Deck 12: Social Psychology: a Guide to Dealing With Adversity and Achieving a Happy Life

Question 1

In one study participants were asked for their partner's first name and two words related to the partner.Participants then responded to words on the screen that were either positive,negative,or the words they had provided.Participants who were

A)quicker at responding to positive and partner words were less likely to break up.
B)quicker at responding to negative and partner words were less likely to break up.
C)slower at responding to positive and negative words were less likely to break up.
D)slower at responding to positive and partner words were less likely to break up.
E)slower at responding to negative and partner words were more likely to break up.

Answer 1

quicker at responding to positive and partner words were less likely to break up.

Question 2

Which attachment style is most likely to result in the most loneliness?

A)Fearful-avoidant
B)Anxious
C)Dismissing
D)Both A and B
E)Both B and C

Answer 2

Both A and B

Question 3

Who is likely to have the most satisfying relationship?

A)Jose and Fred who are both securely attached.
B)Bill and Mark who each have a dismissing attachment style.
C)Mary and Alice who each have an anxious attachment style.
D)Sue and Jamal who each have an insecure attachment style.
E)Frank who is dismissing and Greta who is anxiously attached.

Answer 3

Jose and Fred who are both securely attached.

Question 4

How can loneliness be reduced?

A)Learning self-defeating behaviors.
B)Increasing one's self-esteem.
C)Improving one's social skills.
D)Reinforcing an avoidant attachment style.
E)Improving one's attitude.

Question 5

While ___ percent of marriages end in divorce,people believe their marriages have a ___ percent chance of working out.

A)50;50
B)25;50
C)50;10
D)50;90
E)50;100

Question 6

In a study of children that included siblings,identical twins,and fraternal twins results show that loneliness is ________.

A)inherited
B)completely about the environment
C)due only to nurture rather than nature
D)highly variable among siblings
E)situational

Question 7

In general,people who are ____ are less committed to their relationships,and even though they are similar to people who share this disposition,when paired with a similar other,they are not likely to have a happy relationship.

A)generous
B)extroverted
C)introverted
D)narcissists
E)agreeable

Question 8

Students were asked to complete a survey before and after they came to the university.Results showed that the ______ a student belonged to the ____ they were to be ____.

A)fewer groups;less likely;depressed
B)more groups;more likely;depressed
C)fewer groups;more likely;cohesively bonded
D)more groups;less likely;committed to the groups
E)more groups;less likely;depressed

Question 9

Approximately ____ of marriages and long-term romantic relationships end through divorce or breaking up.

A)half
B)one-third
C)90%
D)one-quarter
E)three-quarters

Question 10

Children who have attended pre-school are less likely to be lonely in elementary school because they have developed ____.

A)interpersonal skills
B)an immunity to self-esteem threat
C)higher self-esteem
D)more self-efficacy
E)self-defeating behaviors

Question 11

Results examining siblings found support that environment can play a crucial role in loneliness.This finding is best supported by the finding that

A)identical twins raised apart had similar levels of loneliness.
B)fraternal twins raised apart had similar levels of loneliness.
C)siblings raised together had similar levels of loneliness.
D)unrelated siblings raised together had similar levels of loneliness.
E)all children experience loneliness at some point.

Question 12

Happily married couples believe they are _____ than they actually are.

A)more satisfied
B)more similar
C)more unique
D)less similar
E)less satisfied

Question 13

Studies in which participants were asked to respond to positive,negative,and partner-related words were expressing their ___ attitudes toward their relationships.

A)explicit
B)neurological
C)implicit
D)socially desirable
E)overt

Question 14

What percent of couples report they have disagreements?

A)50
B)30
C)98.8
D)10
E)85

Question 15

Who would feel least lonely?

A)Greg whose wife recently died.
B)Bob who has spent his life alone by choice.
C)Charlie who is recently divorced.
D)Ernie who finds it difficult to form bonds with others.
E)Frank whose girlfriend has just left him.

