Deck 3: Federalism: the Changing Boundaries Between the Nation and the States

Question 1

One of the most important statements about where the people's authority is located is the ______ Clause.

A) Establishment
B) Supremacy
C) Elastic
D) Commerce

Answer 1

B

Question 2

While the Constitution created much of the basic framework for the division of power, it failed to perfectly delineate ______.

A) the barriers between the branches of government
B) the boundaries between national and state powers
C) the corresponding checks and balances of government
D) the degree to which citizens would granted sovereignty

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Raich and Monson were using marijuana under California's ______.

A) Recreational Drug Use Law
B) Compassionate Use Act
C) Don't Ask Don't Tell Policy
D) Constitutional provisions

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Under a ______ system of government, powers are shared between the national government and the states.

A) federal
B) confederal
C) unitary
D) democracy

Question 5

The Constitution clearly establishes that ultimate political authority rests with which of the following?

A) the president
B) the states
C) the national government
D) the people

Question 6

The federal government has argued that it has the authority to control drugs at the national and state levels because of their financial and business impact on a national level. In applying this argument, they are relying upon the ______ Clause.

A) Establishment
B) Supremacy
C) Elastic
D) Commerce

Question 7

Powers that are explicitly granted to the government in the Constitution are known as ______ powers.

A) enumerated
B) applied
C) concurrent
D) implied

Question 8

Marijuana is considered a Class I narcotic under which of the following federal laws?

A) the Controlled Substances Act of 1970
B) the Comstock Act of 1873
C) the Volstead Act of 1919
D) the Food and Drug Act of 1906

Question 9

Angel McClary Raich and Diane Monson filed suit against the federal government in which state?

A) Texas
B) Oklahoma
C) California
D) Arizona

Question 10

The Necessary and Proper Clause is also called the ______ Clause.

A) Establishment
B) Supremacy
C) Elastic
D) Commerce

Question 11

In general, the powers of the national government are ______ written and described by the Constitution.

A) vaguely
B) unfairly
C) explicitly
D) implicitly

Question 12

Most of the enumerated powers in the Constitution were granted to the ______ branch.

A) executive
B) legislative
C) judicial
D) bureaucratic

Question 13

Enumerated powers granted by the Constitution would grant power to which governing body?

A) local town council
B) county council
C) state legislature
D) Congress

Question 14

The new system of government created by the Constitution in which government would be divided between the national and state levels is best described as ______.

A) federalism
B) constitutionalism
C) confederalism
D) institutionalism

Question 15

Under a confederal system, such as the Articles of Confederation, national power comes from the ______.

A) people
B) president
C) Congress
D) states

Question 16

The Constitution is least clear on the way(s) in which authority and power would be vested to ______.

A) the legislative branch including the House of Representatives and Senate
B) the executive branch including the presidency
C) whatever structures of government Americans would choose to create and maintain
D) the judiciary, particularly the Supreme Court

Question 17

Key to a true federal system is the existence of _____.

A) state authority in all governmental matters so as to limit the authority of the national government
B) a system of direct initiative and voting in all important matters similar to a direct democracy
C) constitutional protections for each level against encroachment on its powers by the other level
D) provisions of strong national governmental powers so as to limit the power of the states themselves

Question 18

Under a ______ system, the structures of government are placed entirely in the hands of a national government.

A) federal
B) confederal
C) unitary
D) monarchy

Question 19

______ has contributed to the growth of national power when combined with the Necessary and Proper Clause.

A) Vagueness in the language of the specific powers of national government
B) The lack of clear boundaries between national powers and those of the states
C) The need for centralized control over important policy issues such as drugs and education
D) The failure of clearly defined national powers to be expressed in the Constitution

Question 20

Which of the following is most often used along with the Necessary and Proper and Supremacy Clauses to create federal law and policy?

A) the Establishment Clause
B) the Commerce Clause
C) the Clear and Present Danger Clause
D) the Full Faith and Credit Clause

Question 21

Which was the highest court to take up the case of Angel Raich and Diane Monson?

