was told that she has an IQ of 90.Margaret is certain this proves that her teachers are grading her unfairly when they give her C's.Margaret's friend Latisha explained that an IQ of 90 is not the same as a grading of 90 percent.Instead,it means that Margaret's

A) score is actually at the 9^th percentile,which suggests that she is developmentally disabled.
B) score is actually above the 90^th percentile and her IQ is very high.
C) IQ test was invalid,since it is not possible to get a 90.
D) score falls below the mean and her IQ is slightly below average.

Question 21

Tatum is taking a class on intelligence,in which she learns that her generation is smarter than her parents' generation,who are smarter than their own parents.This progressive increase in intelligence scores is called the

A) Barnum effect.
B) Flynn effect.
C) criterion effect.
D) hindsight bias.

Question 22

India was adopted soon after she was born.Since she has been taking a class on intelligence,she wonders aloud if her IQ is more similar to her adoptive parents' or her birth parents'.You can tell her that she is most likely to have an IQ that is similar to

A) her adoptive parents'.
B) her birth parents'.
C) the score she would get if she split the difference between her biological and adoptive parents' IQs.
D) We can't determine based on this information.

Question 23

Though the top 1 percent of children may be classified as intellectually gifted,only a small percentage will attain true eminence later in life.The three interacting factors that are thought to produce eminence are

A) general intelligence and specific abilities in one's chosen area,the ability to develop and apply creative approaches and solutions,and motivation and dedication.
B) extraordinary interpersonal intelligence,a variety of skills that fall into the category of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence,and a commitment to linguistic excellence.
C) a marked eccentricity in appearance and thought,general intelligence,and unusual physical attractiveness.
D) fluid intelligence,physical beauty,and lots of money.

Question 24

Clark has been having trouble in school,so Dr.Hunter,the school psychologist,gives him a series of tests.When he has finished,Dr.Hunter tells Clark's parents that his IQ is average.He says that Clark probably just needs to study harder to improve his grades.Clark's parents are frustrated,because they have no more tools to help Clark than they had prior to testing.Rather than this traditional _____________ approach to testing,they probably would have preferred if a _____________ approach had been used,so Clark could have received guided feedback to help him improve his scores.

A) static;dynamic
B) dynamic;static
C) valid;reliable
D) Stanford-Binet;cultural

Question 25

Laoghaire and Ryu are research assistants in a developmental psychology laboratory.They are to watch several hours' worth of video footage and code the various interactions.Laoghaire codes tapes 1 to 25 while Ryu codes tapes 26 to 50.When they are finished,they switch tapes so that Laoghaire can code tapes 26 to 50 and Ryu can code tapes 1 to 25.Neither is allowed to see how the other is coding until all the tapes have been coded by both of them.If Laoghaire and Ryu code in a similar fashion,the coding measurement will have

A) interjudge reliability.
B) internal consistency.
C) content validity.
D) longevity.

Question 26

Dr.Stuart tells his students that academic success does not guarantee success in life.In fact,according to Sternberg's theory,there are three types of intelligence and schools tend to focus on the _______________ type and ignore the other two.

A) practical
B) analytical
C) crystallized
D) creative

Question 27

Identical twins raised in the same homes have IQs correlated at about.86.Identical twins raised apart have IQs correlated at about.75.Unrelated adopted children raised in the same home have IQs correlated at about.32.Based on this information and research on the heritability of intelligence,we can say that ___________________ of the population variability in intelligence can be attributed to the environment.

A) between a quarter and a third
B) half
C) most
D) very little

Question 28

In 1994,Herrnstein and Murray wrote a book called The Bell Curve,which stated that some ethnic groups are genetically inferior in terms of intelligence.They based this conclusion on the low average intelligence scores of particular groups.The book sparked considerable controversy and is still hotly debated.Those who argue that the book is racist and its conclusions false say that the differences among racial groups' IQ scores are due to

A) cultural biases on Caucasian-normed IQ tests like the Wechslers.
B) the variety of family environments among different racial groups.
C) different educational opportunities and ideas about what constitutes important adaptive skills among racial groups.
D) All of the choices.

Question 29

Clint recently began school and he is having trouble with reading,writing,memory,and mathematical computation.He isn't very good at reasoning,planning,and evaluating feedback from others,and he needs others to help him solve problems.His family has him tested for mental disabilities,and the school psychologist reports that Clint's IQ is 61.This means that Clint is

A) gifted,but not applying himself adequately.
B) struggling with a learning disability.If accommodations are made for the disability,his IQ will rise to around 100.
C) mildly cognitively challenged,developmentally disabled,or mentally retarded.
D) severely mentally retarded.

