Deck 9: Global Stratification

Question 1

As the Internet provides new opportunities for social networking, those in power in China are attempting to maintain their control by blocking access to Facebook and Twitter in Internet cafes and search engines.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Indentured servitude is a gray area between contract labor and slavery.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

In contrast to most other stratification systems, Karl Marx's system had only two classes, each depending on the individual's relationship to the means of production.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Racism has traditionally been the cause of slavery.

Question 5

The maquiladoras are Mexican export plants that import components, manufacture a product, and then export the finished product to the United States, all without import or export taxes.

Question 6

Even though apartheid has been dismantled, white Europeans still dominate South Africa's social, political, and financial institutions.

Question 7

Because of apartheid, South Africa has become a democratic nation with power more evenly shared by all citizens.

Question 8

In the estate stratification system, members of the third estate are peasants, also called serfs.

Question 9

In a caste system, social stratification is based on ascribed status.

Question 10

Although it is expensive, coercion is the most effective means by which elites can maintain stratification of their societies.

Question 11

Melvin Tumin advanced the concept of merit as the primary factor in determining social class.

Question 12

The Least Industrialized Nations account for more than two-thirds of the world's population.

Question 13

In neocolonialism, "mother" nations establish military outposts within the controlled nation to protect their capital investments.

Question 14

The impetus for colonialism was the advent of the Industrial Revolution.

Question 15

Arnold Schwarzenegger's term as governor of California and Ronald Reagan's two terms as U.S. president are examples of prestige turning into power.

Question 16

The key to effectively maintaining social stratification involves the privileged class controlling ideas and information rather than depending on the use of force.

Question 17

The Most Industrialized Nations are almost equally distributed between the Northern and Southern hemispheres of the world.

Question 18

Gaetano Mosca emphasized that every society is stratified based on power.

Question 19

According to Karl Marx, false class consciousness is a condition in which the workers mistakenly believe they have the power to unite and overthrow the capitalists.

Question 20

The replacement of India's caste system with a social class system is an example of the strains in today's global stratification system.

Question 21

A system of beliefs that justifies a particular social arrangement, such as slavery, is called ________.

A) a constitution
B) class consciousness
C) a caste system
D) an ideology

Question 22

Where would someone encounter a stratification system that includes Europeans, Africans, Coloureds, and Asians?

A) Brazil
B) South Africa
C) Congo
D) Iran

Question 23

What is the basis of India's caste system?

A) race
B) religion
C) ethnicity
D) education

Question 24

In which of the following societies might slavery most likely exist?

A) the pastoral society
B) the agricultural society
C) the industrial society
D) the hunting and gathering society

Question 25

If a person were living during Karl Marx's lifetime and worked at the Smittertown ironworks, Marx would consider that person a member of the ________.

A) proletariat
B) lumpenproletariat
C) bourgeoisie
D) middle class

Question 26

A form of the caste system that, until recently, was legal in South Africa was called ________.

A) slavery
B) endogamy
C) apartheid
D) bonded labor

Question 27

In some societies, closely related members of the ruling class and the upper class marry to preserve their power and wealth within their families. This is a practice known as ________.

A) ritual pollution
B) apartheid
C) endogamy
D) indentured service

Question 28

At the steel plant, all minorities hired are assigned to work the battery pits, one of the dirtiest jobs in the mill. Even so, the battery pit workers wear this assignment as a badge of honor and have developed a close social bond that transcends the time they spend at the mill. How would Karl Marx describe their solidarity?

A) The workers are experiencing false class consciousness.
B) The workers are victims of social stratification.
C) The workers' sense of fairness has been influenced by primogeniture.
D) The workers share class consciousness.

Question 29

In every society, from the hunting and gathering society to the postindustrial society, the most common basis for social stratification has been ________.

A) race
B) income
C) education
D) gender

Question 30

In colonial America, immigrants were transported to the new world "on credit" by the captain of the ship, who then sold their services to wealthy colonists who paid their passage. In return, these immigrants worked for a specified period of time and were known as ________ or ________.

A) colonial slaves; domestic workers
B) jati; untouchables
C) indentured servants; bonded laborers
D) probationers; manservants

Question 31

India's caste system is slowly being replaced by a system marked by…

A) slavery
B) apartheid
C) social class
D) indentured service

Question 32

What is the significant difference between the class system and the systems of slavery, caste, and estate?

A) The class system is not based on religion.
B) The class system has fluid boundaries.
C) The class system works in democracies.
D) The class system existed before the other three.

Question 33

Raul is a member of the Kshatriya who recently engaged in an intimate act with a member of the Dalit. Raul has seen the error of his ways, however, and wants to make amends for his indiscretions. Which statement best explains Raul's next course of action?