A) county court
B) state court
C) federal court
D) Supreme Court

Question 22

Powers used by states to protect and provide for their safety, health, and general welfare are called ______ powers.

A) reserved
B) police
C) martial law
D) expressed

Question 23

Under the federal system, cities depend upon ______ authority in order to operate.

A) national
B) state
C) county
D) mayoral

Question 24

Defining the relative power of the two levels of government as well as how closely they are intertwined has occurred through the ______ process.

A) executive
B) legislative
C) judicial
D) political

Question 25

Which of the following would be included in the reserved powers granted to states by the Tenth Amendment?

A) establish an army
B) declare war on a neighboring state
C) regulate commerce between neighboring states
D) conduct elections

Question 26

Which of the following are states prohibited from doing?

A) regulating commerce within the state and between its citizens
B) making laws that are binding the state and its citizens
C) establishing courts at the state, county, or local level
D) entering into treaties with foreign governments

Question 27

Powers that are granted both to the states and the national government are called ______.

A) implied powers
B) concurrent powers
C) expressed powers
D) implied powers

Question 28

Which of the following court cases centered on the questions of whether the federal government had the authority to charter a bank and whether the state governments had the right to tax such a bank?

A) Gibbons v. Ogden
B) McCulloch v. Maryland
C) Barron v. Baltimore
D) Marbury v. Madison

Question 29

Though not explicitly part of the federal structure, ______ governments also act in the political space to protect their own interests.

A) national
B) state
C) interstate
D) local

Question 30

In explaining the Court's Decision in Gonzalez v. Raich, the court went back to the policies of ______.

A) the Great Society
B) the War on Drugs
C) the Cold War
D) the Great Depression

Question 31

Which of the following is an example of an implied power?

A) regulating interstate commerce
B) coining and printing money
C) declaring war
D) establishing an air force

Question 32

Which of the following is a power prohibited to the national government without the express consent of the state's citizens?

A) declaring war
B) printing money
C) admitting new states
D) regulating commerce

Question 33

In its decision in the Raich case, the Court found that marijuana grown on local soil for personal use violated the ______ Clause of the Constitution.

A) Supremacy
B) Elastic
C) Commerce
D) Establishment

Question 34

In its decision in Gonzales v. Raich (2005), the Supreme Court sided with ______.

A) Raich and Monson
B) the State of California
C) the federal government
D) the Food and Drug Administration

Question 35

The Constitution describes the powers associated with which level of government?

A) cities
B) counties
C) districts
D) states

Question 36

The Constitution fails to describe the powers of the levels of government below what level?

A) national
B) state
C) county
D) city

Question 37

From the perspective of federalism, there are ______ levels of government.

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Question 38

Wickard v. Filburn was a case heard by the Supreme Court in 1942, the unanimous decision against Filburn was based on which clause of the Constitution?

A) Commerce Clause
B) Supremacy Clause
C) Necessary and Proper Clause
D) Good Faith Clause

Question 39

Those powers not textually granted to the federal government but which are assumed to be given to it as a result of its need to make all laws "necessary and proper" are called ______ powers.

A) enumerated
B) applied
C) concurrent
D) implied

Question 40

Which of the following is considered a concurrent power?

A) establishing schools
B) printing currency
C) borrowing money
D) declaring war

Question 41

The case of ______ was a landmark case in restricting the rights of African Americans following the Civil War by upholding the constitutionality of legalized racial segregation.

A) Marbury v. Madison
B) Brown v. Board of Education
C) Plessey v. Ferguson
D) Dred Scott v. Sanford

Question 42

By placing limits on the Privileges and Immunities Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, the Court upheld the authority of states to exercise their ______.

A) sovereignty
B) martial law privileges
C) police powers
D) commerce powers

Question 43

Dual federalism ______.

A) evenly divided the people's sovereignty between the nation and the states
B) focused the people's sovereignty entirely on the states
C) placed the sovereignty of the people primarily on the national government
D) was designed to placate the demands of the Federalists and Anti-Federalists alike

Question 44

While John Marshall's Supreme Court affirmed national power under the Necessary and Proper Clause and the Commerce Clause, it did so with an eye toward ______.

