Deck 13: Global Dynamics and Population Demographic Trends

Question 1

A population's most fundamental characteristic is its

A)size.
B)age.
C)food.
D)freedom.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

How is the Baby Boomer Generation similar to the Millennium Generation?

A)They are both religious.
B)They are evenly distributed across the nation.
C)They are similar with regard to size.
D)They both grew up in a traditional family.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Cohort effects and period effects are shared by _____ cohorts.

A)birth
B)death
C)marital
D)generational

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is a characteristic of Generation X?

A)They are the cohort that is the most media connected.
B)They have strained the capacity of every social institution they have encountered.
C)They were born in the years between 1965 and 1979.
D)They were not "latchkey" children.

Question 5

Generation Xers were the first generation to grow up as so-called "_____" children.

A)tech-savvy
B)latchkey
C)spiritual
D)rebellious

Question 6

As Baby Boomers age,which social institution will likely experience strain?

A)education
B)media
C)health care
D)politics

Question 7

Which of the following statements about global population growth is true?

A)Earth's population is expanding in a uniform manner.
B)It is uneven.
C)We are experiencing a rapid expansion of the population in developed countries.
D)There is no discipline that attempts to describe,explain,or predict the phenomenon.

Question 8

The Millennium Generation associates the word extreme with

A)activities that exceed the limits of what is accepted.
B)the grace and athleticism required for technological advances.
C)unusual phenomenon that are inexplicable.
D)a sense of joy and spiritual well-being.

Question 9

Demographers have identified shortages of ___ in China.

A)males
B)females
C)internal migration
D)transnational migration

Question 10

Which of the following statements about age structures is true?

A)They vary from one society to the next.
B)They have remained stable across history.
C)Because it is a natural phenomenon,it is invariant.
D)Its characteristics are unaffected by social forces.

Question 11

Sociologists who study fluctuations in population characteristics are called

A)populists.
B)cartographers.
C)demographers

Question 12

On a global scale,which of the following is a consequence of rapid population growth?

A)a sharp decrease in global economic inequality
B)a decrease in environmental pollution
C)an increase in racial and ethnic separatism
D)a decrease in racial and ethnic separatism

Question 13

What is a cohort effect?

A)a phenomenon in which a historical event or major social trend contributes to the unique shape and outlook of a birth cohort
B)a phenomenon in which members of a birth cohort tend to experience particular life course event or rite of passage at roughly the same time
C)a set of people who were born during the same era and who face similar societal circumstances
D)the number of boys born divided by the number of girls born multiplied by 100

Question 14

Which term was used to describe children who grew up in families where both parents worked and children were often home alone for extended periods of time?

A)Beat Generation
B)the Babysat
C)deadbolt
D)latchkey

Question 15

What is the primary reason older cohorts tend to score lower on standardized tests than younger cohorts?

A)After age 50,people begin to show signs of dementia.
B)The majority of older adults are functionally and technologically illiterate.
C)As result of better diets and biological evolution,younger people are more intelligent than older adults.
D)Levels of formal education vary across generations;older adults are likely to have fewer years of schooling.

Question 16

World War II profoundly influenced the feelings of many Americans and created enduring feelings of animosity toward their former enemies: Germany and Japan.These persistent negative feelings are an example of _____ effects.

A)cohort
B)demographic
C)period
D)situational

Question 17

Baby Boomers,Generation X,and Millennials are examples of

A)constituencies.
B)agglomerations.
C)cohorts.
D)period effects.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the U.S.Millennium Generation is NOT true?

A)Today,high-school seniors consume more marijuana than their 1980s counterparts.
B)Today,high-school seniors consume less alcohol than their 1980s counterparts.
C)They are more ethnically diverse than the Generation X and the Baby Boomers.
D)They are more likely than older cohorts to have grown up in a nontraditional family.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of a cohort effect?

A)living through World War I
B)experiencing the attacks on September 11,2001
C)getting married in the 1980s
D)surviving the Holocaust

Question 20

Which generation was the first to broaden definitions of family to include domestic partnerships,unmarried women with children,and cohabiting couples?

A)Generation X
B)Generation Y
C)Millennials
D)Baby Boomers

Question 21

Which cohort is most likely to have grown up in a nontraditional family?

A)Generation N
B)Baby Boomers
C)Millennials
D)Generation X

Question 22

A population's balance of young and old people is referred to as its

A)age structure.
B)demographic culture.
C)birth rate.
D)cohort.

Question 23

Which of the following is likely to have an influence on a society's age structure?

A)government policies dealing with reproduction
B)cultural traditions
C)economic conditions
D)All of the above

Question 24

Where would you expect to find high birth rates?

A)a society with a successful "one child" policy
B)a society with relatively high levels of economic and technological development
C)a society where effective contraception is readily available
D)a society with relatively low levels of technological and economic development

Question 25

Jacklin studies how migration and birth rates affect a society's age structure.This term best describes the activity Jacklin is engaged in

A)demography.
B)hagiography.
C)bibliography.
D)populism.

Question 26

In the past year,Maria has attended the weddings of eight high-school and four college friends.Which term best describes the phenomenon?

A)cohort periods
B)conflation effects
C)period effects
D)cohort effects

Question 27

When people move in large numbers from rural communities to cities,we refer to this as

A)gentrification.
B)urbanization.
C)ossification.
D)colonization.

Question 28

In China,which of the following was NOT used to control population growth?

A)Financial rewards are offered to those willing to disclose the reproductive habits of their neighbors.
B)Fines are imposed on those who violate reproductive policies.
C)Women are sterilized without consent.
D)A copy of The Pharma-Sutra: An Illustrated Guide to Contraception is given to each couple registering a marriage

Question 29

Which cohort is the most digitally connected?