Question 16

Longitudinal research on the long-term survival and happiness of relationships has demonstrated that

A)similar attitudes but complementary roles are key.
B)complementary roles are important.
C)similar attitudes,values,and goals are important.
D)assumed uniqueness enhances commitment.
E)dissimilar attitudes and narcissism is important.

Question 17

Bob is chronically lonely and hopes to acquire some social skills.What would a social psychologist suggest?

A)Engage in self-affirmations
B)Practice interacting strangers and then watching tapes of the interaction
C)Learn to make a request sound like an order
D)Have more optimistic expectations about interactions
E)Learn how to be more critical of others

Question 18

There are many negative consequences to being lonely including _________.

A)other people perceiving someone who is lonely as maladjusted
B)having the freedom to do what you want
C)freedom to engage in solitary pursuits
D)becoming adept at self-care
E)other people perceiving someone who is lonely as a potential new friend

Question 19

Many people without social skills are surprised to find all of the following EXCEPT ___.

A)their requests sound like orders
B)others are sensitive to criticism
C)they interrupt or cut others off
D)how they "turn others off"
E)that they have trouble making friends

Question 20

Mary and Alice have just started dating,and Mary thinks that it is funny when Alice always forgets to fold the hand towels so they will fit on the shelf.After a few years,it is likely that ____.

A)Mary will find this annoying and intolerable
B)Mary will begin to fold all the towels herself
C)Alice will learn to fold the towels correctly
D)Alice will build a new shelf
E)Mary will find this endearing and more tolerable as they get used to one another

Question 21

For most couples,serious conflicts arise ____.

A)very rarely
B)less than once a year
C)every day
D)once a month or more
E)every few years

Question 22

Chronic exposure to stress can reduce our circulating levels of ____ and increase our levels of ____.

A)cortisol;lymphocytes
B)immune function;distress
C)lymphocytes;cortisol
D)estrogen;testosterone
E)proteins;hormones

Question 23

Stress can have indirect and direct effects on health.Which of the following is an example of an indirect effect?

A)Increased cortisol
B)Decrease lymphocytes
C)Depressed immune system
D)Being too stressed to prepare and eat healthy meals
E)Increased susceptibility to illness

Question 24

First Lady Michelle Obama has begun a campaign against childhood obesity.This campaign and similar efforts have included all of the following except

A)restriction advertisements of high-calorie foods aimed at children.
B)changing school cafeteria offerings.
C)including caloric count information in menus.
D)increasing exercise.
E)adapting school uniforms to allow more movement and less restriction of movement.

Question 25

People with ____ self-esteem may feel their partners ____ them when they ____ in other domains.

A)high;reject;succeed
B)low;accept;fail
C)low;reject;fail
D)low;accept;succeed
E)high;reject;fail

Question 26

Evie woke up and found that her car would not start.She walked to the bus stop,but arrived just as it drove away.After catching a later bus and arriving at work just barely in time,she finds that her computer will not start up.A computer technician comes in and fixes her computer and recovers her lost email and she realizes she missed an emergency meeting because she didn't get the email in time.Evie will undoubtedly be stressed due primarily to

A)major stressful life event.
B)broken social connections or relationships.
C)daily hassles.
D)cortisol production.
E)immunity boosting.

Question 27

Obesity is thought to be caused by all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A)increases in portion size
B)people eating their entire portion regardless of size
C)efficient calorie storing systems
D)fewer school bus stops
E)people walk less

Question 28

Why is obesity more common among poorer and disadvantaged groups than among wealthier and better-educated groups?

A)Poor people are poor because they are lazy and unwilling to work.
B)Poor people do not have any idea what foods might or might not be healthy.
C)Wealthy people tend to received medical intervention (e.g. ,liposuction).
D)Healthy and fresh foods tend to be more expensive than less nutritionally advantageous foods.
E)Wealthy people all hire personal trainers.

Question 29

A new couple is completely enamored with one another.They each believe the other is more agreeable and affectionate than they actually are.What do you predict for the future of this couple based on research?

