Deck 20: Population and Urbanization

Question 1

Of the three demographic variables, the migration rate affects the global population increases and decreases the most.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The norm of noninvolvement is more likely to apply to rural and suburban dwellers than city dwellers.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The second stage of the demographic transition is characterized by a population explosion due to higher birth rates and lower death rates.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The United States has a greater number of pull factors than it has push factors, which is why it is the nation with the highest immigration rate.

Question 5

The key to the origin of cities was the development of larger and more powerful militaries.

Question 6

Drought and warfare are the major causes of world starvation, not a lack of food.

Question 7

Although some experts claim immigrants drain the U.S. economy more than they contribute to it, others take the reverse view, concluding that immigrants produce more in labor and taxes than they cost.

Question 8

Mexico's age structure gives it a population momentum over other nations with a similar population because of its increased number of people in the childbearing age category.

Question 9

The Malthus Theorem states that population grows geometrically, while the food supply increases arithmetically.

Question 10

In the Least Industrialized Nations, the more children a woman bears, the more she is thought to have achieved the purpose for which she was born.

Question 11

In 1950, the only megacity in the world was New York City.

Question 12

A megalopolis is a large clustering of service facilities and residential areas near highway intersections that provide a sense of place to people who live, shop, and work there.

Question 13

In every country that industrializes, the birth rate increases.

Question 14

In light of recent studies demonstrating that the consumption of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) such as corn have produced life threatening tumors in nonhuman research subjects, the federal government has passed a law requiring all GMO products be identified as such on their labels.

Question 15

The four models of urban growth presented in your text offer a good representation of today's cities in Least Industrialized Nations.

Question 16

More people live in cities in the Least Industrialized Nations than in the Most Industrialized Nations.

Question 17

Demography is the study of health, disease, and medical care.

Question 18

At the time of the birth of Christ, the world's population began to increase at an accelerated rate.

Question 19

The Anti-Malthusians believe the Least Industrialized Nations of the world are in the third stage of the demographic transition.

Question 20

Urban renewal and enterprise zone projects have been largely successful in solving urban problems.

Question 21

What continent is suggested to have the greatest incidence of population shrinkage?

A) North America
B) South America
C) Oceania
D) Europe

Question 22

Some Anti-Malthusians predict that the world's population will peak at about 7 or 8 billion and then begin to grow smaller. They refer to this process as a demographic ________.

A) free fall
B) explosion
C) implosion
D) free climb

Question 23

What is the Malthus Theorem?

A) the belief that if people define situations as real, they are real in their consequences
B) the idea that population grows geometrically and the food supply only increases arithmetically
C) the belief that language influences culture
D) a three-stage explanation of how populations increase, stabilize, and then decrease

Question 24

According to the symbolic interactionist perspective, why do women in poor nations bear a large number of children?

A) Men control reproductive choices in the poor nations.
B) Women cannot afford to spend money on birth control.
C) Women are not educated on how to use birth control.
D) Large families are rewarded socially and economically.

Question 25

Who was the English economist who saw the surging growth of the world population as a sign of global doom?

A) Pitirim Sorokin
B) Thomas Malthus
C) Talcott Parsons
D) Charles Goring

Question 26

When a Least Industrialized Nation experiences political instability that threatens an entire region's balance of power, what action is the United Nations most likely to take?

A) It will sever all economic connections with the politically unstable nation.
B) It will give agriculture and birth control aid to the masses and sell guns to the elites.
C) It will ignore the situation because of the Marshall plan.
D) It will attempt to act as a mediator between the citizens of the affected nation and their government.

Question 27

With respect to fecundity, what is the maximum number of children women are capable of bearing?

A) 8
B) 15
C) 30
D) 45

Question 28

Which of the following conditions is a declining standard of living most likely to create in a country?

A) political instability
B) the growth of multinationals
C) citizen apathy
D) economic alienation

Question 29

What is demography?

A) the study of the size, composition, growth, and distribution of human populations
B) the study of the location, size, and influence of nations of the world
C) the study of the manufacture, distribution, and consumption of material goods
D) the study of the acquisition and exercise of power

Question 30

From the beginning of time, how long did it take the world's population to reach its first billion people?

A) at about the time of the birth of Christ
B) 1000 AD
C) 1800 AD
D) 1900 AD

Question 31

Since 1975, approximately how many years does it take for the world population to increase by 1 billion people?