A) future court rulings
B) public opinion
C) legislative authority
D) executive privilege

Question 45

What term describes when the power of the government is equally divided between states and the nation?

A) coercive federalism
B) unitary federalism
C) dual federalism
D) cooperative federalism

Question 46

A vision of American federalism in which the states and the national government work together to shape policy is called what?

A) dual federalism
B) unitary federalism
C) cooperative federalism
D) coercive federalism

Question 47

The case of McCulloch v. Maryland affirmed which of the following Constitutional clauses?

A) the Establishment Clause
B) the Necessary and Proper Clause
C) the Commerce Clause
D) the Full Faith and Credit Clause

Question 48

For much of the history of the American republic, the model of the relationship between states and nation was one of ______.

A) coercive federalism
B) unitary federalism
C) dual federalism
D) cooperative federalism

Question 49

The case of Barron v. Baltimore dealt with which of the following?

A) expanding the government's powers under the Supremacy Clause
B) acknowledging states' rights under the Tenth Amendment
C) limiting the government's powers under the Fifth Amendment
D) defining the boundaries of governmental commerce power

Question 50

In the Slaughterhouse Cases, the Supreme Court weighed in for the first time on the protections offered by the ______.

A) Tenth Amendment
B) Thirteenth Amendment
C) Fourteenth Amendment
D) Fifteenth Amendment

Question 51

In the 1830s, South Carolina Senator John Calhoun argued for the rights of states to ______.

A) decide form themselves the issue of slavery
B) secede from the Union
C) nullify federal laws
D) maintain sovereignty over the national government

Question 52

What issue was driving much of the politics and tensions of the 19th century?

A) commerce
B) supremacy
C) education
D) slavery

Question 53

In the mid-19th century, as the original Federalist judges began to retire or pass away, many of their replacements held a stronger view of _____.

A) state authority
B) local authority
C) national authority
D) international authority

Question 54

As the United States began to focus its attention toward the ______, the rights of ______ received less and less attention and protection.

A) Pacific Ocean; African Americans
B) eastern seaboard; the states
C) northwest territories; individual citizens
D) Southwest; Hispanic Americans

Question 55

Economically, the 1930s were a period of ______.

A) prolonged deflation and scarce money
B) exaggerated inflation and cheap credit
C) extreme prosperity and economic domination
D) rapidly growing employment opportunities

Question 56

In the 19th century, the Supreme Court stated that the governments of the United States were ______.

A) cohesive and intertwined
B) distinct and independent
C) collaborative and interdependent
D) counterproductive and polarized

Question 57

Which of the following states was the first to secede from the union in 1860?

A) South Carolina
B) North Carolina
C) Virginia
D) Pennsylvania

Question 58

Which of the following cases centered around the Commerce and Supremacy Clauses of the Constitution?

A) Gibbons v. Ogden
B) McCulloch v. Maryland
C) Barron v. Baltimore
D) Marbury v. Madison

Question 59

Which of the following happened in December 1860?

A) Texas was admitted to the Union.
B) South Carolina seceded from the Union.
C) The Kansas-Nebraska Act was passed.
D) The Supreme Court ruled on the issue of nullification.

Question 60

What did America's heartland experience during the entire decade of the 1930s?

A) a period of agricultural prosperity
B) the worst drought in American history
C) social and political unrest
D) a transition from agriculture to industrialism

Question 61

In response to the Supreme Court decision in Schechter Poultry Corp. V. United States, the Roosevelt administration ______.

A) conceded it had exceeded its constitutional authority
B) called for a series of constitutional amendments expanding executive and legislative authority
C) crafted an important set of programs and federal legislation known as the Second New Deal
D) shifted commerce power and authority to the states in order to achieve his stated national goals

Question 62

Under the New Deal, dual federalism shifted to which of the following forms?