A)Positive illusions about the partner can lead to the end of a relationship.
B)Over time the truth will emerge and they'll end up hurt and alone.
C)Relationships based on such falsehoods rarely last.
D)This couple is likely to be happier over the long term as long as they maintain their positive illusions.
E)This couple has a 50/50 shot just like every other couple.

Question 30

Terry and Jo are dating and want to have a happy and lasting relationship.Which of the following would be helpful to prolonging their relationship?

A)Terry being high in attachment anxiety.
B)Jo being high in attachment anxiety.
C)Focusing conversations predominantly on events of the day and not on personal feelings or moods.
D)Inquiring about the mood state of one another.
E)Making sure that one's emotional state does not impact the relationship dynamic.

Question 31

Ann says to her partner,"I have been keeping the house clean all week,when are you going to pitch in and help?" This is an example of the

A)exchange approach.
B)communal approach.
C)individualistic approach.
D)passionate love.
E)companionate love.

Question 32

Bobby lost an important account at work today.His boss was thoroughly disappointed and in no uncertain terms told him he had made a grave mistake.When Bobby thinks about going home to his partner,he most likely

A)believes his partner loves him unconditionally.
B)feels his partner will love him less and be less accepting.
C)will be happy to be around someone who loves him just as he is.
D)thinks that at least his relationship is intact and going well.
E)will express to his partner that he wants to break-up.

Question 33

Why might Internet sites geared toward helping people lose weight be successful?

A)Provision of feedback on goal attainment
B)Ability to access information about diet and exercise from anywhere
C)Social facilitation
D)Social loafing
E)The Internet is attractive to many overweight individuals

Question 34

When Brett and his partner after a long history of communal relationship behaviors begin to move to a more exchange or reciprocal approach,it is likely there will also be

A)an increase in commitment.
B)a decrease in commitment.
C)an increase in satisfaction.
D)a decrease in satisfaction.
E)a pending marriage proposal.

Question 35

A couple comes to you and asks what they should do to make sure their relationship is long-lasting and successful.Based on research what would you suggest?

A)Always praise your partner.
B)Express positive expectancies.
C)Forgive each other for negative actions.
D)Be balanced in your view of what is ideal and what is real.
E)Always have low expectations,so you'll be pleased no matter the outcome.

Question 36

Millie and Mike just began dating and each one attempts to provide for the needs of the other without a thought about what they might get in return.This is an example of the

A)exchange approach.
B)communal approach.
C)individualistic approach.
D)passionate love.
E)companionate love.

Question 37

Our response to events that disrupt,or threaten to disrupt,our physical or psychological functioning is called

A)stress.
B)social loafing.
C)social facilitation.
D)norm of reciprocity.
E)cortisol.

Question 38

What percentage of the population in the United States is thought to exceed their ideal weight?

A)30%
B)50%
C)66%
D)75%
E)80%

Question 39

Relationship success requires

A)a considerable amount of work.
B)finding the right person.
C)having a certain "chemistry" with the other person.
D)avoiding individuals with high self-esteem.
E)avoiding individuals with low self-esteem.

Question 40

The organization that attempts to counteract stigma against people who are overweight is called ______.

A)American Society for Pro Fat Attitudes
B)National Association to Advance for Fat Acceptance
C)American Medical Association
D)National American Association to Promote Obesity
E)Pro-Fat Anti-Stigma Association

Question 41

A useful strategy for coping with stress involves ________.

A)avoiding negative thoughts and emotion-provoking stimuli
B)engaging in activities that reduce or counter the negative emotions produced by stress
C)engaging in efforts to modify or change the cause of the stress
D)seeking contact with humans (or even a pet)that can provide social support
E)engaging in temporary,short-term behaviors that temporarily alleviate the negative emotions caused by stress,such as drinking alcohol or over-eating

Question 42

Because of its negative effects on health,we should ________.

A)avoid occupations that are stressful
B)learn how to effectively cope with stress
C)take a 20 minute power nap in the middle of each afternoon
D)minimize the amount of stress we experience by avoiding or eliminating all sources of stress
E)learn to disregard or ignore individuals and situations that provoke stress

Question 43

Some recent research (Brown et al. ,2003)indicates that elderly couples ________.