A) 6
B) 12
C) 24
D) 48

Question 32

The process by which a country's population becomes smaller because its birth rate and net migration are too low to replace those who die and emigrate is called ________.

A) demographic free fall
B) population implosion
C) demographic decline
D) population shrinkage

Question 33

What is the most logical conclusion that can be reached regarding the debate about projected population trends in the future between the New Malthusians and the Anti-Malthusians?

A) Only the future will prove the accuracy of either projection.
B) The New Malthusians are correct in their prediction.
C) The Anti-Malthusians are correct in their prediction.
D) Neither the New Malthusians nor the Anti-Malthusians are correct.

Question 34

What term do demographers use to refer to the number of children an average woman bears?

A) crude birth rate
B) fecundity
C) maternity ratio
D) fertility rate

Question 35

In Least Industrialized Nations and among many traditional groups, women bear 20 to 22 children in their lifetime. This is near the maximum number of children that women are capable of bearing, which is referred to as ________.

A) the fertility rate
B) fecundity
C) the crude birth rate
D) morbidity

Question 36

The product that Spanish conquistadors found in the New World and took back to Europe that greatly affected the growth of the European population, especially among the lower classes, was ________.

A) gold
B) tobacco
C) the potato
D) the coca plant

Question 37

In the demographic transition theory, a "population explosion" traditionally occurs in the ________ stage.

A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth

Question 38

The world's average fertility rate is _______.

A) 10.3
B) 4.3
C) 18.5
D) 2.4

Question 39

What is a pattern of growth in which numbers double during approximately equal intervals, resulting in an acceleration of growth during the final stages?

A) demographic equation
B) demographic transition
C) exponential growth curve
D) implosion growth curve

Question 40

What variables are most often included on a population pyramid?

A) percentage of population by race, level of education
B) percentage of population by race, sex
C) percentage of population by race, age
D) percentage of population by sex, age

Question 41

The key to the origin of the cities was the development of more efficient agriculture. About 6,500 years ago, Bulgaria was home to the older town in Europe. It's 350 residents made their living __________ for trade.

A) fishing
B) producing salt
C) growing corn
D) domesticating livestock

Question 42

To qualify as a megacity, a city's population must exceed ________.

A) 1 million
B) 5 million
C) 10 million
D) 50 million

Question 43

A central city that is surrounded by smaller cities and suburbs is referred to as a(n) ________.

A) urban village
B) megalopolis
C) metropolis
D) suburbia

Question 44

Today, approximately what percentage of Americans live in cities?

A) 63 percent
B) 71 percent
C) 80 percent
D) 87 percent

Question 45

The concept of human ecology to describe the ways in which people adapt to their environment was developed by sociologist ________.

A) Robert Park
B) Joseph F. Cimini
C) Frank Taylor
D) William Beaver

Question 46

The nation believed to employ the practice of female infanticide most often is ________.

A) Mexico
B) China
C) Indonesia
D) Turkey

Question 47

What term describes clusters of buildings and services near the intersection of major highways where shopping malls, hotels, office parks, and apartment complexes are found?

A) vector communities
B) micropolises
C) sector villages
D) edge cities

Question 48

The model of urban growth that views the city as a series of somewhat circular zones occurring outward from its center is called the ________ model.

A) sector
B) multiple-nuclei
C) urban village
D) concentric zone

Question 49

A city of 10,000 to 50,000 residents that is not a suburb of another larger city and is often located "next to nowhere" is called a(n) ________.

A) micropolis
B) edge city
C) vector village
D) unincorporated city

Question 50

In 1950, the only megacities in the world were ________.

A) Tokyo and Peking
B) New York City and Tokyo
C) London and Los Angeles
D) Mexico City and New Delhi

Question 51

The primary factor that affects the growth rate of most countries today is the ________.

A) status of married couples in a country
B) dominant religious beliefs of the society
C) degree of political stability in a country
D) rate of industrialization in a country

Question 52

With a population of over 37 million, the largest city in the world today is ________.

A) Tokyo
B) New Delhi
C) Mexico City
D) Peking

Question 53

In a nation where every 1,000 women bear 2,100 children, what is the likelihood of that nation's change in population?

A) The nation will double its population in twelve years.
B) There will be zero population growth.
C) The nation will suffer a demographic free fall.
D) The nation will experience population inconsistency.