A)Baby Boomers
B)Generation X
C)Generation N
D)Millennial Generation

Question 30

In 2015,many Syrians fled their country in search of a safer life for themselves and their children.The term for this movement of people is

A)refugiation.
B)refutation.
C)migration.
D)mitigation.

Question 31

Which country has an age structure that is dominated by the young?

A)United States
B)Japan
C)Uganda
D)Australia

Question 32

Under normal conditions,there are between 103 and 107 male babies born for every 100 female babies.What natural occurrence operates to even the distribution of boys to girls?

A)Males have higher rates of infant mortality than females.
B)Females have higher rates of infant mortality than males.
C)Sex-reassignment surgery is more common for males.
D)Sex-reassignment surgery is more common for females.

Question 33

To decrease population growth,China implemented all of the following policies EXCEPT

A)couples were forced to wait until their mid-20s to marry.
B)regions were assigned yearly birth quotas.
C)neighborhood committees determined which couples could have a baby.
D)monthly text messages encouraging heterosexual males to engage in same-sex intercourse.

Question 34

The systematic study of trends in population characteristics is known as

A)ecology.
B)demography.
C)topography.
D)phrenology.

Question 35

Which of the following statements is true?

A)In the United States,rates of pregnancy,abortion,and births for girls between 15 and 19 have declined since 1990.
B)In the United States,rates of pregnancy,abortion,and births for girls between 15 and 19 have remained the same since 1990.
C)In the United States,rates of pregnancy,abortion,and births for girls between 15 and 19 have increased since 1990.
D)In the United States,rates of pregnancy,abortion,and births for girls between 15 and 19 are not available as statistics are not kept on minors.

Question 36

All of the following explain why people in developing countries continue to have large families EXCEPT

A)children are expected to provide for aging parents.
B)they lack access to effective birth control.
C)traditions encourage large families.
D)their governments provide incentives to have additional children.

Question 37

Changes in population size are most often a function of

A)birth and death rates.
B)internal migration.
C)government fertility policies.
D)immigration.

Question 38

Which of the following best describes the political orientations of Generation X?

A)They are more likely to vote than Generation Q.
B)They are uniformly conservative.
C)On a number of social issues,such as the legalization of marijuana,they are more liberal than older cohorts.
D)They are more likely to identify as separatists than conceptualists.

Question 39

Which of the following statements about Generation X is true?

A)As children,they were less likely than Baby Boomers to experience the divorce of their parents.
B)They were born during World War II.
C)They belong to the largest birth cohort in history.
D)They are more likely to be single and without children than previous generations.

Question 40

Populations in poor,developing countries are more likely to be _________ rather than ________.

A)growing;shrinking
B)stabilizing;expanding
C)declining;expanding
D)decreasing;increasing

Question 41

In the United States,attitudes toward immigrants are unambiguously positive.

Question 42

Compare and contrast period effects and cohort effects.

Question 43

The Millennium Generation is on track to be the most educated cohort in U.S.history.

Question 44

Economic conditions affect migration.

Question 45

The Baby Boom and Generation X cohorts are similar in terms of size.

Question 46

Millennials have higher rates of unemployment than older birth cohorts.

Question 47

The majority of babies in the United States are born to white,middle-class parents.

Question 48

Members of a birth cohort may share a common history.

Question 49

The majority of the world's population resides in rural (nonurban)areas.

Question 50

The Chinese government's one-child policy had no effect on birthrates.

Question 51

Most Baby Boomers grew up as latchkey children.

Question 52

One reason birthrates are higher in developing countries is lack of access to effective contraception.

Question 53

Over the next decade,which of the following is most likely to be a challenge for American social institutions?

A)the demands Baby Boomers will place on the health care system
B)the number of undocumented workers occupying high-paying positions in the technology sector
C)the economic burden that will result from the overwhelming size of the Generation X cohort
D)the economic burden that will result from the death of those born during the Great Depression

Question 54

The "four-two-one problem" refers to a situation where an only child is responsible for caring for two aging parents and four elderly grandparents.

Question 55

Millennials and Baby Boomers are similar in terms of size.

Question 56

Which of the following statements best describes U.S.immigration trends since 2007?

A)Immigration from Latin America has increased markedly.
B)The number of undocumented workers entering the United States has increased markedly.
C)Immigration is no longer a political issue.
D)Immigration from Latin America has declined.

Question 57

A high birthrate is always necessary for economic development.

Question 58

Economic development affects population growth.

Question 59

The number of undocumented immigrants entering the United States has steadily increased since the economic downturn of 2008.

Question 60

The process by which large numbers of people leave rural areas and move to big cities is called urbanization.

Question 61

Describe how the Millennials view the Baby Boomers.What are some reasons for Millennials' perceptions of Boomers?

Question 62

Why are birth rates in developing countries higher than birth rates in economically developed countries? Your answer should include specific factors (political,economic,cultural)that affect birth rates.

Question 63

What is the "graying" of America? Describe how this may affect at least two major social institutions.

Question 64

What do demographers study? Why is their work important?

Question 65

Explain why a society would want to artificially alter its birth rate or age structure.Identify one society that has taken steps to encourage population growth and one society that has taken steps to curtail population growth.

Question 66

Identify current trends in U.S.immigration.How might these affect major social institutions?

Question 67

Describe the characteristics of Generation X that set it apart from the Baby Boom generation.How do members of Generation X view the Baby Boomers? How do Baby Boomers view Generation X?

Question 68

Identify your birth cohort.Identify and describe two period effects for your generation.

Question 69

To which birth cohort do you belong? Describe five of your cohort's characteristics.