A)do not benefit very much from the social support they receive from others
B)benefit more from providing high levels of social support than from receiving it
C)do not benefit very much from the social support they give to others
D)benefit more from receiving high levels of social support than from giving it
E)benefit from receiving high levels of social support but are not capable of giving it

Question 44

Pets may help people cope with stress because they ________.

A)provide their owner with contact comfort
B)engage in emotional and cognitive bonding with their owner
C)increase the probability that their owner will affiliate with other pet owners
D)distract their owner from the sources of stress
E)provide non-judgmental social support

Question 45

When we draw upon the emotional and task resources provided by others to cope with stress,we are relying on ___.

A)practitioners
B)social support
C)stress reduction therapies
D)medical intervention
E)learned helplessness

Question 46

Pets are a particularly effective form of social support because they provide ___.

A)"someone" to come home to
B)nonjudgmental social support
C)"someone" to talk to
D)another living being to provide tactile stimulation
E)soothing sounds

Question 47

Stress affects our health directly by ________ and indirectly by ________.

A)interfering with immune system functioning;decreasing the effort we expend in fitness-related and other preventive behaviors
B)decreasing the probability that we will modify our diet to include healthier foods ;decreasing our desire for "comfort" foods,such as chocolate
C)decreasing the effort we expend in preventive behavior;increasing the effort we expend in fitness-related behavior
D)decreasing the probability that we will seek medical care for illnesses;increasing the probability that we will modify our diet to include healthier foods
E)decreasing the effort we expend in fitness-related behavior;increasing the effort we expend in preventive behavior

Question 48

Margaret is experiencing great stress as she is preparing to undergo an annual evaluation of her performance at work.Who is the best person to provide social support to counteract this stressor?

A)Margaret's boss.
B)Margaret's co-workers who will have some input on the evaluation.
C)Margaret's neighbor who works in a different industry.
D)Margaret's best friend who works for a competing company in a similar position.
E)Margaret's clients who assure her they have put in a good word.

Question 49

Bekah just witnessed a mugging and is brought to the police station to identify the suspect.If Bekah is shown five people at time and asked after viewing the group as a whole if the suspect is present,this is called a ________.

A)simultaneous lineup
B)traditional lineup
C)sequential lineup
D)witness identification
E)false positive lineup

Question 50

People accused of most major crimes are less likely to be found guilty if they physically are ____.

A)attractive,male,and come from a higher SES.
B)unattractive,female,and come from a lower SES.
C)attractive,male,and come from a lower SES.
D)attractive,female,and come from a higher SES.
E)unattractive,white,and come from a lower SES.

Question 51

An attractive defendant has a(n)________ of being convicted in a criminal cases,all other factors being equal.

A)lesser probability
B)greater chance if the jury is predominately female
C)equal probability
D)greater probability
E)greater chance if the jury is predominately male

Question 52

When asked to view simultaneous lineup,witnesses are more likely to

A)identify the correct person.
B)incorrectly choose a person who did not commit the crime.
C)become too confused to choose at all.
D)choose the person in the middle.
E)choose the person furthest to the left.

Question 53

Barb just witnessed a mugging and is brought to the police station to identify the suspect.If Barb is shown one person at time and asked after viewing each person if that person is the suspect,this is called a _______.

A)simultaneous lineup
B)traditional lineup
C)sequential lineup
D)witness identification
E)false positive lineup

Question 54

Mark is experiencing a great deal of stress at home,at work,and in his daily life.He is having financial trouble,car trouble,and cannot afford to take time off of work to get his car fixed.His friend Greg provides social support by

A)reminding Mark of the wide array of things he should be doing in addition to his long list.
B)taking Mark's car in to the shop for him.
C)staying out of the way so that Mark has plenty of alone time to sort through his situation.
D)making sure everyone knows of Mark's shortcomings.
E)giving Mark an invoice for money he owes Greg for some work he did for him last month.