Question 54

Jim and Milly are one of ten couples who have decided to buy and restore an older house in a deteriorated urban neighborhood. Jim and Milly are part of a movement referred to as ________.

A) urban renovation
B) gentrification
C) urban networking
D) city upgrading

Question 55

Which of these nations is reported to have the lowest death rate?

A) Qatar
B) Afghanistan
C) United States
D) Sweden

Question 56

To determine a country's growth rate, what three variables would a demographer use?

A) race, sex, life expectancy
B) life span, life expectancy, migration
C) fertility, mortality, migration
D) race, fertility, life span

Question 57

What is infrastructure?

A) Unknown costs in money and resources needed to complete a project.
B) The ruling body of a society, especially in a non-democratic society.
C) The essential factors on which cities depend, such as rapid transportation and communications.
D) A condition of social inequality that pits the haves and have nots in the same general area.

Question 58

What was the key factor in the development of cities?

A) The development of more efficient agriculture.
B) The establishment of organized religion.
C) The rise of government dedicated to the needs of the people.
D) The origin of large scale warfare that required greater defense of the population.

Question 59

Which of the following is not a "pull" of urban life?

A) live concerts of rap and salsa music
B) an increase in crime
C) an Italian marketplace
D) an increase in work opportunities

Question 60

Which nation has adopted the "one couple, one child" policy?

A) China
B) India
C) Indonesia
D) Pakistan

Question 61

A form of the enterprise zone that combines tax breaks and low interest loans in redeveloping areas is called ________.

A) a Federal Empowerment Zone
B) a redline district
C) the urban renewal section
D) the reinvestment model

Question 62

The Gerad Company has decided to build their new factory in an area of the city that is considered a problem area. When they applied for a loan at the bank, they were refused. The refusal of this loan is an example of ________.

A) redlining
B) reinvestment
C) enterprise zoning
D) bureaucratic business

Question 63

What is demography?

Question 64

What was "The Great Migration?"

Question 65

According to sociologist William Julius Wilson, what organizational change in society transformed the inner cities into ghettos?

A) suburbanization
B) urbanization
C) deindustrialization
D) urban patterns

Question 66

Based on the conflict perspective, how have the Most Industrialized Nations responded to increased birth rates in the Least Industrialized Nations?

Question 67

Techniques that protect your "personal space," such as using a newspaper to shield yourself from others, is known as ________.

A) the diffusion of responsibility
B) alienation
C) the norm of noninvolvement
D) group polarization

Question 68

A situation where there are more bystanders, but a tendency for fewer bystanders to help in an emergency situation, is referred to as ________.

A) compartmentalization
B) diffusion of responsibility
C) regression
D) fight or flight syndrome

Question 69

What are the four stages of the demographic transition theory?

Question 70

What is the difference in population growth between the Least Industrialized Nations and the Most Industrialized Nations?

Question 71

What is the basic premise of the Malthus theorem?

Question 72

According to sociologist Herbert Gans, people experience the city differently. How did Gans suggest some people find a sense of community in the city?

A) They personalize their shopping and patronize the same establishments.
B) They paint graffiti on abandoned building using their "street" names.
C) They live in the more affluent areas of the city.
D) They adopt the particular culture of the area and call it their own.

Question 73

Approximately how long did it take the world population to reach 1 billion, then each successive billion after that to reach the 6 billion mark?

Question 74

What are the three demographic variables used to project the future growth or decline of populations?

Question 75

The process of one group of people displacing a group whose racial, ethnic, or social class characteristics differ from their own is called ________.

A) invasion-succession cycle
B) invasion-dispersion
C) acculturation-assimilation
D) acculturation-succession

Question 76

Based on Gans' typologies of city dwellers, what classification do the elderly, mentally ill, and drug addicts fall into?

A) ethnic villagers
B) cosmopolite
C) the trapped
D) deprived urbanite

Question 77

The city of Whispering Falls is trying to boost its economy by offering large corporations low taxes and economic assistance to locate in an industrial park within the city limits. Such a strategy is referred to as ________.

A) redlining
B) establishing an enterprise zone
C) gentrification
D) urban renewal

Question 78

What are the three reasons that support why bearing many children plays a central role in the lives of women from the Least Industrialized Nations?

Question 79

With Western nations producing enough food to feed the world's population, why are people starving?

Question 80

Since the food supply is arithmetic, how is it possible for there to be more food produced for each person in the world today than there was in 1950?