A) Raul will commit become an indentured servant.
B) Raul will seek the forgiveness of twelve reputable men in his community.
C) Raul will sacrifice his most prized oxen or goats to the gods.
D) Raul will undergo ablution.

Question 34

What term would Karl Marx use for today's workers who mistakenly identify with the capitalists simply because they own a few shares of stock or work as managers of large corporations?

A) class improvisation
B) social solidarity
C) social bond
D) false class consciousness

Question 35

The division of large numbers of people into layers according to their relative power, property, and prestige is referred to as ________.

A) social stratification
B) social networking
C) the diversification of society
D) multiculturalism

Question 36

Which American sociologist described the years of American colonial slavery when he said that "gradually the entire white South became an armed camp to keep Negroes in slavery and to kill the black rebel"?

A) Benjamin Quarles
B) W. E. B. Du Bois
C) Booker T. Washington
D) George Washington Carver

Question 37

Bartholomew is a member of the second estate in Europe during the middle ages. In view of this, what is Bartholomew's most likely social location?

A) He is a general in the army.
B) He is the appointed ruler of Sherwood Forest.
C) He is a monk in the St. Thomas Aquinas parish.
D) He is a peasant working on a large plantation.

Question 38

In the estate system, the practice of the firstborn son inheriting all land owned by the father was called ________.

A) ablution
B) endogamy
C) primogeniture
D) bourgeoisie

Question 39

What were the three major causes of slavery prior to life in the American colonies?

A) gender, racism, and social class
B) debt, crime, and war
C) gender, politics, and ethnicity
D) racism, religion, and gender

Question 40

Which of the following characteristics is most associated with the class system?

A) class distinction for life based on ascription
B) enforced norms of endogamy
C) movement up and down the class ladder
D) ownership of one group of people by another

Question 41

The sociologist who believed that social class is made up of three components - property, power, and prestige - was ________.

A) Max Weber
B) Talcott Parsons
C) Karl Marx
D) Lewis Coser Jr.

Question 42

What did Karl Marx predict after workers were exploited year after year by the capitalist class?

A) The capitalist society would synthesize into a classless society.
B) A strong middle class would emerge.
C) Workers would abandon their jobs, unionize, and gain the power to negotiate.
D) Workers would revolt against the bourgeoisie and assume control.

Question 43

Which of the following nations fails to fit into the stratification typology of Most Industrialized Nations, Industrializing Nations, and Least Industrialized Nations?

A) Kuwait
B) Russia
C) Australia
D) South Africa

Question 44

What term did Lenin and Trotsky use to describe the intermediate step between the czarist society prior to the revolution and the ideal society they hoped to establish?

A) capitalism
B) communism
C) socialism
D) totalitarianism

Question 45

The ability to control others, even over their objections, is referred to as ________.

A) prestige
B) class
C) status
D) power

Question 46

One of the effective methods of control employed during the rule of monarchies was the divine right of kings. This was a method of maintaining stratification that falls under the general category of ________.

A) controlling ideas
B) controlling information
C) using technology
D) using superior force

Question 47

Chinese leaders putting tight controls on Internet cafes and search engines, blocking access to Facebook and Twitter is an example of which means elites use to maintain stratification?

A) stifling criticism
B) controlling ideas
C) controlling information
D) big brother technology

Question 48

Which of the following led to the discontinuation of the terms "First World," "Second World," and "Third World" to describe global stratification?

A) the Industrial Revolution
B) the end of World War II
C) the collapse of the Soviet Union.
D) the emergence of the postindustrial society.

Question 49

The Acme Corporation has adopted "Tiny Brothers" as a means of controlling employees. What is a "Tiny Brother"?

A) a corporate spy
B) a security camera
C) a security officer
D) a computer spyware program

Question 50

Great Britain was one of the first nations in which industrial capitalism developed. According to world system theory, Great Britain would be a ________ nation.

A) semi periphery
B) periphery
C) core
D) Most Industrialized

Question 51

According to Gaetano Mosca, every society is stratified by ________ to ensure that society's work gets done.

A) wealth
B) power
C) race
D) gender

Question 52

On what factor was the stratification system of the old Soviet Union based?

A) ownership of the means of production
B) elimination of all class distinctions
C) inherited wealth
D) political position within the Communist Party

Question 53

According to Melvin Tumin, which of the following high school seniors will most likely attend college?

A) the A- student from a decaying urban slum
B) the student who scored the mean on the college entrance exam
C) the C+ student from the upper class
D) the promising student in need of financial aid

Question 54

What was the purpose of colonialism as it was practiced by the major European powers during eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries?