Question 55

When witnesses are shown several people,one or more of whom may be suspects in a case,and asked to identify the person they recognize as the person who committed a crime,this is called a(n)___.

A)interrogation
B)lineup
C)false accusations
D)biased instruction set
E)testimony

Question 56

Chronic exposure to stressful situations may affect our health by ________.

A)decreasing our blood pressure
B)increasing the attention and effort devoted to health-related behaviors
C)decreasing levels of cortisol
D)increasing the number of circulating lymphocytes
E)interfering with the immune system's functioning

Question 57

Which of the following is an example of a chronic stressor?

A)Catching a cold
B)A car that needs a new battery
C)An overbearing and rude supervisor
D)Vacation
E)Getting a raise

Question 58

Pozzulo and Dempsey (2006)showed children and adults a videotape of a staged crime.When they were later presented with a simultaneous lineup,they were told either "the criminal may or may not be in the lineup" or they were led to believe that the criminal was indeed present in the lineup.Results show

A)those who thought the criminal was present were more likely to make a false identification.
B)those told the criminal may or may not be present were more likely to make a false identification.
C)those who thought the criminal was present were more likely to correctly choose the criminal.
D)those told the criminal may or may not be present were more likely to correctly choose the criminal.
E)participants in both conditions correctly rejected all the suspects.

Question 59

_____ are more likely to be convicted of murder and to receive _____ than _____.

A)African Americans;lighter sentences;European Americans
B)African Americans;death sentences;European Americans
C)European Americans;death sentences;African Americans
D)European Americans;lighter sentences;African Americans
E)Women;death sentences;men

Question 60

Stockbrokers who live alone,had high blood pressure,and reported their work was very stressful were randomly assigned to receive a ____.Results found that this reduced blood pressure increases by half.

A)pet
B)vacation
C)raise
D)promotion
E)bonus

Question 61

Personal happiness is influenced by having goals and

A)the resources to attain those goals.
B)having those goals always be just out of reach so we continue to improve ourselves.
C)particularly unrealistic goals so that we can dream of a brighter future.
D)never attain them so we are always looking to the future.
E)setting the bar particularly high so that when achieved we feel accomplished.

Question 62

Large surveys indicate that in general

A)80% of people are quite happy.
B)wealthier people are less happy.
C)around 20% of the population is truly happy.
D)people are happier if they are wealthier.
E)40% of people are unhappy with their lives.

Question 63

Robert is a high school graduate,with a job that pays enough to live on,and he is in the process of setting goals for himself.If you want to maximize his happiness,which goal should you encourage him to set?

A)Robert wants to be internationally famous for his juggling talent.
B)Robert wants to save enough money to buy the care of his dreams.
C)Robert wants to return to school and get a double PhD and a law degree.
D)Robert wants to lose 50lbs.
E)Robert wants to go to the gym and run 4 miles each week.

Question 64

Feeling generally happy with your life is referred to as ____.

A)subjective well-being
B)global life satisfaction
C)frequent positive feelings
D)frequent negative feelings
E)satisfaction with specific life domains

Question 65

Participants in one study were asked to list their material possessions and how much they enjoyed or wanted each of these items.They were also asked to rate their life satisfaction.Results support which of the following?

A)Money can buy happiness.
B)It is important to have what you want.
C)It is important to want what you have.
D)It is equally important to want what you have and have what you want.
E)Money can't buy love.

Question 66

Being satisfied with your work,relationships,or family is referred to as _______.

A)subjective well-being
B)global life satisfaction
C)frequent positive feelings
D)frequent negative feelings
E)satisfaction with specific life domains

Question 67

Personal happiness includes which of the following?

A)Subjective well-being
B)Global life satisfaction
C)Frequent positive feelings
D)Frequent negative feelings
E)Satisfaction with specific life domains

Question 68

High levels of subjective well-being are related to all of the following except

A)job satisfaction.
B)higher income.
C)increased productivity.
D)higher workload.
E)more friends.