A) dual federalism
B) coercive federalism
C) cooperative federalism
D) unitary federalism

Question 63

President Roosevelt's policies fundamentally changed the relationship between the states and the national government by ______.

A) forcibly strengthening national police powers in comparison to those of the states
B) collaboratively accomplishing a shared solution to economic problems
C) strengthening state power in the governance of commercial activities
D) dramatically strengthening the role of the national government in the economy

Question 64

What is one of the primary tools that the federal government can use to achieve its policy objectives within the states?

A) the Commerce Clause
B) grants-in-aid
C) the Supremacy Clause
D) cooperative policy development

Question 65

The most significant expansion of national power through the use of categorical grants-in-aid in the post-New Deal era was under Lyndon Johnson's _____.

A) Great Society
B) New Deal
C) Broad Horizon
D) Grand Contract

Question 66

Included in the Second New Deal was which of the following important government programs?

A) Medicare
B) Social Security
C) TANF
D) Medicaid

Question 67

In order to battle the effects of the Great Depression, President Roosevelt called for expanded ______ power.

A) legislative
B) judicial
C) executive
D) bureaucratic

Question 68

Which of the following programs was included in President Johnson's Great Society?

A) Social Security
B) Medicare
C) Aid to Dependent Children
D) the Civilian Conservation Corps

Question 69

The relationship between the states and the nation was permanently altered during Roosevelt's New Deal by increasing ______.

A) the level of congressional authority to regulate interstate commerce
B) the executive powers of the president and his or her cabinet
C) the judicial powers of the Supreme Court and the federal court system
D) the sovereignty of state legislatures and executives to implement new programs

Question 70

The hired labor of ______ was no longer needed during the Dust Bowl. These minorities were especially hard hit by the economic downturn of the late 1920s.

A) tenant farmers
B) indentured servants
C) slaves
D) women

Question 71

What name was given to the most significant economic crisis the nation had ever faced occurring in 1929?

A) the Great Recession
B) the Economic Collapse of 1929
C) the Great Depression
D) the Collapse of the Stock Market of 1929

Question 72

What is the name of the most significant economic crisis in the U.S. history?

A) Great Depression
B) Grand Recession
C) Dust Bowl
D) Stock Market Crash of 1929

Question 73

President Roosevelt's first priority was to strengthen the nation's crumbling ______ system.

A) highway
B) stock
C) banking
D) farming

Question 74

By encouraging states to carry out national policy objectives, categorical grants act as a ______, and by threatening states with the withholding of funds if they fail to carry out government policy, categorical grants act as a ______.

A) carrot; stick
B) motivator; reinforcer
C) punishment; reward
D) disincentive; incentive

Question 75

The main form of a grant-in-aid during and after the New Deal has been the ______ grant.

A) block
B) categorical
C) devolution
D) revenue sharing

Question 76

Which of the following was a driving force for the nation moving toward cooperative federalism?

A) Slavery had been outlawed by the Constitution.
B) American corporations grew too powerful for states to manage by themselves.
C) The Civil War was imminent and northern states were afraid of losing the war.
D) Women and African Americans had gained the right to vote.

Question 77

What program established a set of rules governing prices, outputs, wages, working hours, management-labor relations, and the employment of children for American businesses?

A) CCC
B) AAA
C) AFA
D) NRA

Question 78

The Supreme Court's judgment in the case of Schechter Poultry Corp. V. United States had which of the following effects?

A) It found that the NRA had exceeded its constitutional authority to regulate commerce.
B) It sided with the Roosevelt administration and upheld the New Deal.
C) It led to a complete overturn of the New Deal.
D) It impacted the sovereignty of states with regard to regulating commerce.

Question 79

Which of the following events occurred in 1865?

A) The Treaty of Paris was signed.
B) The Fourteenth Amendment was ratified.
C) The American Civil War ended.
D) The Twelvth Amendment was ratified.

Question 80

What was the name given to President Roosevelt's plan for tackling the Great Depression?

A) Great Society
B) New Deal
C) Broad Horizon
D) Grand Contract