A) to exploit the annexed nation's people and resources
B) to establish a protectorate to preserve the annexed nation's freedom
C) to form limited partnerships with the annexed nation
D) to establish a new nation-state

Question 55

Which two theorists concluded that the universality of stratification can be explained by the necessity to motivate the most qualified people to fill the most important and demanding positions in a society?

A) Karl Marx and Frederick Engels
B) Max Weber and Emile Durkheim
C) Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore
D) Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin

Question 56

Of the following technologies, which does the government have the greatest difficulty controlling?

A) Internet communications and e-mails
B) radio broadcasts
C) syndicated television news programs
D) books, magazines, and newspapers

Question 57

What is the primary way by which the British maintain their class system from one generation to the next?

A) religious doctrine
B) occupational placement
C) educational achievement
D) racial and ethnic background

Question 58

In his book, The Ruling Class, Gaetano Mosca offered three arguments regarding society and power. All of the following represent his arguments EXCEPT for which one?

A) No society can exist unless it is organized.
B) Leadership means an inequality of power.
C) Human nature is self-centered.
D) Man is naturally good.

Question 59

In Great Britain, what percentage of the population makes up the elite upper class?

A) 1 percent
B) 4 percent
C) 11 percent
D) 18 percent

Question 60

Based on the global stratification model, nations of the former Soviet Union and its former satellites in Eastern Europe are classified as ________.

A) the Most Industrialized Nations
B) the Industrializing Nations
C) the Third World Nations
D) the Least Industrialized Nations

Question 61

Why did a caste-like system exist in America following the Civil War, especially in the South?

Question 62

What single factor controlled one's social class, according to Karl Marx?

Question 63

Some nations have traditionally been in poverty from one generation to the next, relying on tradition rather than experimenting with new technology that might improve their standard of living. This explanation for global stratification is called ________.

A) culture of poverty
B) world system theory
C) dependency theory
D) theory of undeveloped nations

Question 64

In world system theory, nations that have been totally left out of the development of capitalism and allowed to stagnate are called ________.

A) semi periphery nations
B) core nations
C) periphery nations
D) the external area

Question 65

The Industrialized Nations control of the Least Industrialized Nations through debts owed to them, which is referred to as ________.

A) imperialism
B) neocolonialism
C) modernization
D) capitalism

Question 66

What were the three estates in the estate stratification system of the middle ages?

Question 67

The spread of an economic system based on investing to make profits, which is becoming the world's dominant economic system, is referred to as ________.

A) the globalization of capitalism
B) the capitalization of the world economy
C) the economic colonization
D) the periphery of nations

Question 68

Who or what are the "Asian Tigers"?

A) the Pacific Rim nations that have a strong capitalist base
B) a group of Marxists opposed to capitalism developing in Southeast Asia
C) the neocolonialists who have exploited the rubber fields of Indonesia
D) a Japanese baseball team that serves as a model for capitalism

Question 69

The concept of the maquiladoras was made possible by the passage of the ________.

A) Taft-Hartley Trade Act
B) North American Free Trade Agreement
C) Sherman Anti-Trust Act
D) International Commerce Act of Latin America

Question 70

Based on the classical view, what were the three causes of slavery?

Question 71

John Kenneth Galbraith's theory of global stratification, referred to as a culture of poverty, is based on a concept first proposed by ________.

A) Frank Tannenbaun
B) John Hanaway
C) Oscar Lewis
D) William Ogden

Question 72

What is the major means of control used by the neocolonialists to maintain global stratification?

A) using military occupation as a form of coercion
B) bribing the country's government officials
C) creating debt along with ever-mounting interest
D) controlling the country's mass media

Question 73

Who were the Afrikaners?

Question 74

Two countries previously classified as Least Industrialized Nations that are building strong competition with Western nations because of cheap telecommunications and outsourced jobs from multinational corporations are ________ and ________.

A) Vietnam; Indonesia
B) China; India
C) Japan; Brazil
D) Indonesia; Taiwan

Question 75

Who or what are the maquiladoras?

A) death squads that hunt and kill the beggar children of Brazil
B) elite members of Mexico's newly emerging industrial capitalists
C) assembly-for-export factories along the Mexican border
D) Mexican migrant workers who cross the border to pick crops in the U.S.

Question 76

Multinational corporations often funnel money to elites in the Least Industrialized Nations to create a "favorable business climate." In reality, this term refers to the creation of ________ and ________.

A) open markets; long-term leases
B) government subsidies; massive workforces
C) open markets; low taxes
D) low taxes; cheap labor

Question 77

What has been the unique purpose of child slavery in present-day Kuwait, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia?

Question 78

What are the three variables that contribute most to determining one's location in a system of social stratification based on class?

Question 79

In societies that use a caste system for stratification, what is ablution?

Question 80

Why was slavery made inheritable when it was adopted by landowners in the American colonies?