Question 69

Bothwell et al.(2006)conducted research examining racial bias in jury decision making.The results show that

A)racial biases existed for private judgments but not after deliberation.
B)racial biases existed only after the jury deliberated.
C)there is no racial bias involved in judgments of sexual harassment.
D)there was bias such that privately and after deliberation white victims received more compensation.
E)there was bias such that both privately and after deliberation black defendants received harsher sentences.

Question 70

Results from a variety of studies indicate that ____ in the legal system is often corrected for by ____.

A)racial bias;jury deliberation
B)gender bias;harsher sentences
C)prosecutorial misconduct;racial differences
D)optimistic bias;lighter sentencing
E)ethical malfeasance;minimal sentences

Question 71

Racial inequities in conviction and sentencing are reflect by the fact that

A)African Americans are over-represented on death row.
B)European Americans are more likely to be serial killers.
C)female prisoners now outnumber male prisoners.
D)Mexican Americans outnumber African Americans in prison.
E)the death penalty is not carried out very frequently.

Question 72

In one study participants were shown a neutral photo or a photo to prime money and then given a piece of chocolate to eat.They were observed,timed,and rated in terms of how much they seemed to enjoy the chocolate.Findings show that

A)being primed with money decreased the amount of time people spent eating the chocolate.
B)being primed with money increased the amount of time people spent eating the chocolate.
C)chocolate resulted in positive feelings regardless of the prime condition.
D)being primed with money led participants to inquire as to the cost of the chocolate.
E)being primed with money increased their level of enjoyment.

Question 73

High levels of positive emotions create life satisfaction because

A)positive emotions lead people to help others who are feeling depressed.
B)positive emotions make people unrealistically optimistic.
C)people think,feel,and act in ways that build their emotional,physical,and social resources.
D)positive emotions decrease cortisol and lead us to have thinner body shapes.
E)people are only happy when they live in a stress-free environment.

Question 74

You are serving as a jury consultant for the prosecution in a case involving sexual assault and child abuse.Based on research what types of jurors should you select?

A)Younger
B)Older
C)Attractive
D)Women
E)Men

Question 75

In one study,participants were shown a neutral photo or a photo to prime money and then given a piece of chocolate to eat.They were observed,timed,and rated in terms of how much they seemed to enjoy the chocolate.Findings show that

A)being primed with money decreased enjoyment of the chocolate.
B)being primed with money increased enjoyment of the chocolate.
C)chocolate resulted in positive feelings regardless of the prime condition.
D)being primed with money led participants to inquire as to the cost of the chocolate.
E)being primed with money increased the amount of time it took participants to eat the chocolate.

Question 76

Research by Schutte and Hosch (1997)found that ____ were more likely to vote for ____ than ___.

A)men;conviction;women
B)women;not guilty;men
C)women;conviction;men
D)men;death penalty;women
E)younger jurors;conviction;older jurors

Question 77

Henrietta is on trial for a crime against another person.She is most likely to be found guilty if she is accused of ____.

A)fraud
B)assault
C)bigamy
D)robbery
E)theft

Question 78

Wealth has the most impact on happiness when people are thinking of their economic standing

A)relative to others'.
B)in absolute terms.
C)compared to their spouses.
D)compared to their children.
E)compared to the national debt.

Question 79

Which of the following is true about the relationship between wealth and happiness?

A)The US is ranked first for income and also for positive feelings.
B)Having more money always leads to more happiness.
C)After a person has enough money to provide for their needs in terms of housing,food,clothes,money,wealth does not appear to have a very large impact on happiness.
D)The more money people have the less happy they are,particularly after the first billion dollars.
E)Nations that are ranked lower than the US in income,always rank similarly low in happiness.

Question 80

Wealth may diminish our happiness by

A)taking away our capacity to savor and enjoy the little pleasures of life.
B)allowing us to buy material goods we do not need.
C)allowing us to have peace of mind about health care.
D)taking away our ability to manage our own finances.
E)encouraging rampant consumerism.