Question 30

Four friends with the same high IQs see each other at a 15-year class reunion.They are likely to still have a number of things in common,since intelligence is correlated with all of the following except

A) academic and job performance.
B) life longevity.
C) occupation prestige.
D) the number of children one has.

Question 31

If you chart the IQ scores of every living Canadian,the statistical distribution will look like a

A) normal distribution or bell curve,with most scores clustering around the middle.
B) bimodal distribution,with most scores falling at the higher and lower ends.
C) skewed distribution,with most scores falling at the higher end.
D) flat distribution,with an equal number of people having each level of intelligence.

Question 32

Clive is going on a good-will trip to an impoverished nation.While he is there he hopes to gather evidence that the country's educational system needs to be improved.He suggests that he and his fellow visitors give the local children the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV)to determine which educational areas need the most attention.What's wrong with his proposition?

A) The WISC focuses heavily on the cognitive skills and learning that are needed to succeed in Western educational and occupational settings.
B) The WISC cannot measure how successfully natives have adapted to the unique challenges in their culture.
C) The WISC doesn't measure skills like the ability to mix herbal remedies,construct sturdy shelters,or barter and trade for goods or services.
D) All of these.

Question 33

Siblings Jamison and Marina both graduated from an exclusive private high school.Marina works hard to complete her college degree and eventually wins a prestigious apprenticeship with a leading business guru.She later starts her own business and attains significant financial success.Jamison,by contrast,drops out of college after the first year and subsequently drifts from one odd job to the next,getting fired more often than not.When his sister offers to help him build a business that could partner with his own,he says he isn't interested in doing the work involved.Interestingly,Jamison has a higher IQ than Marina.Why is she more successful?

A) She kept herself motivated,chose areas that interested her,took advantage of opportunities she found,and worked hard to reach her goals.
B) Women usually have better opportunities in the corporate world than men.
C) She probably relied on her physical attributes to make up for intellectual deficits.
D) The firstborn are always significantly more successful than later-born children.

Question 34

Albert Einstein's brain was smaller than average,but some parts had extremely dense neural networks.One theory suggests that the ability to establish new neural networks increases processing speed and efficiency and therefore intellectual skills.In other words,individual differences in _______________________ may be key.

A) brain size
B) brain plasticity
C) the brain's production of serotonin
D) the occipital lobe's functioning

Question 35

Mr.Gannon tells his class that he is going to give them an intelligence test.The test,he says,is only a page long and will accurately tell him whether or not each student has a high IQ.When Moira receives her copy of the test,she sees that the questions include items like "Mr.Gannon is the best teacher I've ever had" and "I tell my parents what a good job Mr.Gannon does when he is teaching me." Clearly,Moira thinks,this test has little

A) internal consistency.
B) crystallized intelligence.
C) construct validity.
D) criterion-related validity.

Question 36

Jake has an MRI done to rule out the possibility that his migraines are being caused by abnormal growths.None appear,but the doctor tells Jake that he has an unusually large brain for a man his size and age.Jake brags to all his friends about his large brain,thinking that this is proof that he is highly intelligent.Unfortunately for Jake,the truth is that

A) Einstein's brain was smaller than average,which has led scientists to believe that the smaller one's brain is,the smarter he is likely to be.
B) brain size is correlated with intelligence only in women.
C) correlations between brain size and intelligence are weak,so brain efficiency is more important to the question of intelligence.
D) migraines are highly correlated with increased brain size;experts think these headaches may be due to the fact that the brain is squeezed too tightly into the skull.

Question 37

Spence just received his IQ report,and his Full-Scale IQ is 110.The tester tells him that his score must be considered in context;that is,his IQ is a comparison of his score to the scores of

A) people of all ages in Canada.
B) everyone in North America over the past 100 years.
C) the scores of people in all countries and of all ages.
D) all his peers (people who are about the same age).

Question 38

People with undiagnosed learning disabilities,or those who have not learned to accommodate,do not,by definition,perform as well on tests as their IQs suggest they should.Unfortunately,many people view achievement tests as if they were aptitude tests,and therefore assume that people with learning disabilities are less intelligent than they really are.This underestimation is called an

A) aptitude bias.
B) achievement bias.
C) ability bias.
D) outcome bias.